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Electricity Presentation Outline

135Created for B.W.

ByDick Heckathorn

21 March 2K + 12

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Table of Contents

Day 13 Feb 21 TuesDay 14 Feb 23 Thurs

7 Day 19 Mar 20 Tues__ Day 20 Mar 22 Thurs106 Day 21 Mar 27 Tues125 Day 22 Mar 29 Thurs

Day 19 Jan 31 TuesDay 20 Feb 2 ThursDay 21 Feb 7 TuesDay 22 Feb 9 ThursDay 23 Feb 14 TuesDay 24 Feb 16 Thurs

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Start 103

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Table of Contents

A How many ways can you make a light bulb light?

B How can you make the bulb light when it is not touching the battery?

C How can you explain the mystery circuit?

D Where does the current go?

E Does the size of the battery change the brightness of the bulb?

F Is it wet or is it dry?

G How can you get more than one bulb to light in a circuit?

H What is another way to get more than one bulb to light in a circuit?

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Table of Contents

IUsing two batteries in series

JUsing two batteries in parallel

K How many bulbs with one battery light?

L Quiz: Will the bulbs light?

M How is the strand of 35 Christmas tree lights connected?

N Where are the wires in your mystery package?

O How can you make a simple switch?

P How can you make a 3-way switch?

Q Can mechanical energy be converted into electrical energy?

S Making Battery Holders with rubber bands and clips

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6

Items in Plastic Bag

1. Film canister with bulb and wire

(use with item A, B and C only)

2. D-Cell battery - 1

3. battery holder - 1

4. bulb holder - 2

5 flashlight bulbs – 2

6. 20-cm copper conducting wires – 2

7. envelope with 5 clip leads

8. Christmas bulbs - 4

9. Green wire with bare ends - 6

10. 2“ x 2“ inch cardboard - 3

11. small paper clips - 3

12. brad fasteners - 8

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Items in Plastic Bag

1. Film canister with bulb and wire

(use with item A, B and C only)

2. D-Cell battery - 1

3. battery holder - 1

4. bulb holder - 2

5 flashlight bulbs – 2

6. 20-cm copper conducting wires – 2

7. envelope with 5 clip leads

8. Christmas bulbs - 4

9. Green wire with bare ends - 6

10.2“ x 2“ inch cardboard - 3

11. small paper clips - 3

12.brad fasteners - 8

Info - Assignment

Page 125 – 134? Turn In

Look at 134Assignment

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A. How Many Ways Can You Make A Light Bulb Light?

3A1 p 61

Dry cell

(Flashlight Bulb, Wire) in film canisters in special box

10

1. Using your materials, make your bulb light.

(Be careful ... If you begin to feel heat in the wire remove the wire

from the battery.)

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2. How many different ways can you get your bulb to light?

Did anyone not get a bulb to light?

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3. Draw pictures below of the ways that you got the bulb to light and ways that you did not get it to light.

Ways Bulb Lights

Ways Bulb Did Not Light

3A1 p 61

p 61 – 2nd paragraph under management tips

- all must do

- all adequate time

p 63 – examine first two paragraphs

p 63 - Summary

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14

Look at top and bottom of a battery to see where good contact can be made. (Always check new batteries.

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B. How Many Ways Can You Make a Bulb Light When it is Not

Touching the Dry Cell3A2 p 65

Dry cell

Container with (bulb, 2 wires)

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1. Using your materials, make the bulb light when it is not touching the battery.

2. Draw wires on the picture below to show how you got the bulb to light.

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3. Where must the wire(s) touch the battery to light the bulb?

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4. Where must the wire(s) touch the bulb for it to light?

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5. Make a rule about lighting the bulb using your observations.

3A2 p 65

p 66 – What about using rechargeable batteries?

p 66 – Summary Discussion

- what emphasize?

p 67 – What do you see?

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C. How Can You Explain the Mystery Circuit?

3C1 p 69

Dry cell

Bulb and wire (2)

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1. Test your bulb and battery to make sure that the bulb will light.

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2. Look at the circuit in the drawing below.

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3. The wire is touching the two special places on the bulb. Predict whether the bulb will light. Explain why.

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4. Use your materials to see if the bulb will light.

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5. What did you observe?

