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Catalog contentsTagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

Catalog contents

1. Company profile

2. Shikkui Marble 2.1 Overview 2.2 Ecological characteristics 2.3 Floors 2.4 Walls 2.5 Standard color ceries 2.6 Custom textures 2.7 Optional functions 2.8 Additional tools 2.9 Application 3. Shikkui Plaster 3.1 Overview 3.2 Application

Com

pany profile

Company profile1 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

1. Company profile

Company name: Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd. Address: 1924 Yugeta, Tagawa-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 826-0041 Japan

TEL: +81-947-44-2240 FAX: +81-947-44-8484

E-mail: info@shikkui.com URL: http://www.shikkui.com President: Nobuyoshi Yukihira Established: 1924 Type of business: Inorganic chemical industry, lime ceramics and green building materials Facilities: Factory site: 40,000 ‡u Buildings: 8,000 ‡u Employees: 32 Main products: Shikkui Marble (Limix), Shikkui Plaster (Shirokabe) Major awards: 2007 Monodzukuri - Japan Prime Minister's Grand Award

2004 Good Design Award - Ecology Design Prize

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Shikkui Marble 2.1Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.1 Shikkui Marble - OverviewShikkui Marble is a unique green building material recently developed at Tagawa Sangyo. This lime-based non-baked ceramic is manufactured by high pressure in vacuum, resulting in being equally as hard as marble and having a wide scope of indoor floor and wall application. Due to the production process, various customized contents, colors and texture are possible.

Composition

+ Safe natural components+ Environmentally friendly, low CO2 emissions+ Natural anti-viral and anti-bacterial effect due to

high alkalinity+ Natural anti-static that prevents dust on the surface+ Humidity regulating and breathable + Variety of colors and individual design options+ Variety of objects (e.g. leaves, stones, painted

pictures, etc.) can be embedded into its surface+ Outstanding hardness comparable to marble+ Lighter in weight than marble or granite

Characteristics

Granite

Marble

Concrete

Test itemSpecific gravity

Strength (N/mm )

Comp-ressive Bending

Slip resistance (BPN)

Thermal conductivity (cal/sec cm C)

Water absorption ratio (%)

Upper temperature limit ( C)

Shikkui Marble

Some comparative physical properties

Mixing raw materials (slaked lime, calcium carbonate, color pigments, other ingredients)

Adding special componenets for custom design tiles (stones, leaves, glass, textile, pre-drawn pictures, etc.)

Putting mixed powder into metal mold

Pressing the powder with high pressure in vacuum (2 ton / cm )2

Curing with carbon dioxideCO2

Technologocal overview

Shikkui Marble - Ecological characteristics

Shikkui Marble2.2 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.2 Ecological characteristics

During the manufacturing process, 20-30wt% of Shikkui Marble's substance reacts with CO2 andabsorbs it:

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O + 74 kJ/mol

The absorption process also continues after a tile has been produced. The total amount of CO2 absorption is approx. 297.30g/1kg of Shikkui Marble:

1mol (74g) of slaked lime reacts with 44g of CO2 (approx. 22L): 500 × 44/74 = 297.30

Thus, Shikkui Marble can absorb approx. 6,503 kg of CO2 for 1,000 sq m of wall construction (400×400×t10mm tiles).

- Made of 100% inorganic natural materials (main component - Japanese natural limestone)- Humidity regulating and breathable- Reacts with carbon dioxide and absorbs it- Saves energy and has no baking or oil waste- Produces no static electricity, thus, reduces the amount of suspended particles, such as house dust and cigarette smoke- Long-lasting high alkalinity within the tiles, preventing mold, fungi, as well as some bacteria and viruses (e.g. slaked lime - effective protection against influenza viruses)

Shikkui Marble is not baked, which significantly differs from ordinary baked tiles that cause oil waste. The total amount of manufacturing energy reduction is approx. 80%, and so is the CO2 emission reduction.

The manufacturing energy to produce Shikkui Marble is approx. 20% of an ordinary ceramic tile's (1,190 and 5,871 Kcal/kg of tile).

