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A. CELL THEORY
1) All living things are made of one or more cells.2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.3) Living cells come only from other living cells.
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• These cells have a nucleus.• Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle
that holds the DNA.• Examples are plant and animal cells.
B) Two Types of Cells:
• These cells DO NOT have a nucleus.• DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the
cell.• An example is bacteria
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Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
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Large
No Cell wall
Small Vacuoles
No Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Large Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
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C) COMPARING TWO EUKARYOTIC CELLS:
ANIMAL CELL VS.PLANT CELL
1) ORGANELLES:• tiny organs in the cell.
2) CYTOPLASM:• fluid filling inside the cell
membrane.• makes up the majority of cell’s
mass.
D) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES:
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Organelles
Cytoplasm
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3) CELL MEMBRANE
• controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
• holds cell together
Cell membrane
Animal Cell
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Cell membrane
Animal Cell
Cell membrane made of special
lipids called “phospholipids”
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One phospholipid molecule.
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A model of a section of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane.
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Cell membrane
Animal Cell12
• found in plant cells not animal cells
• provides strength and support for plant cells.
• made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules)
4) CELL WALL
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Cell wall
Cell membrane
Plant Cell
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1) Nucleus:
• the control center of the cell
• stores DNA
(a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes.
E) ORGANELLES OF CELLS:
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(b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials
in and out of nucleus.
(c) DNA - stores information for making proteins
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Nucleus
DNANucleolus
Animal Cell
Nuclear membrane
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2) RIBOSOME• tiny grain like
particles usually found along the E.R.
• proteins are made here
Ribosome Proteins
Amino acids
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Close as you get to a real picture of a Ribosome. It is made of RNA and
protein.
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3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):• makes lipids
• the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Animal Cell
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4) Mitochondria:
• the “Power House” of the cell
• releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell.
Mitochondria Outer membrane
Inner membrane
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Mitochondria
A real picture of a mitochondrion. Spelling of word ending is –ion for singular and –ia for plural
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Mitochondria
More mitochondria
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5) Chloroplast:
• “Solar Panels” for capturing energy
• they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Chloroplast
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Real pictureof Chloroplasts
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More pictures of real ChloroplastsThe green round structures are chloroplasts
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Cellmembrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell
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Vacuole
6) Vacuole:
• “Storage Tanks” of the cell
• store water, food and waste.
Animal CellPlant Cell
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7) Golgi body:
• packages and transports materials out of the cell.
Golgi complex
Animal Cell
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8) Lysosome:
• “Clean-up and Recycling Crew”
• digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.
Lysosome
Vesicle with food
Animal Cell
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More pictures of Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Summary of organelles and their functions33
Pictures of different cells. These are cells from inside the cheek of your mouth.
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White Blood CellsRed Blood Cells
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This is a Plant Cell found in many fish aquariums
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A Neuron is a nerve cell that is part of our nervous system.
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This shows different types of muscle cells which make up muscle fiber.
Muscle Cells
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