6. Explain what happened?

7. Identify the path the electricity travels on the diagram above.

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3C1 p 69

p 69 – management tips

p 69 – Responses to questions

p 69 – Points to emphasize

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D. Where Does the Current Go?3C2 p 71

Dry cellBulb and wires

Bulb holderBattery holder

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2. Make sure your bulb lights.6. What happens to the bulb?3. Predict what will happen when a wire is placed between wires 1 & 2?

5. What happened?4. Try it.

Non-covered wire

Non-covered wire

Page 4

1. Construct the following circuit

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5. What do you predict will happen if you touch the end of wire 1 with the end of wire 2 outside the bulb holder?

1

2

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7. Explain why it happened.6. What happened to the bulb?8. Identify the path the current travels on the diagram above when wires 1 and two are touched .

1

2

3C2 p 71

P 72 – What are the management tips?

P 72 – Responses to questions

P 72 – Summary

- What is a “short circuit?”

- an “easy circuit”

- or an “easier circuit”

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E. DOES THE SIZE OF THE BATTERY CHANGE THE

BRIGHTNESS OF THE BULB? 3D4 p 81

batteries - D, AA, AAA, NiMh

Polaroid Camera

box of old batteries

Christmas tree bulb

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1. Observe the brightness of the bulb when connected to the D-cell battery.

Page 2

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2. How do you think the brightness of the bulb when connected to the D-cell will compare to connecting the bulb to the AAA-cell. Predict, try it, and then write what you found.

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3. What do you observe about the brightness of the bulb when connected to other batteries? Make comparisons to the brightness of the bulb when connected to a D-cell?

AAA

AA

AA - NiMH (rechargeable)

9-volt

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4. Explain why the brightness of the bulb was the same for different batteries.

5. Explain why the brightness of the bulb was different for different batteries.

Page 2

3D4 p 81

A volt is:

Current is:

p 82 – Answers – possible variances

p 82 Web sites

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F. Is It Wet or Dry?5A2 p 117

1 battery to cut aparthacksaw

vicebox of old batteries

pipe cutter

Homework

p 85 – Christmas Tree Lights – a Continuous Series

p 91 – 96 Electric Circuits

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1. Have your instructor cut a D-cell battery apart.

2. What precautions must be taken before one begins cutting apart the battery.

3. Describe what you observe as the battery is cut apart.

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4. Examine the sectional view of the battery. The plus terminal is the carbon rod and the negative terminal is the zinc case. (see box with old batteries in it)

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When the cell is operating, zinc atoms from the negative plate form zinc ions.

At the positive carbon rod, ammonium ions gain electrons, forming ammonia and hydrogen gas.

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The ammonia gas is taken up by the zinc chloride. The hydrogen reacts with the manganese dioxide. Since carbon and zinc are used as the electrodes, the dry cell has a voltage of approximately 1.5 volts.

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If the battery is in constant use, a build-up of gas may occur and cause the case to burst at the weakest point.

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Leakage of the battery may then occur with corrosion of the parts near the battery. Therefore it is essential that one take the batteries out before this occurs.

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Top Washer

Zinc Can (-)

Carbon Rod (+)

Positive Separator flour, starch, andElectrolyte – zinc chloride and ammonium chloride

Metal bottomcover

1 piece metal cover

Wax ring seal

Asphalt seal

Mixture of manganese dioxide, carbon, and electrolyte

Cup and star bottom

Support washer

Carbon - Zinc

Outside cover

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Zinc-AlkalinePositive cover, steel

Can steel

Negative (-) electrode-powered zinc

Current collector-brass

Seal - nylon

Inner cell-steel

Cover-steel (-)

Electrolyte-potassium hydroxide

(+) electrode manganese dioxide, carbon

Separator

Plastic coated paper

Jacket tin plated steel

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5. Have your instructor take apart a 9-volt battery. Describe what is seen.

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G. How Can You Get More Than One Bulb to Light in a Circuit?

3D1 p 73

Dry cell2 bulbs and bulb holders

3 wiresBattery holder

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1. Make sure both bulbs are the same brightness when connected alone with the battery. Then connect one bulb to the battery to make it light.

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2. Add one more bulb in a continuous circuit so that both bulbs light.

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3. What changes in the brightness did you observe when you added the second bulb? How do the brightness of the bulbs compare?

