15
. 1~-1 'Ift=r- -~!11~,11~ 1~-~5 '~tiitt~~| =3=jr d~ 1 114 i,- Uli, _ " - r- =JI . - . y-' 1~1, i 1111,11*Iilll_ZI I - 1 - I - ~ '111 ¥9- I... 7·2 _L =1= .-/ - + ci4f- I lilli u ly 1 1 . I-/I ' F _ - - I-- *- I III L~~~~65,-I,,- - 1 . --~·~-_~1' '1=-- f-tri- lnK- ~=EE 7 -- -~ ~ , F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - , 2-21#il .... -, 11=~Ii!111 ------ v-- . I 26 1[~@p-1-!F t~f 4 45 TI Successor to "DAKOTA FLYER" - I 1 Z. I -- MAY 1949 20c + I.a A - U & 1 1,1 4 . 1 -1 ' L rv, ''' = ·TF·' -*."'*'AC"/-4'AC-~/ t..49£tiA, Qi'~MLA/Adl1M1q~8*l/MIBIHFIEW/M#1/1/1#MH~~ _F ABRONCA SEDAN ~ E .-F - 1 1: + ' r - :If- - I 4 -/vutoiton in 1/~0 * 5 -' a I 3.- f 29= 1 h 'P?ortl Central Flated -- , -~~ ~- ZE-L 41 J.r - 1 3/ r' _-_ 1 . . 1= 1 1= i f = 4." e .-- 47 11. «1,1 'i -- ---- rr ~ ~ 4~4--5 »*1~ 12 1-tI j er=-#. -_ ' f.1 _---tr]- -6

1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

.

1~-1

'Ift=r- -~!11~, 11~ 1~-~5 '~tiitt~~| =3=jr d~ 1 114 i,- Uli, _ " -r- =JI . -

.

y-' 1~1, i 1111,11*Iilll_ZI I - 1 - I- ~ '111 ¥9- I... 7·2 _L =1= .-/ -

+ ci4f- I lilli u ly 1 1 .I-/I ' F _ - -

I-- *- I III L~~~~65,-I,,- -1 . --~·~-_~1' '1=-- f-tri- lnK- ~=EE 7 -- -~ ~ ,F

- -Ii .--

-

- - 42 3 - ,2-21#il.... -,

11=~Ii!111 ------ v--.I 26

1[~@p-1-!F t~f4 45 TI Successor to "DAKOTA FLYER"

- I

1 Z. I --

MAY 1949 20c

+ I.a A

-

U

&

1 1,1

4

.1

-1'

L

rv, '''

=

·TF·'

-*."'*'AC"/-4'AC-~/ t..49£tiA, Qi'~MLA/Adl1M1q~8*l/MIBIHFIEW/M#1/1/1#MH~~ _F

ABRONCA SEDAN ~E

.-F-

1 1:+ ' r - :If-- I-4 -/vutoiton in 1/~0 * 5 -' a

I 3.- f 29= 1 h-

'P?ortl Central Flated --

, -~~ ~- ZE-L 41 J.r - 13/ r' _-_ 1 . . 1= 1 1= i f = 4."

e.-- 47

11. «1,1

'i

------

rr ~ ~ 4~4--5 »*1~ 12 1-tI j

er=-#. -_ ' f.1 _---tr]- -6

Page 2: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

. .

K 1¤8*D¢11*n¢11*i*11*mil;¢mmil*11*11*11*11*11*11¤113~1*11*11*11*11*11*1~*11*1*11*11*11¤11:Cl*11*11]fll*11*1*11*11*11*iIi; '1 i '0' '11' 11' U' 11' -11' 11: 11 11-:11':'11: 11 '11' 11: 11: MI : 11: 11 11 11' u 11 1 11 11 41¤11;_

n *1¤

113(1

*111:1

*uitixi

t*mux

IMMI

13:11

*1*DE

IXD4*1

1*1*1*

1¤11

¤11*1

1¤1*1

1¤12

*1*11

*11¤1

1*11*1

1¤1!*

11¤1

1¤11

¤11*1

1 LU

.JUE

'Enl

IMI]~

11El

l#JO

iL#A

EMM

#~ak

#JIM

IIall#

IM

World's ChampionAIR SHOW

The Famous #3 13 TIGERS AIR CIRCUSGREATEST AIR SHOW EVER ASSEMBLED

The Feature at the following Cities the past Two Years:International Air Fah·-Detroit, Mich.Minnesota State Air Fair-Alexandria, Minn.North Dakota State Air Fair-Valley City, No. Dak.Wisconsin State Air Fair-Janesville. Wise.Canadian Internal:unal Air Fair-WinnipegChicago Air ShowMinneapolis Air ShowOmaha, Nebraska, Air ShowDavenport, Iowa, Air Show

- Waterloo, Iowa, Air ShowBurlington, Iowa, Air ShowWorthington. Minnesota, Air Show

. . . and Dozens of Others !

