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An overview of the IACPV, violence prevention and proposals for action
Elaborated for the OAS Working Group, Public Security Ministerial Conference, Mexico 2008
Elizabeth Gozzer, Technical Secretary, IACPV, Washington DC
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Basics & structure of the IACPV What is violence and what is violence prevention Risk and protective factors Role of the Coalition: why and what for? Mission Violence prevention & public security Proposals for Action: developed for the OAS
Ministerial Conference
Introduction
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Launched in 2000Innovative partnership of CDC, IADB,
OEA, PAHO, UNESCO, USAID & WBIACPV works for its member
organizations. While each of these organizations respond to their own members (states, governments, etc.)
Basics
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A Technical Committee with representatives of each partner agency
A Senior Advisor A Technical SecretaryCurrent hosts: The General Secretariat of
the OAS
Structure
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The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.
World report on violence and health, 2002
What is violence?
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…..
Types of violence
World Health Organization
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Poor parenting practices Victims of child-maltreatment Alcohol or drug abuse Presence of criminal activity in the
community Poverty Gender, social, and economic
inequalities Unemployment Norms or cultural schemes that
perpetuate violence Firearms/small weapons availability Weak judicial and criminal systems Isolation Illegal drug trafficking Demographic factors
Early intervention Social development programs Healthcare and support system for
victims Community participation Reduce alcoholic beverage availability Employment and reinsertion programs School reforms Strengthen of judicial and criminal
systems and increase access to it Poverty reduction & inequalities Reduction of small weapons
availability Social norms and systems level
changes Urban planning
Sample of risk factors vs. protective factors
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Stop acts of violence from occurring by intervening to eliminate or reduce the underlying risk factors
Shore up protective factorsReduce the recurrence of further violence
and its ill effects
What is violence prevention?
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Violence is generated by multiple causesThe nature of violence and violence
prevention is multifaceted and multidimensional
A multisectoral approach is required to respond appropriately
No single institution can comprehensively address these complex phenomena
The Coalition: Why and what for?
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Joining efforts and sharing informationPromoting a shift towards a greater balance
between law enforcement and prevention approaches
Avoiding duplicated effortsSharing of best practicesProviding technical and political space for
collaboration among members
The Coalition: Why and what for?
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To generate professional and technical analysis and dialogue among its member organizations, and others institutions, promote comprehensive strategies for crime and violence reduction, centered on prevention and education across the Americas. Acting as a catalyst for the prevention of violence by increasing knowledge about multisectoral approaches that respond to the multiple causes that generate violence and facilitating the development of partnerships and programs that put this knowledge into practice.
Mission
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Example of the Coalition’s achievements
Near universal acceptance of the importance of crime and violence prevention and its impact on development in the Americas
Sub-regional models established fostering greater collaboration: Central American Coalition for the Prevention of Youth Violence
Increased international awareness of importance of the role of prevention in addressing youth and gang violence as a compliment to control oriented policies
Design of universal Violence Indicators Manual Increased implementation of violence observatories at municipal,
national, regional, and hemispheric levels Publication of Guide for Developing Municipal Violence
Observatories and Violence Observatories Best Practices based on work in 16 countries in the Americas
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Violence as a public security issue
Annually 1.6 million people die because of violence (WHO, 2008)
90% of deaths occur in low and middle income countries (WHO, 2008):
- Self-direct: 54%
- Interpersonal: 35%
- War and others: 11% Violence perceived as a criminal activity only when reaching
public domain Large presence of intra-family, sexual, gender and youth
violence, and self-inflicted violence Public security = citizenship security & human rights
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Violence as a public security issue
Harms the social structure of a state, damaging its productive capacity and imposing additional costs
Reduces investment and economic growing Hampers individuals’ quality of life and community
development Diminishes trust in the police and criminal and justice
systems and finally, the government Increases organized crime Imposes economic burden in poor and low income
communities, perpetuating inequality
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Developing standardized information systems Knowing the actual cost of violence Implementing a multisectoral and sustainable
approach Partnering with private sector and civil society Improving the criminal justice and social welfare
systems
Proposals for Action: developed for the OAS Ministerial Conference
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Developing Standardized Information Systems
Why? To understand the extent of the problem: population
(both perpetrators and victims), economic and social situation, type of violence, crime and injuries, resources available, costs, and challenges and opportunities
To measure and analyze violence trends and directly affect public policy decision making based on that data.
How? A good example: Implementing “Violence
Observatories”
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Knowing the actual costs of violence
Why? The cost to society of crime and violence varies depending on
the development level, infrastructure, and resources of each country
Violence leads to the abandonment of important investments in human capital and social projects
Constrains economic and social development, and weakens the society’s human capital
Prevention is more cost-effective than traditional - often repressive - violence and crime control tactics
How?Developing in depth regional and country research
studies
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Implementing a multi-sectoral and sustainable approach
Why? No one sector can solve the problem by itself Violence prevention challenges demand an intersectoral approach that
recognizes the many inter-linkages between the sectors and their collective impact on violence
How? “Think Green, and Also Think Safe” Incorporating social impact evaluation in every development and
investment project Developing policies at the local, national and regional level fostering
violence prevention efforts in a systematical way Including crime and violence prevention approaches in every sector:
health, education, interior/security, financial, urban and rural infrastructure, and others
Integrating efforts across sectors Sharing and implementing best practices
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Partnering with private sector and civil society
Why?Sustainable results require engagement of community
at largeResources availabilityLeadership
How? Involving large, medium, and small businesses Involving communities and local leaders, NGOs,
churches, and schoolsProviding support through vocational training, job
placement, mentoring, and other opportunities for at-risk populations
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Improving the criminal justice and social welfare systems
Why? Need for efficient and reliable criminal justice
and social welfare institutionsHow?
Training law enforcement and criminal justice authorities in human rights, civil rights, and violence prevention methods
Capacity buildingStrengthening victim care and support
systems.
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