1 CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009 International Helicopter Safety Team Overview Briefing Mark Liptak FAA Aviation Data and Analysis Services, ASA-100

1CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009

International Helicopter Safety TeamOverview Briefing

Mark Liptak FAA Aviation Data and Analysis Services, ASA-100IHST Program Director


Today’s Objectives

• Discuss the case for change in helicopter safety

• Provide an overview of how the IHST is developing safety improvements from accidents analyses

• Provide IHST program status of both domestically and internationally

• Present top level analysis findings from the US fleet accident data set.

• Discuss the challenges of reaching small operators


Worldwide Helicopter Accidents per Year1991 to 2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

Year

Acc

iden

t C

ount

US Military US Civil Non US Civil and Military

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

Year

Acc

iden

t C

ount

US Civil US Military Non US Civil and Military

Source - Bell Helicopter

We have a problem!

4CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009Global outreach key to success

Worldwide Helicopter Fleet Distribution33598 aircraft

Mexico 343 1%

Others 3469 10%

South Africa 577 2%

United States 14269 43%

GCC 250 1%

India 150 0.4%Japan 786 2%

Europe 6860 20%

CIS 2000 6%

Canada 1887 6%

Brazil 1050 3%Australasia 1957 6%

Kick-off cpt

IHST Partner

Outreach efforts continue, seeking

partnerships in the Mid and Far East, CIS, Mexico and S. Africa updated Jan ‘09


Recent Accident Counts by Region

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Ac

cid

en

ts

North America Europe Asia Oceania South America Africa Central America

IHSTIHST


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

74

78

82

86

90

94

98

'02

Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55

Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)

Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar

RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation

FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety

Maj

or

Fat

al A

ccid

ents

Per

Mil

lio

n D

epar

ture

s

FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda

Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946


'

Hel

ico

pte

r A

ccid

ents

per

Exp

osu

reFactors That Will Lead To Breakthroughs inFactors That Will Lead To Breakthroughs in

Helicopter Accident Rates Since 2005Helicopter Accident Rates Since 2005

Introduction of a scalable SMS tool ?

Widespread use of safety accreditation programs ?

Create partnerships with insurers

Cockpit imaging systems ?

?

2005 20162007 2009 2011 2013 20152008 2010 2012 20142006

IHST Formed


~760

Accidents Avoided ~372

Fatalities/Serious Injuries Avoided source: Bell Worldwide Database

20

01

-20

05

avg 20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

US

Acc

ident

Rate

per

10

0,0

00

flig

ht

hours

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Year

Progressing Toward the 80% Goal

US Fleet Data

Trend projection if no action takenStart – 9.1Start – 9.1Per 100K hours

Goal – 1.8Goal – 1.8Per 100K hours


~1694

Accidents Avoided ~1132

Fatalities/Serious Injuries Avoided

source: Bell Worldwide Database

20

01

-20

05

avg 20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

Worl

dw

ide A

ccid

ent

Rate

per

10

0,0

00

flig

ht

hours

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Year

Progressing Toward the 80% Goal

Worldwide Fleet DataTrend projection if no action takenStart – 9.5Start – 9.5

Per 100K hours

Goal – 1.9Goal – 1.9Per 100K hours


IHST is following a proven modelIHST (CAST)

Charters Activity

JHSAT (JSAT)Analyzes DataProposes most

effective interventions

JHSIT (JSIT)Assesses feasibility of

interventions works implementation

Continued data analysis,measure intervention

effectiveness (JIMDAT)


This is a worldwide effort

All IHST participants use a process adapted from CAST.

Key attributes:

All recommendations directly rooted in accident data.

Regional ownership - Data is owned and analyzed by those most familiar with it. Safety recommendations are implemented by teams most familiar with local needs and challenges.

JHSAT and JHSIT lead teams responsible for training/coaching regional teams, measuring the results of the safety recommendations and implementation effectiveness.