20%

80%

Shikkui Marble Ordinary baked tile

The CO2 emissions to produce Shikkui Marble are approx. 80% less than an ordinary baked ceramic tile's (4.8 and 23.9 kg of CO2/sq m of tile correspondingly).

20%

80%

Shikkui Marble Ordinary baked tile

Amount of CO2 absorption : 297.30g/1kg of Shikkui Marble

80% reduction of both CO2 and consumed manufacturing energy

CO2 reductionEnergy reduction

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Shikkui Marble 2.3Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.3 Floors

15.75" x 15.75" x 0.6" (400 x 400 x 15mm)

7.88" x 7.88" x 0.6" (200 x 200 x 15mm)

Please refer to Section 2.5 and 2.6 of this catalog for standard and custom textures

Black floor tiles in a corridor (color code - BK)

Marble design for hospital floor

White floor tiles in a kitchen (color code - WH)

Blue tiles on stairs (color code - B50)

White floor tiles in a concert hall (color code - WH)

Shikkui Marble - W

alls

Shikkui Marble2.4 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.4 Walls

Shikkui Marble BlocksCustom design tiles with embedded objects and blasted figures

Black wall tiles in a waiting room (color code - BK)

Blue gradient wall tiles in a bathroom

White tiles in a bathroom (color code - WH)

15.75" x 15.75" x 0.4" (400 x 400 x 10mm)

7.88" x 7.88" x 0.4" (200 x 200 x 10mm)

5.9" x 5.9" x 2.4" (150 x 150 x 60mm)

Please refer to Section 2.5 and 2.6 of this catalog for standard and custom textures

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Shikkui Marble 2.5Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.5 Standard color seriesBelow are standard colors of Shikkui Marble with corresponding codes.

Shikkui Marble - C

ustom texture

Shikkui Marble2.6 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.6 Custom textureBelow are some samples of Shikkui Marble's custom texture split up into categories.

Glass and aluminium Marble stoneGlass

Rice straws Japanese maple leaf Etched metal figures

Blasted figure (rabbit ) Engraved text3D texture (wood)

Marble texture Fresco drawing Multiple-colored tile

Silk Japanese Hakata-ori textileTraditional Japanese paper

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Shikkui Marble 2.7Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.7 Optional functions

Titanium dioxide-coated Shikkui Marble (i.e. with photocatalyst function) possesses even higher environmental qualities providing constant air/water purification, deodorization and sterilization from VOC gasses (such as formaldehyde and tolvene), bad bacteria and mold.

Titanium dioxide, also known as titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When exposed to light in the presence of water vapor, titanium dioxide acts as a photocatalyst (i.e. catalyst that accelerates photoreaction) and, as a result, two highly reactive substances are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide anion [O2 ]. It allows the oxidation of airborne VOCs and toxic organic matter into carbon dioxide and water at room temperature with UV or near-UV light source.

Photocatalysis

-1

The graph shows changes in formaldehyde level in the air that reacts with titanium dioxide-coated Shikkui Marble tiles. In the beginning (-300 min), the tile was exposed to air with formaldehyde level of 1021 ppb in darkness. The concentration of formaldehyde dropped abruptly in the first 20 min, but then slightly increased again until the test tile was exposed to UV-light (0 min). After that, the formaldehyde steadily decreased to minimum and stayed at the lowest level as the photocatalyst mechanism continued.

Process time (min)

Form

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n (p

pb)

-300 -240 -180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180 240

100200300400500600700800900

1000

0

Darkness

UV-illumination

UV

TiO2

(h+)

(e-)

O2-

O2

H2O

-OH

Humidity control

Shikkui Marble with pre-mixed humidity control diatomite powder provides higher moisture control and breathable qualities for interior environment.

The diagram compares the moisture absorption by Shikkui Marble tiles, Shikkui Plaster and ordinary wallpaper (on gypsum board) placed from normal (50%) to high humidity (90%) settings. Shikkui products demonstrate superior humidity control qualities with their ability to significantly absorb moisture in a humid environment and then to release it in a dry environment.