NO AIR SHOW COMPLETE UNLESS YOU HAVE THE TIGERS

UNDER DIRECTI[ON RAY L. DOAN

The Tigers appeared in more .shows last year than all other shows combined ,

SEE PRECISION ACROBATICS BY EXPERTSThrilling ... Daring... Sensational

COMING YOUR WAY IN JUNE -JULY

For Information on Dates and Terms )Contact

The Central FlyerAttention: CARL THOMPSON -

BOX 232 MARTIN, SO. DAK.

1¤1#10(Il*11*1*11¤11*11*11*11*11¤11)41¤11*11¤11¤11*11¤11#1*HWAD(1*11*1#1*11#11)(11¤11*11*11*11*11*11*11*11*~D(~1*1*11*11¤1~*11XINID<ID:IMX11*11*11*1*11*11*ixl~¤11*#11*11*11*11*D:*11*11¤11¤11*1, i

Page 3: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

~AVIATION IN THE NORTHCENTRAL STATES"

C A-N.A 0 Tailwind Tattlermmill,mmimimillilill[1~1111•1111•Ililmlillililillil~MOMTANA WORM M

Several readers have written to~(41.: DAKOTA -ff»,

MINMESOTA ask if the airlines wire traimngWISMONjl N48~#914~~~~ **~ - girls as stewardesses? Seems bhey

IDAHO tractive type of employment. Wewant to apply for that very at-

WYOMING .5* . ..- tx)ok a quick look - see and fmd,L IOWA that a couple of the airlmes AREUTAH f89 hlrlng glrls agaan. Notably Umt-COLGRADO NEB'RASKA ~,OURI c d Air Lmes who expect to train

200 girls for that purpose TheyKANjAs graduate 36 ,student-stewardesses

CENTRAL FLYER be between 21 and 26 years of age,every 4 weeks. Applicants must

MARTIN, SOUTH DAKOTA unmarried and with one or twoyears of college - or - one yearof business and one yea,r of col-Vol. IV MAY, 1949 No. 5 lege - or - be a registerednurse ! If this column can be ofPURPOSE: "To grve mformation with exactness of truth; not to omit assistance to readers, let us know,anything that the public has a right to know; to use always an im- huh?

personal, yet proper, style without preJudice to ngorous and forcefulcritical thought"

Editor .................................. .......................................CARL THOMPSON In case you're hooked with adouble feature, and MUST seeAdvertising and Circulation .......................................ETT A THOMPSON

Associate EditoI .......................................................... Edgiar Bauman that latest George Raft hunka-unk movie (in order to see aN. D. Editor. .... ....... .. Marie Gress, Box 624, Dickinson, North Dakota GOOD pcture) hwve a laugh when

One Year Subscription--2.00 you see him take off ma B-23 ...and LAND (presumably on theAdvertising Rates Furnished Upon Request same trip t ) in ' a DC-3. We knowabout refuelmg m mid-air - but

CIVIL AERONAUTES ADMINISTRATION swapping planes m the blue yon-Third Region der? Nh-Nh! 1

ITINERARY FOR MAY, 1949MAY 4-Wednesday .... Municipal Airport

Baudetto, Mmnesota ... ............ . .... .. -Aircraft, Flight & Written The A. V. Roe Company Up inMAY 5 --Thursday .... Municipal Airport Canada are banging right along

Bemidji, Minnesota ............... ......... .. Aircraft, Flight & Written on what will be the world's firstALAY 6-Friday ... Municipal Airport jet alrlmer 1 Orlgmally 12 'was ex-

Grtand Forks, N. Dak. . . ........... .... .. .Aircraft, Flight & Written pected to make its first flight byMAY 11-Wednesday ... Municipal Airport March lst. Now we learn that it

Jamestown, N. Dak. ... .... .... . . .. ... ...Aircraft, Flight & Written won't fly before June or July. But*~VIAY 12-Thursday ... Municipal Airport they're STILL 'way ahead of us!