U.S. Safety Coordination Program

Industry

International HelicopterSafety Team

(IHST)

Joint Safety Analysis Teams

(JHSAT)

Government

AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney

FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA

US JHSAT and JHSIT Stakeholders

JHSATAHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceSchweizerBristowAir MethodsSilver State Helo LLCNASAFAA


Industry


(IHST)


(JHSAT)

Government



Joint HelicopterSafety AnalysisTeam (JHSAT)

Joint HelicopterSafety Implementation

Team (JHSIT)

JHSITCHCHACEurocopterSikorskyPHIBristowArkansas Child HospAELASilver State Helo LLCLife Flight MaineBellFAA


Industry


(IHST)


(JHSAT)

Government



US JHSAT and JHSIT Stakeholders

JHSATAHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceSchweizerBristowAir MethodsSilver State Helo LLCNASAFAA


Industry


(IHST)


(JHSAT)

Government



Joint HelicopterSafety AnalysisTeam (JHSAT)

Joint HelicopterSafety Implementation

Team (JHSIT)

JHSITCHCHACEurocopterSikorskyPHIBristowArkansas Child HospAELASilver State Helo LLCLife Flight MaineBellFAA

ALEA


IHST Organization ChartExecutive Committee

Government Co- ChairFAA – Dennis Pratte

Industry Co- ChairHAI – Matt Zuccaro

Program DirectorFAA – Mark Liptak

DirectorBell Helicopter – Somen Chowdhury

SecretariatAHS – M. Rhett Flater

DirectorShell Aircraft – Robert Sheffield

DirectorHAC – Fred Jones

JHSAT Co-Chairs JHSIT Co-Chairs

DirectorEHEST– Jean-Pierre Dedieu

DirectorNASA – Dr. Amy Pritchett

DirectorEHA Representative – TBD

Regional Partners - Europe, Brazil, India, Australia, Canada, US


RefinementStandardization

IHST Safety InitiativeAnalysis, Implementation and Metrics Functional Structure

IHSTExecutive Committee

Canada JHSAT

JHSAT Accident Analysis Recommendations

JHSIT Implementation

Actions

Others

EHSAT

US JHSAT

Brazil JHSAT

India JHSAT

Canada JHSIT

Others

EHSIT

US JHSIT

Brazil JHSIT

India JHSIT

JHSAT Co-Chairs

JHSIT Co-Chairs

PerformanceMetrics

Accident Analysis Recommendations

turned into Implementation Actions

Accident Analyses Recommendations Implemented


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

IHSSFormed

ExcomFormed

US

Europe

Canada

TBD

Metrics

Metrics

Brazil

Australia

Mid East

To

day

Far East

CIS

1

2

3

4Regional Kickoff MeetingJHSAT Team Formed

Key:

Accident Dataset Established

JHSAT Report Complete5

6JHSIT FormedJHSIT Process Refined

1

1

1

1

1

E

E

E

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

4

7 JHSIT SEs complete8 JHSIT DIPs complete

5

54

6

6

7

7 8

8

5 6 7 8

India 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

IHST Program - Regional Process Tracking

5 6 7 84

35 6 7 84

2 35 6 7 84

2 35 6 7 84

2 35 6 7 84

Program staffing, sales, marketing, management, communications, international outreach

2

1

E Regional “exploratory” mtg

Metrics

1

1


Why do we think our process will work?

Three Examples:

Commercial Aviation

OGP/Shell Aircraft

ALEA


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02






Maj

or

Fat

al A

ccid

ents

Per

Mil

lion

Dep

artu

res



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02






Maj

or

Fat

al A

ccid

ents

Per

Mil

lion

Dep

artu

res



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02






Maj

or

Fat

al A

ccid

ents

Per

Mil

lion

Dep

artu

res



Large Transport Ops Rate Improvements

Source: cast.org


Source: R. Sheffield, Shell Aircraft


Airborne Law Enforcement Association Education Programs

• Began SMS training 2000• Accreditation Standards adopted 2005• Adopted IHST SMS Toolkit 2007• 480 people/year attend Regional Safety Seminars• 220 attended pre-conference courses in 2007• 1,100 people attend Annual Conference• Total membership – 3,600

Reduced accidents by 75% (21-6) from 1999-2007 by adoption of SMS methods


A look at some of the IHST’s work in the US


US Accident Analysis Overview:

197 accidents analyzed; covered a wide spectrum of helicopter operations – 15 basic mission types identified.