Shikkui Marble

Shikkui PlasterWallpaper with gypsum board

21°C (70°F), humidity=50%

23°C (73°F), humidity=90%

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Elapsed time (hours)48 72 96

Anti-bacteriaThe high alkalinity characteristics of Shikkui Marble that prevent mold, parasites and bad bacteria can be improved with the pre-mixed anti-bacteria powder.

The pictures below show Shikkui Marble tiles put into a liquid with high concentration of bad bacteria. 24 hours later most bacteria on the surface of the tiles with anti-bacteria powder died, but some bacteria on standard Shikkui Marble tiles still existed (however neither Escherichia coli nor Staphylococcus aureus survived)

Shikkui Marble with anti-bacteria powderShikkui Marble

Shikkui Marble - O

ptional functions

Shikkui Marble2.7 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

Far Infrared Rays (FIR)

Far Infrared Rays is one type of electromagnetic waves within the natural light spectrum of sunlight, and is simply a form of energy that heats objects directly through a process called conversion, without having to heat the air in between. Our Sun is the principal source of such radiant energy that we enjoy daily. There are many harmful rays given off by the Sun (incl. the skin damaging UV), but FIR are not among them. The energy is absolutely safe, essential and beneficial for human beings and all living things in the world.

All the above mentioned healing effects of the FIR energy can be experienced in any private or public residence with the special Shikkui Marble floor tiles with the FIR function. The tiles are installed on a floor with heating units and can be used in any living environment, such as a health-care facility, sauna, or just a living room. The best FIR effect is reached at the temperature of 30 C (86 F) or higher.

Far Infrared light and its therapeutic properties have been studied in Japan for over twenty years and are now beginning to become very popular in the West. Japanese researchers and clinicians have completed extensive research on Far Infrared medical treatments and report many amazing discoveries. In Japan, there is an 'Infrared society' composed of medical doctors and physical therapists dedicated to further Infrared research. Their findings support the proven health benefits of Far Infrared therapy as a method of healing.

FIR improve most physical conditions because its effects are nearly universally positive. Studies have shown over 100 benefits such as improved blood circulation, restored youthfulness, toxin and heavy metal reduction, weight control, cellulite reduction, skin cleansing and rejuvenation. Overall it is a clean, safe natural therapy that gets results.

oo

FIR rays

Shikkui Marble tiles with FIR

Heating unit

The high alcalinity characteristics of pleasant-to-touch Shikkui Marble combined with the FIR and anti-bacteria functions make it an ideal and inexpensive FIR-therapy tool for a direct body contact.

Any radiant floor heating system (e.g. electric or hydronic) can be used with FIR Shikkui Marble tiles.

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Shikkui Marble 2.8Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.8 Additional ToolsCutting Blade

Comparison of Alpha Libero-100 (left) and standard Alpha Libero (righ) cutting blades

Alpha Libero-100 has been specifically designed to cut Shikkui Marble tiles without chipping and cracking commonly associated with the dry cutting process, carefully considering the specific composition of this material. The advanced electroplated bond outperforms any other blade when cutting softer grades of Shikkui Marble. When used on angle grinders and wet stone cutters, Alpha? Libero-100 is aggressive and easy to use, which reduces finishing time and saves you raw material. Whether you use this blade in the shop or in the field, it brings you the quality and long life you expect from a premium blade and the convenience of accurate and precise cutting performance on Shikkui Marble.

Construction Adhesives

Protection and Maintenance

For istallation of Shikui Marble tiles, please use any water- or latex-based adhesive for natural limestone of the given sizes.

Product Name

Cutting Edge ThicknessTool ThicknessArborCutting Disc DiameterSpecific ApplicationPart No.

Libero-100

0.056" / 1.4mm0.032" / 0.8mm0.8" / 20mm4" / 100mmShikkui Marble tilesAA70022

Manufacturer Alpha Professional Tools

Like all natural stones, Shikkui Marble is relatively porous. If not properly treated with a protective sealer, water, oils or other liquids can easily penetrate the tiles, leaving behind unwanted stains.

All the above mentioned functions, i.e. protection, maintenance and transformation, are well addressed by the products of DuPont's StoneTech series, which we highly recommend to be used for Shikkui Marble tiles.