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4. Unscrew one of the bulbs. What do you observe about the other bulb?

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5. Again get both bulbs to light. What do you predict will happen when you remove the other bulb?

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6. Try it. What happens to the other bulb?

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7. Explain your observations?

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8. The circuit you have constructed is called a series circuit. A series circuit is an electric circuit that has a single conducting path through which all charges (electrons) flow.

3D1 p 73

10. Describe what happens to the light bulbs in your home when one goes out?

11. How are the wires in your home connected?

- In series?

P 74 – Summary Points

- Charges flow ___ in a series circuit

- If one bulb goes out other bulbs ___

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I. (H)What is Another Way to Get More Than One Bulb to Light in a Circuit? 3D2 p 75

battery and battery holder2 bulbs and 2 bulb holders 4 20 cm lengths of green wire

Check bulbs

p 77 – Advance Preparation

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1. Get one bulb to light using the dry cell, a bulb, a bulb holder and two pieces of wire.

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2. Add one more bulb in a continuous circuit so that both bulbs are lit.

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3. What change in the brightness of the first bulb did you observe when you added the second bulb? How do the brightness of the bulbs compare?

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4. Predict in writing what you think would happen when you unscrew Bulb A Then do it.

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5. What happened to Bulb B?

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6. Again get both bulbs to light. Predict in writing what will happen when you remove bulb B?

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7. What explanation can you give for what happened?

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8. The circuit you have constructed is called a parallel circuit. A parallel circuit is an electric circuit that has separate conducting paths through each bulb.

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9. Describe what happens to the light bulbs in your home when one bulb burns out.

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10. Do you think the wires in your home are connected in series or in parallel? Explain.

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11. Identify the difference(s) Which is a series circuit and which is a parallel circuit?

3D2 p 75

p 77 – Did you check to see if all bulbs alike?

p 77 – Management Tips

p 77 – Responses to Questions

P 78 – Summary

- Are there different paths?

- How much current goes through each path?

- Unscrew on bulb causes other bulbs to?

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K. (I) Using Two Batteries in Series 3E1 p 87

2 batteries 2 battery holders1 Christmas tree bulb2 green connecting wire

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1. Get one bulb to light.

Page 6

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2. What do you predict will happen to the brightness of the bulb when another battery is added to the circuit as shown?

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3. Add the other battery to the circuit. The second batter is in series with the first battery.

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3. Add the other battery to the circuit. The second batter is in series with the first battery.

Reverse 1 battery

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4. What happens to the brightness of the bulb when the second battery is added?

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5. Explain why the bulb’s brightness changes

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6. Draw the circuit arrangement of the batteries in your calculator.

TI-83+ or TI 84.

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

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7. How are they connected, in series or in parallel?

Why?

The calculator needs 6 volts to operate.

Series

3E1 p 87

p 88 How are batteries connected in series?

positive to negative

p 88 What is maximum number of cells per group? Why?

- If you use Christmas tree bulbs then:

Encourage them to use more than two

When in series the voltage adds

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L. (J) Using Two Cells in Parallel3E2 p 89

2 batteries 2 battery holders1 Christmas tree bulbs2 lengths green wire

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1. Get one bulb to light using one battery, a bulb, and 2 wires. Do not touch the bulb to the cell in the circuit.

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2. What do you predict will happen when another battery is added to the circuit as in the illustration?

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3. Add second battery as in the illustration.

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4. What happened to the brightness of the bulb when the second battery is added?

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5. Why do you think the brightness changed?

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6. Reverse one of the batteries as shown.

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7. What happens to the brightness? Explain

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8. Given a device that uses two or more batteries, how can you determine if they are connected in series or parallel?

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+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

+- +-

Series

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

Series Parallel

3E2 p 89

p 90 How are batteries connected in parallel?

positive to positive, negative to negative

How will the brightness of the bulbs change when a second battery is added? no change

- Encourage them to use more than two batteries connected in parallel

When in series the voltage stays the same

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H. (K) How Many Bulbs Will One Dry Cell Light?

3D3 p 79

battery battery holder5 to 10 Christmas tree bulbs

2-20 cm lengths bare copper wire (18‑20 gauge)

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1. See how many Christmas tree bulbs can you light when you connect one wire of the bulb to one of the copper wires and the other end to the other copy wire.