Bismarck, N. Dak. ....... .............. .......... Aircraft, Flight & WrittenMAY 13«Friday .... Port O'Minot #8*f

Minot, N. Dak. ........ ................. ........... Aircraft, Flight & Written Here sre a few little knownMAY 25-Wednesday .... Municipal Airport facts Did you know - that in

Williston, N. Dak. ................. ..............Aircraft, Flight & Written one day planes using La.GuardiaMAY 26-Thursday ... Worth Field Field in New York are filled with

Dickmson, North Dakota .... . ....... .... Aircraft, Flight & Wntten 175,0000 gall,ons of high-octaneWritten Examirations may be taken Monday through Friday of any gasoline - more than the Berlin

week at 209 Walker Bldg., Fargo, N. D Aircraft Inspections and Flight Air Lift requires in a month.

Tests at Hector Field, Fargo, may be secured by appointmen~ only. That the highest recorded alt;i-tude ever res,ched by a human is

Fifth Region 72,395 feet -and that tremendousAVIATION SAFETY DISTRICT OFFICE No. 8 height wasn't reached m a new

Jet plane It was made in a bal-ITINERARY FOR MAY, 1949 loon in 1935; a

MAY 2-[Monday .... Mumcipal Airport That the first free-flight para-aslo 9, 16, 23,31 Huron S. Dak. .........Aircraft, Flight & Written chute Jump was made 150 yeers

ago. Back in 1797, a FrenchmanMAY 5-Thursday .. Municipal Airport named Garnerin jumped success-Watertown, S Dak. .......... ... ....... . .... An·craft, Flight, Written fully from a balloon 2,000 feet(Contmued on Page 5) above Paris.

FOR MAY, 1949 PAGE THRFE

Page 4: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

.

Official PublicationSTATE AERONAUTICAL NEWS

For North DakotaMORE RIGID SAFETY VIOLATOR'S TRIED WINNIPEG OR BUST! ! !STANDARDS; AND -- -ENFORCEMENT NEEDED According to Harold G Vavra, The Pegasus Flying Club ofActing Director of the North Da- Watertown and vicinitly is plan-kota Aeronautics Commission the ning an International Flight toThe Aeronautics Commission following vidators of the State Winnipeg, Canada on June 10th,revealed today that there has Aeronautics Laws of Sbute Game ll,th, 12th. All pilots and otherbeen an excessive number of sen- and Fish Laws have been appre- aviation enthusiasts who are in-ous aircraft accidents since Jan- hended and tried and convicted tel'ested are invited to join this *uary 1, 1949 in the aerial hunting in court. Glen Hay, Delton flight which will arrive in Winni-of predatory animals due to both Schwanz and Glenn Dohmstreich Peg during their celebration of ~violation of safety regulations and al pilots from Crosby, North Da- the 75th Anniversary of thecarelessness on the part of either kota on charges of Herial hunting founding of the town. It is antici-the pilot or gunner. One accident of predatory animals without a Dated that as many as 100 to 200near Hensel, North Dakota in state Game and Fish Department South Dakota People will be onJanuary, 1949 involved a student Permit nor a state low flying this flight Arrangements forpilot with a passenger The pilot waiver. Each man mas flned $10 clearing customs, and for reser-was neither qualified to carry a Plus costs by the Justice Court, vatzons Bre being made. A cordlalpassenger nor hunt predatory an. Crosby, N. Dak. invitation to come to Wmmpegimals by alr The pilot was in di- Paul Olson, Aneta, 'North Da has been extended by the city intorect violation of safety regulations kota charged with low flying and all pilots from this area who candesigned for his own welfare An- repeated buzzing of the village of make the flight.obher s,ccident in January 1949 McVille, North Dakota Olson was No charge lS being made by thenear Ray, North Dakota, involved convicted in District Court 'a,t Pegasus Flying Club for partiesa gunner and pilot with only 140 Grand Forks, April 4, 1949 and who are not members who Joinhours of total flying experience fined $25. this flight However, in order towho was unqualified to undertake A complaint also has been filed Club ls askmg for a deposit of $10