Beyond protecting and cleaning Shikkui Marble, sometimes you want to transform the surface to achieve your desired look. If your polished tile is already in great condition, you may get a brilliant shine with a quick spray and wipe. Or you may need some restoration work on a damaged surface.

Once a Shikkui Marble tile is properly sealed, it's protected from everyday spills. Instead of being absorbed into the tile, they will bead up on the surface. When cleaning these messes, it's equally important to use cleaners specially formulated for natural stone. Most general purpose cleaners, acidic and alkaline solutions, abrasives, ammonia or bleach can break down the sealers and damage tile surfaces.

Shikkui Marble - A

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Shikkui Marble2.9 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

2.9 ApplicationInstructions for application

- Shikkui Marble should be handled in a similar way as natural stone, such as marble and limestone.- It is a brittle material just like natural stone, so it is essential to prepare a smooth surface where the tiles are to be attached or laid. If the tiles are to be laid on a floor, it must be solid and not have any flexibility. - It contains lime, and therefore may effloresce if water remains in contact with its surface for a long period of time. Please avoid water splashes.- Shikkui Marble requires surface protection just like marble and limestone, to avoid the gradual forming of stains. Apply permeable protective agent/sealer for stone immediately after the attachment of tiles. - Please note that the surface of Shikkui Marble will change its feel and color over time, just like most natural stones.- Also note that Shikkui Marble may form stains if water attaches to its surface for a long period, just like natural limestone.- If you plan to drill a hole in a tile after attaching it to the wall, for the purposes of setting a rail, mirror or other apparatuses, overall adhesive attachment is recommended. Pointed attachment may result in cracking due to the drilled hole or placement of apparatus.

Location of application

Method Conditions

Pointed adhesiveattachment

Mortar base, gypsumboard base

Overall adhesiveattachment

if a hole is planned tobe drilled after a tile hasbeen attached

Mortar attachment Mortar base

Adhesive attachment

Wooden base

Interior walls

Interior floor

Maintenance tips

- Clean off sand, mud or other objects regularly, and dry light stains with a soft cloth.

- Wipe off normal stains with a damp wrung cloth, and after wipe the tiles well with a dry cloth.

- If a stain does not come off, use a neutral detergent, wipe the tiles with a wet cloth, and wipe them again well with a dry cloth.

- Beverages, seasoning, oil or similar liquid must be wiped off immediately. If such liquid is left on the tiles, staining may result. In particular, fruit juice or alcohol may damage the surface of Shikkui Marble, and change its feel.

- Objects and stains become difficult to remove if left for a long time. It is essential to clean objects and stains off immediately.

- Handling marks and pencil markings may be removed with an eraser.

- Chlorine bleach is effective for coffee and soy sauce stains. Dip cotton pads or similar cloths in bleach, and pile on top of the stain. Remove the cloth pads after about 10 minutes and wipe the tiles with a slightly wet cloth. Do not leave the pile of cloths longer than necessary. A stain that does not come off after repeated tries may be efflorescent.

- Wipe aqueous ink stains lightly with a cloth dipped in neutral detergent or chlorine bleach, and wipe them again with a slightly wet cloth.

- Light oil-based ink stains may be removed by the above method of cloths with chlorine bleach. If the method is not effective, the stains require cleaning by organic solvent. It is recommended to hire a professional cleaner, because pigments may permeate into Shikkui Marble tiles and spread through the cleaning process.

- Do not use any of the following cleaning materials, as damage to the tile surface and change in feel will result: acid detergent, cleanser, glass cleaner or other abrasives, cleaners containing oil, chemical dusters, wire wool, sandpaper, etc.

- Consider using DuPont StoneTech's cleaning agents, combined with a protective sealer of the same product series.

- Cleaning by a professional cleaner is recommended for persistent stains, spots and efflorescence.

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Shikkui Plaster 3.1Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

3.1 Shikkui Plaster - OverviewShikkui Plaster is a traditional Japanese lime plaster made exclusively of natural ingredients, such as slaked lime of high calcium purity, natural fiber, seaweed extracts and other aggregates. An ecological wall finish material, it absorbs CO2 and controls humidity level. Throughout Japan, our Shikkui Plaster has been widely used for both internal and external walls of houses, temples and castles, as well as for ceiling and roofing.