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2. What do you observe about the brightness of the bulbs already added to the circuit when additional bulbs are added?

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3. Explain why this is so.

3D3 p 79

p 80 – How did it go?

- How were the bulbs connected to the battery?

2. What happened to brightness as bulbs added?

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3D3 p 79

- Is there a way you can use two batteries?

How? Series Parallel

- Connect the batteries in series.

How would this change things?

No brightness change – can do more

- Connect the batteries in parallel.

Brightness change – do more?

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Start Mon Mar

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Day 21 Tues Mar 27

106

Information

Go to Wire a House

p123

107

Turn in old D-Cell

M. How Does a Christmas Tree Bulb Compare to a Flashlight Bulb?

3D5 p 83

Flashlight Bulb

Christmas Tree Bulb

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1. Examine and then draw what you see when you look at the inside the #13 bulb.

2. Show 7 ½ watt bulbs

Page 1

111

3. Next pull the Christmas tree bulb with base out of the holder.

Next pull the bulb out if its holder.

What do you observe?

112

4. What is the path that the electricity must follow in the Christmas tree bulb?

What do you observe?

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5. Ask instructor to demonstrate a 35-bulb strand of Christmas tree lights. Based on what you can see, how are then connected?

6. Present day Christmas tree lights (connected end to end) have the ability to remain lit even when one of the lights goes out.

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Series or Parallel

7. Based on what you can see, how are then connected?

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8. What do you observe when the strand is plugged in?

9. Does this make sense?

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9. Note that Christmas tree lights (connected end to end) have the ability to remain lit even when one of the lights goes out. Can you locate anything inside the bulb that will allow this to happen? If so identify it in the diagram to the right.

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10. What is the path that the electricity must follow in the Christmas tree bulb? Identify the path on your diagram.

11. Obtain a 9-volt battery. Watch the bulb as you connect the 2 wires across the terminals of the battery.

12. If the bulb goes out describe what you observed.

13. If the bulb did not go out, connect a second 9-volt battery to the first and then connect the bulb across the two terminals.

14. When the bulb finally burns out, answer question 7..

15. When the filament burins out you should have seen a flash near the base of the bulb.

16. The current now follows the path as showing thus keeping the path (circuit) complete.

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How 100-Bulb Christmas Strand is Connected

50 bulbs50 bulbs

3D5 p 83

p 85 – Christmas Tree Lights – a Continuous Series

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Lighting a 120-volt Bulb with 9-Volt Battery(s)

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Day 22 Mar 29

125

.Projection Bulb gone

Boxes for wiring a house

Drawing schematics

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 1 9-volt Battery

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 2 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 3 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 4 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 5 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 6 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 7 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 8 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 9 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 10 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 11 9-volt Batteries

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Lighting a 120 volt bulb with 12 9-volt Batteries

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Go to make switch

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N. Where Are the Wires in Your Mystery Box?

3A3 p 97

two pieces of cardboard,

masking tape, or boxChristmas tree bulbbatterybrass fasteners

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1. Look at the apparatus.

(Do not open it.)

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2. You should see the heads of 6 brass fasteners on one side of the cardboard.

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3. Wires under the lid are attached to some of the brass fasteners.

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4. Using the Christmas tree bulb and battery, how can you find out where the wires are without opening the box?

5. Make a test instrument as shown at the right.

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6. Use the unconnected ends to do the testing.

7. Is there a connection between fastener 1 and fastener 2?

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8. Test all the other possible pairs listed below.

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9. Record your observations in the following chart.

Pairs Bulb Lights Pairs Bulb Lights (Yes/No) (Yes/No)

1-2 __________ 2-6 __________ 1-3 __________ 3-4 __________ 1-4 __________ 3-5 __________ 1-5 __________ 3-6 __________ 1-6 __________ 4-5 __________ 2-3 __________ 4-6 __________ 2-4 __________ 5-6 __________ 2-5 __________

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10. Use your observations and draw lines on diagram A, where you think the wires are found in the lid of your box. (Use a pencil so you can erase if you change your mind.)

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11.When you have completed your drawing in diagram A, ask your instructor for the pink card that gives the connections.

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12. On diagram B, draw the wires as they are actually connected.

Did you stay with the investigational spirit by not changing your drawing in diagram A?

