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1 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Experimental Facilities
John Hill
EFAC review October 19th , 2006
2 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Contributors to XFD Portion of CDRJames AblettMarc AllaireDieter SchneiderWuxian ShiVivian StojanoffRobert Sweet Mark ChanceMike DudleyPaul NorthrupPeter StephensJoe WoicikSushil SharmaSteve HulbertToshi TanabeSam KrinskyGeorge RakowskyAnatoly Snigirev*
Jorg Maser*Ken Evans-LutterodtDeming ShuAlfred Baron*Yuri Shvyd’ko*Clement BurnsAlec Sandy*Simon Mochrie*Ian Robinson*Dario ArenaCecilia Sanchez-HankeLonny BermanPeter TakacsPeter SiddonsChristie NelsonZhong ZhongHarald Reichart
Chris Jacobsen*Chris HomesWayne BettsBarrett ClayBob DelasioTony KuczewskiJeff LandgrafJerome LauretDennis PoshkaIvan SoZhijian YinRoger DejusNick SimosElaine DiMasiMohan Ramanathan*Thomas Gog*Larry Carr
Lisa MillerElio VescovoPeter JohnsonLin YangQun ShenPK JobQiong WuPaul DumasScott CoburnRuben Reininger*Natasha BozovicIvan BozovicPaul O’ConnorSal PjerovOliver Hignette*Marc Tricard*Christian Schroer*
* NSLS-II Visitor
3 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Design Specifications
• Ultra-high brightness- Drives emittance, energy spread, stability.
• High flux- Drives current, top-up, length of straight sections.
• Wide spectral range: 0.1 meV to 100 keV- Drives user devices (BM, undulators, SCW), storage
ring energy.
Experimental View:
4 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Importance of Electron Emittance
2222 '' phelpheltot
tot
4Fraction of flux into focused spot =
So, as el 0, tot
4
Horizontal emittance
Vertical emittance
=1A
4' phph
Where
and
..and fraction of flux delivered in spot 1
5 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Effect of Energy Spread
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
910
-5
2
So
urc
e ve
rtic
al a
ng
ula
r d
iver
gen
ce [
rad
]
103
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
104
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
105
Photon Energy (eV)
U14 SCU14mm, L=2.0m, Kmax=2.2
Ring parameters: 3.0 GeV, 0.5A, h=0.55nm, v=0.01nm, energy spread=0.001
Straight section parameters: 5m length: h=2.7m, v=0.945m; 8m length: h=18.2m, v=3.09m; h=v=h=v=h=v=0
Bend magnet parameters: h=0.65m, v=25.1m, h=0.032, v=-0.044, h=0.04m, h=0.056, v=v=0
Natural
6 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Effect of Insertion Device Length
2 3 4 5 6 70
2
4
6
8
10x 10
21
Bri
gh
tne
ss,
ph
/s/0
.1%
BW
/mm2
/mra
d2
at
8.3
3 k
eV
(5
th h
arm
on
ic)
ID length, m
00.1%0.2%
E=8.33 keV, 5th harmonic of U19
7 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Effect of
BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
=L/2Maximum brightness
L=3m=0.5 nm
To a zeroth approximation, users want the most photons in the smallest spot, with the smallest divergence: Brightness
For L=3m then optimum =0.5m
8 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Current Parameters
Size Divergence Size Divergence Size DivergenceVert. 5.9 m 12 rad 5.9 m 12 rad 6.3 m 11.9 radHoriz. 14 m 44 rad 39 m 18.6 rad 100 m 13 rad
x=18.1m, y=3.1m
8mx=2.7m, y=0.95m
5m
Angular acceptance of C(111)
vertical Has minimal impact on photon beam.horiz Allows some tuning of photon divergence and beam size
Photon Beam
1st harmonic, 3m U19
5m* x=0.3 m, y=0.95m
* Possible low-beta option
9 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
NSLS-II Insertion Devices
Name U14 U19 U45 U100 DW-1.8T SCW Type SCU CPMU EPU EPU PMW SCW
Photon energy range Hard x-ray
(1.8-30keV)
Hard x-ray (1.5-
20keV)
Soft x-ray (180eV-7keV)
VUV (8eV-4keV)
Broad band
(<10eV-100keV)
Very hard x-ray
(<10eV-200keV)
Type of straight section
5m 5m 5m 8m 8m 5m
Period length (mm) 14 19 45 100 100 60 Total undulator length (m) 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 1.0 Number of periods 143 158 89 40 70 17 Magnetic gap (mm) 5 5 10 10 15 15 Peak magnetic field strength B (T) 1.68 1.21
0.68(Heli) 1.03 (Lin) 1.50 1.80 3.50
K 2.20 2.03 (eff) 2.87 (eff) 4.67 (eff) 14.01 15.92 (eff) 19.61
h fundamental, eV 1788.8 1469.7 183.1 8.6
h critical, keV 11.8 21.0 2.4
Total power (kW) 16.08 11.18 12.09 25.64 64.60 34.89
G(K) 0.9842 0.9818 0.9959 0.9996 0.9997 0.9998
On-axis power density (kW/mrad2)
103.70 77.86 40.03 26.33 55.30 25.60
10 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Brightness Curves
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
Bri
gh
tnes
s [p
ho
ton
s/se
c/0.