arrange reservations, etc., thethe aerial hunting of predatory with the Commission concerning per person for all who wish to go. 1animals. A pilot must heve atleast 400 hours of flying exper- a pilot, Orville H. Alexander, Het- This deposit will be refunded to ]lence to qualify. tinger, North Dakota alleging low the members when they assemble 1 -A recent aerial hunting acci- and reckless flying over ranches at Watertown. Deposits may be isent to Dr L J Moriarty, Pres., 4dent near Kief, North Dakota re_ and farms near Hettinger end or to Miss Elaine Canty, Treas,suited in two fatalities investiga- hunting predatory animals with- 030 Pegasus Flying Club, Water-tion of which 18 being continued cut a State Game and Fish per- town, South Dakota. Depositsby both the Civil Aeronautics Ad- Init. The State Patrol at Hetting_ must be received by Y[ay loth inmmistration and the State Aero-nall'ties Commission. The Com- er m investigating the charges order for the Club to make reser-According to Visvra many of the viltions in advance.mission has under considerationmore rigid safety standards gov- aircraft accidents occuring since Present plans call for the In-January 1, 1949 have resulted ternational Flight to assemble at ,erning both the pilot and gunner. flom reckless and careless opera- Watertown Municipal Airport inFast experience has indicated tion of aircraft. Steps are being time to depart by 8,00 am. onthat carelessness and inexperienceof the gunner may also be a con- taken to prosecute knotwn viola- Friday, June 10th While littletions difficulty is anticipated in clear-tributing factor to the excessiveaccidents occur'ing m aerial Anton J. Schmaltz, Belle ing customs, all pilots are remind-Fourche, South Dakota flying an ed that airworthiness certificates.huntlng.

anplane owned by Skyways Air registration papers, and airplaneService, Newell, South Dakota operations records. as well as Pi-MOONEY MrrE with 65-h p cracked up the airplane, Saturday lot certificates should be in or-Lycoming PerformBnce breath- April 2 on an attempted take-off den All pilots are urged to bringtaking, with cruising speed at from a wet and muddy fErm their own tie-downs. Winnipeg is125 m p h. at 10,000 feet, about field down-wind at Linton, North 350 miles directly north of Water-115 at sea level (at 50 per cent Daktoa The airplane failed to town Aberdeen, Fargo, and Minothosepower). Ship climbed 1,100 gain flying speed due to the Sectional maps will cover the en-f pm. with gear down Single- grjound condition, crashing tire flight. Maps will be availableseater stalls at 40, can safely through two fences across a road at Waterbown.operate from 500-foot strip with over a hill into G swamp Theclear pwpproaches Fuel consump- landing gear was broken loose and A Pilot who pre-flightstion 3 to 4gph Plane already the right wing damaged. Pilot In three minutes flat-has CAA type certificate, 18 on Schmaltz sufferd & slight cut on Is apt to be killedmarket at $1,995. theforehead. In much less than that!PAGE FOUR CENTRAL FLYER

Page 5: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

..

CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION MARIE GRESS APPOINTED1 (Continued from Page 3 + 434 0,4 44' " rm"

MAY 12-Thursday .... Rickenb'acker Field ... . ". 1Stevens, South Dalkota ................. - Aircraft, Flight & Written *MAY 19-Thursday .... Rushmore Field, Rapid City, South Dakota ..... ..... .. .. Aircraft, Flight & Written v+ I~, May 26-Thursday .... Municipal

Lemon South Dakota .._.... ...............Aircraft, Flight & Written } . 49.....I * 0 . 'AVIATION SAFETY DISTRICT OFFICE NO. 4

MAY 4- Wednesday .... Municipil Airport . il.4, '. 1<~ MAY 9 - Monday .._. Municipal Airport , 4 0. .#

Riverton, Wyo. ..._... .- ........................... Flight & Written. I. 1

also 16 and 23 Cheyenne, Wyo ..... .... .... ........ Flight & Written ·· 4/4,

+~ MAY 17- Tuesday .... Wardwell Field * 6Casper, Wyo. .. ..... . ..... .. .... .......... .- .. . ....... -- Flight & Written 9, :4 .. 1 +MAY 18 - Wednesday ... Municipal Airport 4/90 .