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Box 1

1

5 6

43

2

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A

1

5 6

43

2

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B

1

5 6

43

2

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C

1

5 6

43

2

155

D

1

5 6

43

2

156

E1

5 6

43

2

157

F

1

5 6

43

2

158

G

1

5 6

43

2

159

H

1

5 6

43

2

160

I

1

5 6

43

2

161

J

1

5 6

43

2

162

K

1

5 6

43

2

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L

1

5 6

43

2

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13. How do diagrams A and B compare?a. How are they alike?

b. How are they different?

14. If the actual connections drawn in B does not exactly like A, explain why.

3A3 p 75

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166

M. (O) HOW CAN YOU MAKE A SWITCH? P 68

1 2-brad cardboard switch2 3-brad cardboard switch3 green connecting wires

Christmas tree bulbbattery

Bend legs of paper clip to cardboardWrap one end of each wire around brad legsPut brad legs into right slitPlace paper clip over left slitPlace second brad legs into left slit

O. Build a Switch

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1. Cut one slit in the cardboard. Next insert a brad through one end of the paper clip and then insert it into a slit.

2. Locate the slit for the second brad by placing it where the other end of the paper clip will contact the brad when moved over it. Insert a second brad into the slit.

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3. Wrap the end of a green coated wire to one brad and a second wire to the other brad. Bend the brads to the cardboard to keep the wires connected to the brad. (show bottom photo.)

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3. Wrap the end of a green coated wire to one brad and a second wire to the other brad. Bend the brads to the cardboard to keep the wires connected to the brad. (show bottom photo.)

4. Make a circuit by connecting a battery, bulb holder with bulb, and switch. Can you turn the bulb on and off with the switch?

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5. How do you get the bulb to turn on and off?

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Q. (P) How Can You Make aThree-Way Switch

Constructing a 3-Way Switch

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Constructing a 3-Way Switch

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1. Remove the single switch and replace it with two 3-way cardboard switches. Draw the circuit.

Building a 3-Way Switch

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2. Next replace the single switch with two 3-way switches.

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4. Practice turning the bulb on and off using the two individual switches.

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4. Get your instructor to inspect the switch if you are having problems?

5. Make a drawing of the circuit with the switches in the position that the bulb is lit.

6. Make a drawing of the circuit with the switches in the position that the bulb is not lit.

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7. Where around your house are 3-way switches?

P 68

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P. Quiz: Will the Bulb Light?

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

189

Will it light?

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Will it light?

21

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Will it light?

24

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Will it light?

22

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Will it light?

23

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

26

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Will it light?

32

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

27

200

Will it light?

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201

Will it light?

202

Will it light?

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

29

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Will it light?

30

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

28

209

Will it light?

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Will it light?

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Will it light?

25

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Q. Can Mechanical Energy Be Converted Into Electrical Energy?

5B2 p 95

Gencons, Christmas tree bulb, capacitor

1. Remove the gencon from the box, then plug in the cord.

2. Connect each clip of the gencon wire to one of the wires of a Christmas tree bulb.

3. With one person continually turning the gencon, have another person disconnect and then reconnect one of the Christmas bulb wires a few times.

4. What does the person turning the gencon feel?

5. Next connect the two clips of one of the gencon wires to the two clips to of other gencon wires.

6. With one person holding one of the gencons, have the other person turn their gencone handle.

7. What do you observe?

8. Turn the gencon handle in the opposite direction.

9. What do you observe?

10.Switch the clips that one gencon is connected to the other gencon clips.

11.What happens this time?

12. With the other person turning their gencon handle, repeat items 6-11.

13. Have one person turn their handle for 10 turns. Count and record the number of turns the other gencon turns.

14. Repeat #13 with the other person turning their gencon 10 turns and counting the number of turns the other gencon handle turns. Is it the same?

15. If not can you reinvestigate to find out why? Your conclusion?

16. What did you find that made a difference in the number of turns?

17. Connect the two clips of a gencon to the a different spike of the green capacitor.

18. Turn the handle of the gencon 10 turns and then let go of the handle.

19. What do you observe?

20. Why did the gencon keep turning?

21. Turn the generator 10 times and count the number of turns on its own. Repeat a few times and record your results.

220

S. Wiring a Housep 123

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235

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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Making a Battery Holder

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That’s all folks!