1%b
w/m
m2 /m
rad
2 ]
10 eV 100 eV 1keV 10keV 100keV
Photon Energy
VUVhcrit
EPU100 VUV undulator100mm, L=4m, Kmax=14.0
EPU45 SXU45mm, L=4.0m, Kmax=4.33
U14 SCU14mm, L=2.0m, Kmax=2.2
W60 SCW,B=3.5T, 60mm,L=1.0m, K=19.6
DW100-1.8T,B=1.8T, 100mm,L=7m, K=16.8
U19 CPMU19mm, L=3.0m, Kmax=2.03
Ring parameters: 3.0 GeV, 0.5A, h=0.55nm, v=0.01nm, energy spread=0.001
Straight section parameters: 5m length: h=2.7m, v=0.945m; 8m length: h=18.2m, v=3.09m; h=v=h=v=h=v=0
Bend magnet parameters: h=0.65m, v=25.1m, h=0.032, v=-0.044, h=0.04m, h=0.056, v=v=0
25m-radius bend,B=0.4T, Ec=2.39keV
11 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Flux Curves
1013
2
4
6
1014
2
4
6
1015
2
4
6
1016
Flu
x [p
ho
ton
s/se
c/0.
1%b
w]
10 eV 100 eV 1keV 10keV 100keV
Photon Energy
VUVhcrit
EPU100 VUV undulator100mm, L=4m, Kmax=14.0
EPU45 SXU45mm, L=4.0m, Kmax=4.33 U14 SCU
14mm, L=2.0m, Kmax=2.2
W60 SCW,B=3.5T, 60mm,L=1.0m, K=19.6
DW100-1.8T,B=1.8T, 100mm,L=7m, K=16.8
U19 CPMU19mm, L=3.0m, Kmax=2.03
Ring parameters: 3.0 GeV, 0.5A, h=0.55nm, v=0.01nm, energy spread=0.001
Straight section parameters: 5m length: h=2.7m, v=0.945m; 8m length: h=18.2m, v=3.09m; h=v=h=v=h=v=0
Bend magnet parameters: h=0.65m, v=25.1m, h=0.032, v=-0.044, h=0.04m, h=0.056, v=v=0
25m-radius bend,B=0.4T, Ec=2.39keV
12 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
IR from Bending Magnets
Extraction of IR from BM appears feasible with good performance down to 1 cm-1
Currently looking into impact on accelerator and cost.
13 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Far-IR performance
NSLS-II std gap dipoles
NSLS-II large gap dipoles (60 mm)
NSLS-II v. large gap dipoles (90 mm)
14 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Beamlines
BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
For the purposes of obtaining a detailed cost estimate and to explore the technical issues for state-of-the-art beamlines at NSLS-II, Five insertion device beamlines were explored in some detail:
1) Inelastic X-ray Scattering (Hill, Shvyd’ko and Baron)2) Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (Gog, Evans-Lutterodt)3) Hard X-ray Coherent Scattering (Sandy, Mochrie, Robinson)4) Soft x-ray Imaging and Coherent scattering (Sanchez-Hanke, Hulbert,
Reinginer)5) Soft x-ray resonant scattering and inelastic scattering (Arena, Hulbert,
Reinginer)
15 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Beamlines
SuperconductingMagnet
NSLS IIExperimental floor
In addition, we have considered a number of other beamlines at a less detailed level:
• High magnetic field (Nelson)
• High Energy (Zhong)
• SAXS (Yang)
• IR (Carr)
• Imaging (Shen)
• Damping Wigglers (Berman)
• PX (Berman)
• ARPES (Johnson/Vescovo)
• Bending Magnet (Berman/Arena)
16 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Beamline Development
• Beamline Access Teams (BATs) Facility receives funding to design, construct, and operate beamlines.