MAY 18 - Wednesday .... Municipal AirportGreybull, Wyo ....... ........... ........ .............. ..... ....................Aircraft ,Marie , Gress, former Associate

MAY 24-Tuesday ._.. Brees Airport Editor of the Dakota Flyer hasLaramle, Wyo ........ . ........ ........ ....... ... ........ . -...Flight & Written been appointed North Dakota

Editor for the }CENTRAL FLY-Agents will be at itinerary Points shown until 11 00 a m If no ER. The appointment has beenapplicants have appeared or arranged for appointments by that time, made to fill the ever increasingthe agents may proceed to next assignment. Aircraft examinetion by need for local state managmentapI>oantment only, on dates shown of personal aviation news Miss

Gress understands the problemsHOLD EVERYTHING the occupants and an attempt to of the private personal flying, be-

lower flaps resulted ln the plane ing a, pilot herself and formerlybanking sharply to the left wing employed at the Dickinson Muni-A mid-air collision last March tip striking the ground " cipal Airport. For the presentresulted m death to the two oc- time she,will also act as Adver-cupants of one plane because This lesult is in contrast to the tising and Circulation for Norththey did not lealize the nature of experience of the pilot of a twin Dakota alsomotor transport which lost thethe damage to ,their shipwmg tips and both axler·ons in a Several applicant's are being

Acoording to C. A. B report, bout with turbulent air. Having considered for Editorial positions"Witnesses stated th:,t the plane, regamed control, this pilot held in other states covered by theseemmgly under control, glided the ship in level fllght for several CENTRAL FLYER.toward a field but as it approach- minutes and then cautiouslyed the ground the left wing drop- climbed. At a safer altitude, he A new model Jet fighter con-Ped and the tip struck the ground glngerly trled out the plane to tains 7,000 feet of electrical wir-causing the plane to cartwheel. find out,what its flight charact_ ing, 1500 feet of tubmg.

"It appears that the propeller eristics might be in its damagedt.of the other plane stmick the un- condition. This testing enabled Capacity of a new freight planederside of this ship's left wing, him bo brlng In a seriously dam- is SO great that 60 of them couldtearing off the left flap Loss of aged plane without mjury to him- take the place of 210 standardthe flap was evidently unknown to self or any member of,the crew Berlin Air Lift planes.

AVIATION INSURANCE(Old Line Stock Companies)

COMPLETE COVERAGES OF ALL TYPES AVAILABLE TO THECOMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE OPERATORSI Our Agency ls privileged in having the best (and most economical) liability and property dam-age Aircraft reporting form policy available. (Names of Commerical operators presently writ-ten available upon request.)

*** *** ***AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE (CROP DUSTING, SPRAYING AND SEEDING)• is now available to commerical operators Application should be made eally to assure promptunderwriting. Your Inquiries regarding "Crop Dusting" insurance ls cordially inVited,

Bismarck insurance Agency, Inc.Phone 877 Corner Third & Main Bismarek, No. Dak."BISMARCICS AVIATION INSURANCE HEADQUARTERS"

FOR MAY, 1949 PAGE FIVE

Page 6: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

.

ture, America's most important.1+ 4 + .-~ industry." .

« 4 - Carl Hewitt, Pipestone, Minn.,1«I _* pointed out, "When we are work-4 4 ing with farmers, we're working

' with one of the fmest groups in, the land -But he 18 golng to m-+ 4 4 sist on getting his money's

. worth.".

, Eldon Sorensen, Worthington,+ + Minn, expressed the need for

+ 1 gaining the confidence of the-

. farmer. "We have to have the+ + 4 + willpower to turn down jobs on

. * which we know we cannot do a.

+ 8. good Job. We hsve to know the4

. * ~~ .,+ ~ chemicals in an area, and we14 /4 , hazards of spraymg weed control.

