MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013

VOLCANO SINABUNG ON NORTH SUMATRA,

INDONESIA ERUPTSNovember 3, 2013

MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013

UNTIL AUGUST, 2010, SINABUNG HAD BEEN

INACTIVE FOR 400 YEARS

The August eruption led to an evacuation of 30,000 people

SEPTEMBER 2013 ERUPTION

• An eruption in September 2013 also prompted an evacuation--- about 3,500 villagers lining within 3 km of the volcano.

OCTOBER 2013 ERUPTION

• Another eruption on October 24th also prompted an evacuation of about 3,500 villagers lining within 2-3 km of the volcano.

WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 3RD

• The 8,530-foot-high mountain erupted early on Sunday, November 3rd, sending a vertical ash plume 7,000 feet into the air.

• This eruption prompted an evacuation of 1,500 people living within 3 km of the volcano.

INDONESIAN AUTHORITIES HAVE NOW INCREASED

THE ALERT LEVEL

UNDERSTANDING EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES

INDONESIA

INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES

VOLCANOES

PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” INDONESIA HAS 127 ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION

OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIATECTONIC PLATES

542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”

542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”

VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS

• VERTICAL PLUME (can affect jet aircraft)

• ASH AND TEPHRA• LATERAL BLAST• PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS,

BURSTS, AND FLOWS

VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS

• LAVA FLOWS• LAHARS (can bury villages)• EARTHQUAKES (related to

movement of lava)• “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing

famine and mass extinctions)

LATERAL BLAST

VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

FLYING DEBRIS

VOLCANIC ASH

LAVA FLOWS

LAHARS

TOXIC GASES

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

INDONESIA’S

COMMUNITIES

INDONESIA’S

COMMUNITIESDATA BASES AND INFORMATIONDATA BASES AND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• VOLCANO HAZARDS

• PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY• LOCATION

VOLCANO RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• EARLY WARNING• EMERGENCY RESPONSE• RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONS

POLICY ADOPTION

POLICY ADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITY

• EXPOSURE

• EVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COST

• BENEFIT

• CONSEQUENCES

TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS EXPECTED

LOSS

EXPECTED LOSS

THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF

YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES,2) BE PREPARED

3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE

5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER

MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES AND WARNING SYSTEMS ARE A VITAL PART OF BECOMING

RESILIENT

AIR AND LAND MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL

.