• Beamline Development Teams (BDTs)User group receives funding to design, construct, and operate beamline.
Two principal modes :
User groups would form and work with the facility to define the scientific mission and technical requirements for the beamline
17 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Usage of Facility
Type IDs BMs Total IDs BMs Total
A IR/UV/soft x-ray spectroscopy 1 11 12 3 7 10B X-ray spectroscopy 6 3 9 0 9 9C soft-matter/biophysics scattering 4 0 4 0 8 8D hard matter/strongly correlated 9 1 10 3 5 8E powder/single Xtal/high-P/optics 7 3 10 3 8 11F Imaging/micro-probe 4 5 9 2 7 9G Macromolecular crystallography 7 0 7 2 8 10
Totals 38 23 61 13 52 65
NSLSNSLS-II
A strawman beamline distribution was constructed for one possible scenario for a mature facility:
Note: This process took into account the expected demand, the existing community and the enhanced NSLS-II capabilities. In this scenario a few IDs and a few BMs remain open.
18 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Canting
Configuration Canting angle (half) x
Bare - 2.04 nm
5 x 7m 0 0.55 nm5 x (3.5m + 3.5m) 1.5 mrad 0.71 nm5 x (3.5m + 3.5m) 2.5 mrad 0.80 nm5 x (2.33m+2.33m+2.33m) 1 mrad 0.57 nm5 x (2.33m+2.33m+2.33m) 3 mrad 0.80 nm
8 x 7m 0 0.48 nm8 x (3.5m +3.5m) 1.5 mrad 0.54 nm
35m DW +1 x(1m +1m) 1 mrad 0.54 nm
The effects of canting have been studied as far as the impact on dispersion and hence emittance (Bengtsson):
Wigglers
Undulators
Device
19 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
R+D Overview
Four areas of proposed focus:
1) 1nm Spatial Resolution- Multi-layer Laue approach- Kinoform approach
2) 0.1 meV Energy Resolution- Asymmetric optics
3) Reflective Optics Metrology- Optical metrology- At wavelength testing
4) Detectors– Large area pixelated detectors– Integrated electronics
20 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Tentative Process & Schedule
2007 2008 2009 20112010 2012 2013 2014 2015
1st beamBO Ring bldg
Construction Commiss-ioning
LOI: Select BATs
TDRProject BATs
Initial BDTs
Possible MIEs
CDR TDR
LOI: Select BDTs
Full proposal
CDR TDR Construction Commiss-ioning
Possible MIEs ?
21 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Remainder of the Talks
TodayConventional Facilities- Marty FallierBeamline Development – Hill
TomorrowBeamlines
Hard x-ray undulator beamlines – HillSoft x-ray undulator beamlines – Steve HulbertDamping Wiggler and BM beamlines – Lonny BermanIR beamlines – Larry CarrCost Estimate/Trust Fund - Hill
R+D1nm – Evans-Lutterodt0.1 meV – Yuri Shvyd’koDetectors – Paul O’ConnorInsertion Devices – Toshi TanabeMetrology – Peter Takacs
22 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
Summary
• XFD portion of CDR is nearing completion. User requirements generated by this have driven accelerator and conventional facilities design.
• Conceptual designs have been carried out for a number of beamlines to inform a detailed cost estimate, and a number of others at a pre-conceptual level.
• Some beamlines will be built as part of the construction project utilizing a trust fund approach. These will begin commissioning in 2013.
• Remaining beamlines will be built with other funds (e.g. will pursue potential MIEs and other non-BES funds) and brought online in the following years.
• Items requiring R+D have been identified and a plan outlined.
• User Access modes and facility build-out issues have begun to be addressed.