Characteristics

+ Absorbs and reflects light most evenly+ Natural components, no harmful chemicals+ Bleached, purer quality of white tones+ Additional pre-mixed 8 colors+ Natural anti-viral and anti-bacterial effect due to high alkalinity+ Natural anti-static that prevents dust on the surface+ Humidity regulating and breathable+ Made of non-inflammable materials, resulting in excellent fire

resistance+ Slaked lime (or calcium hydroxide) is a recognized disinfectant

of influenza viruses

List of products

Colored Shikkui

Main components of Shikkui Plaster

Cape jasmine (O-101)

Yellow rose (O-102)

Sakura (O-106)

Dawn (O-105)

Sprouts (O-104)

Loquat (O-103)Chive (OS-801)

Tin (O-107)

Main components

Product Application Package Description Shikkui Classic Finish 20 kg pre-mixed powder Standard white Shikkui plaster Shikkui Bright Finish 20 kg pre-mixed powder Shikkui plaster with pulp fiber for extra white surface color

and smooth trowel finishing Colored Shikkui

Finish 20 kg pre-mixed powder Colored Shikkui plaster. Available in 8 colors (s. below).

Shikkui Diatomite

Finish 20 kg pre-mixed powder Colored plaster with relief natural texture. Includes Diatomite powder. Available in 8 colors.

Shikkui Paste Finish 20 kg ready-to-use plaster Ready-to-use alternative to powder-type Shikkui plasters Kodai Shikkui Finish 20 kg ready-to-use plaster Premium Shikkui plaster for exterior and interior surfaces Shikkui Tough Finish 20 kg pre-mixed powder Special durable plaster for severe weather conditions First Coat First coat 20 kg powder First coat plaster for gypsum boards Shikkui Base Base coat 25 kg pre-mixed powder Standard base coat for Shikkui plaster UMP (thin) Base coat ( 4 kg (base) + 2 kg (liquid) ) x 4 set Polymer cement base coat for concrete masonry walls UMM (thick) Base coat 18 kg (base) + 1.8 kg (liquid) x 1 set Polymer cement base coat for making rough surfaces flat Shikkui Oil Oil 360 cc (liquid) 100% natural vegetable oil as waterproofing additive Shikkui Bond Bond 500 cc liquid For wall surface strengthening. To be added in Shikkui

plaster. Shikkui Sealer Sealer 500 cc (liquid) Acrylic resin for sealing of finish on base coat

Slaked lime

Seaweed extracts

Natural fiber

Shikkui Plaster - Application

Shikkui Plaster3.2 Tagawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.

3.2 Application

Use a suitable mechanical mixer to ensure that the plaster and water are evenly mixed. If you need oil, or other additives, add them into the pre-mixed plaster and mix again. The plaster can then be used immediately. If allowed to cure for 1-2 days, it will become better to use.

A. Mixing

Below are basic steps of plastering with Shikkui.

B. Applying base coat

C. Applying plaster

D. Polishing

E. Cleaning

First, cover the whole surface with a thin layer of plaster pressing it to form a good bond to the base. Then apply a sufficient amount of the second layer of plaster to provide the necessary thickness. Finally, while the new plaster is still slightly wet, press it with a trowel hard enough to ensure a smooth surface.

To ensure proper strength and durability of the surface, polish it carefully at least 2 or 3 times using a polishing trowel.

Sweep/clean up the remainder with a wet brush, paying special attention to corners.

The surfaces upon which the plaster will cover must be clean and damp. If necessary, apply Shirokabe Sealer or soak the wall surface well with water spray to prevent the wall sucking the new plaster dry too quickly. Alternatively, apply a thin cement base coat.

If you want a better finish surface, apply "Kodai Shikkui for base" as base coat, and then finish with Shikkui Plaster before the base coat dries up completely. If base coat becomes too dry, either apply Shirokabe Sealer or moisten the surface with water spray.