1

Causes of World War I

M : Militarism

A : Assassination

I : Imperialism/Industrialization

N : Nationalism

2

Causes of WWII… VLAD!! V- VERSAILLES: The German government and people

were DISSATISFIED with the resolution of WWI and the economic DEPRESSION that followed—they wanted DESPERATELY wanted their honor, respect and welfare back…

L-LAND: Germany and Japan both follow policies of “uniting” large areas of German and Asian peoples for nationalism and resources (Czechoslovakia and Austria [then Poland] in Europe and the “Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere in Asia)

A-APPEASEMENT: Allies initially allow Germany and Japan to take land in the hope they will be satisfied and cease their expansion and aggression

D-D³=FT!! Fascist, Militaristic and Totalitarian leaders took over governments in Italy, Germany and Japan (What kind of gov’t took over in Russia?)

3

WHO:

Axis: (BULLIES) Germany Japan Italy

Allies: (WIMPS) Great Britain

(England) Russia France

China

(Loner)•USA

4

WHERE: Practically Everywhere:

Europe, Pacific, South-East Asia, China, Middle East,

Mediterranean and Africa

5

WHEN: Five Stages:

1931-1939—Japanese Aggression: Invasion of Manchuria and Southeast Asia

1939-1941--Initital German Push: Poland, Battle of Britain—“Official” Start

1941-1943—Axis Grind to a Halt: German Invasion of Russia, Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

1943-1945-- Direction of War Changes (Allied Counterattack): Battles of Midway, Stalingrad, D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Finally, 1945--Russians take Berlin, U.S. conducts nuclear attack on Japan. War ends.

6

Japan’s War in China Conquest of Chinese Manchuria 1931-1932 Full-scale invasion of Northern China in 1937 The Rape of Nanjing

Arial bombing of urban center 400,000 Chinese used for bayonet practice, massacred 7,000 women raped 1/3 of all homes destroyed

7

Nanjing Massacre

8

Nanjing Massacre

9

Italian Aggression and Empire Benito Mussolini invades

Ethiopia with overpowering force--1935 2,000 Italian troops killed,

275,000 Ethiopians killed Remaining anger from failed

invasion during Imperial Era…

Also takes Libya, Albania

10

Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) 1933, takes power in

Germany—withdraws from League of Nations

Remilitarizes Germany Anschluss (“Union”) with

Austria, 1938 Pressure on Sudetenland

(Czechoslovakia) Where else was there are

large population of ethnic Germans?

11

Munich Conference (1938) Italy, France, Great Britain,

Germany meet Allies follow policy of

appeasement Hitler promises to halt

expansion British Prime Minister Neville

Chamberlain (1869-1940) promises “peace for our time”

Hitler signs secret Russian-German Treaty of Non-Aggression (August 1939)

12

Invasion of Poland and France September 1, 1939

Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” strategy Air forces soften up

target, armored divisions rush in

German U-boats (submarines) patrol Atlantic, threaten British shipping (just like during…?)

13

The Fall of France 1940: Germany occupies

Denmark, Norway, Belgium, France

Hitler forces French to sign armistice agreement in same railroad car used for the armistice imposed on Germany in 1918

Once again--dissatisfaction with Treaty of Versailles and need for revenge.