1200+ scored problem statements/intervention findings developed

US JHSAT refined the problem statement/intervention findings into:

7 foundational recommendation areas for the US fleet

125 specific recommendations for 15 mission types

2001 analysis almost complete, 174 additional accidents


Ranked US Fleetwide Recommendations

1. Safety Management

2. Training

3. Systems and Equipment

4. Information

5. Maintenance

6. Regulatory Recommendations

7. Infrastructure

Detailed problem/solution info for 15 missions also developed


US Fleet– CY2000 Data


Accidents in which Problem Category was Cited at least Once

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Pilot J

udg/Ac

tion

Data iss

ues

Safe

ty M

gmt

Pilot S

A

Groun

d Dut

ies

Mission Ri

sk

Part/

Sys F

ail

Maint

enan

ce

Post-cra

sh Sur

viv

Com

mun

icatio

ns

Regu

lato

ry

Safe

ty Sys

& Eqp

t

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Person

nel-n

onCr

ew

Num

ber

2000

2001


NTSB Phase of Flight-2000 vs 2001

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

Stan

ding

Groun

d

Climb

Cruise Ta

xi

Take

off

Desce

nt

Appr

oach

Emer

g Des

c/Ln

dg

Emer

g Ln

dg

Land

ing

misc

%2000

%2001


Light Conditions x IMC/VMC

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Daylight

Dusk>Dawn

Night

Night/Bright

Night/Dark

Number

VMC

IMC

2001 accident data


Intervention Categories (2000 vs 2001)

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Data/

Info

rmat

ion

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Maint

enan

ce

No re

com

men

datio

n

Regul

ator

y

Safe

ty M

gmt

Syst

ems an

d Eq

uip

Traini

ng/In

stru

ct

% o

f In

terv

en

tion

s I

D'e

d


Detailed US JHSAT data available at ihst.org

year 2000 report issued

year 2001 report to be issued September 2009

year 2006 accident data “on deck” for analysis

All findings passed to US JHSIT for implemtationplan development

All recommendations and actions based on accident data


Implementing Change – Remaining Process Driven

Implementation actions are driven by accident data and arebased on the recommendations of the JHSAT team

Actions are prioritized for potential impact

Each action is assessed for safety impact and ROI

A “Safety Enhancement” (SE) plan is established for each action

The Excom reviews and if appropriate, approves each SE

Approved SEs are further augmented by a “Detailed Implementation Plan” (DIP)

SE/DIP effectiveness metrics used to ensure actions working as intended


The IHST challenge – reaching small and medium sized operators

HAI Survey Data

Identifying the target audience


1 to 5 ship operators

Insurance

Maintainers

Trainers IndustryPubs

FSDO

Pathways to Influence Change

ABC Groups

AccreditationProgs

We need to find high leverage means to influence the small ops community


Conclusions:

We have a problem – Unanimity in the worldwide helicopter community; long term accident trends are unacceptable.

We know how to fix it – Using a data driven, stakeholder consensus process we’ve identified the drivers behindhelicopter accidents. Implementation of SMS, training, information and maintenance enhancements are thetop priority targets. Effectiveness measures will be used.

We can’t do it alone – Any entity with accident data willing to use the IHST analysis and implementation process is a viable candidate to join this worldwide initiative.

ihst.org


Documents

1 CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009 International Helicopter Safety Team Overview Briefing Mark Liptak FAA Aviation Data and Analysis Services, ASA-100