+ 1I.- · + . have to know which chemicalsI .- I .- I will control which weeds at spec-+

./ 1- 2 1 , : }fic stages of groiwth "- Sorensen also explained that he

Pilots attending the South Dakota aerial spray ing school estimsted he has been turnmgand demonstration at Presho, Apnl 19 and 20, showed keen interest down five percent of the Jobs of-in the new pump assembly and positive shutoff system developed by, fered him because, for some rea-Eldon Sorensen, Worthington, Minn. Shown in the above picture are, son or another, he felt he would-left to right· Sorensen, Walter Ball, Huron, and Bill Moier, Sioux not be able to do a good Job.Falls The pilot at extreme right lS unidentified. A-ast year, Carl Thompson, Mar-

tin flyer, sprayed about 17,000SOUTH DAKOTA FLYERS Berlal weed spraying Both Han- acres during a three-weeks sea-STUDY WEED CONTROL son and L V. Ausman, state sec- son A good day's work would cov-

retary of agriculture, Pierre, dis- er 1,000 Ecres In addition to hisPROBLEMS AT PRESHO cussed the new 1949 regulations flying, Thompson is editor of theon airplane spraying It is ex- -Central Flyer," a magazine pub-pected that these new regulations lished for pilots and airmen in

by Carl W. W. Sorenson will be made effective about the north central states. In theAssistant Extension Editor SDSC June 1 In the meantime, the old April issue of the magazme he be-

regulatoms will be in effect gan a series of editorials on aer-South Dakota's weed control

program got an additional "shot Several airplane pilots express- ial weed control problems.

in the arm" April 19th and 20th ed enthusiasm about the prospect At the Presho meeting, Cha'les

when sbout 70 airplane pilots of building a strong tieup between J. Gilbert, state weed supervisorand chairman of the school, en-from South Dakota and surround- the flying industry and agricul- couraged the pilots to enter theing states showed interest in aer- ture blismess of spraying weeds as alal spraying at the state wide

school and demonstration at Walter Ball, Huron, said, "This service to South Dak,ota agrlcul-

Presho, S. D. 6 one of the biggest opportum- ture. Gilbert also expressed the ---~...- -'~

ties the airplane industry m belief that there would be a lot ' -Purpose of the school was to South Dakota has ever had-it's ,teach weed identification, recom-

mended control methods, reguls- a chance to tie up with agricul- (Continued on Page 11)

tions concerning aerial spraymgand other information needed topass the written examination forPermit to spray South Dakotaciops and grassland with an enr-plane. ~'€~4!lb*

"It was one of the finest andmost enthusiastic schools of its *»11)kmd I have attended," said Dr.L. M Stahler, USDA agronomist ,in charge of weed research in 13midwest st,tes, Brookings. Stahler

.was one of the speakers at thetwo-day school.

L. V. Hanson, secretary of thestate aeronautics commission,Pierre, commended the state and .,-9#1*~--

s~rechl wwoe~kders~~r lisbe a~dterreest re (-2-/ 4 06 Rthey have shown in encouragingPAGE SIX CENTRAL FLYER

Page 7: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

1/

CAP Shows Flooded Areas the Mercy WingsHigh Value of Personal Planes Es«= it , ~ - .*· ~ ~~,3~

The Civil Air Patrol, which men In February, two men War- /r=,c Ir; L ~4,y: ,_-' -5'.' ',:~1-Y'j,~ ','t ,gained a new respect from people rant Officer John Huff and Ob- h 4 'h ,-i -in stricken areas of the U S. this server Willam O'Brien, lost their . ,# ,i, 1.,11- rwinter, now is geared up to fight lives when their plane struck an ra new menace - floods. unseen wire while ,droppmg a

Officials of the CAP, a volun- message at a farmhouse near Al- , ***SEP» 8/ 696 :-'= 0 .<I).-4-4

teer auxill,ary of the U S Alr hance, Nebraska. , ---2-91%..· t/ARMTForce, have prepared their Mis- On another occasion, Captam a ~r··'~-

Eouri, Nebraska and Ifansas wings 1VIatt Brenan received a broken -I *„- ...'. .:Ill. ~=particularly for this flood patrol arm , ankle a n d concussion m aand relief work Other 'State mishap while attempting to evac-Wings are ready to lend their as- uate a marooned family. This msistance Spring thaws already devotion to duty, incidentally, .9= .-are causing new hardships to carries with it no promise of dis- E<- -people m these plains states. ability payments or pensions from

Experts who have worked m the government All the CAP re_ Typ;cal of scenes be:ng roenacted this spring

the snow areas this winter say lt ceives is the gas and incidental . this photo of a CAP plane patrolling aflood area.

will take a miracle of good weath- supplies needed for the Job. ,er to thaw the deep snows so Snow Rescue THERE HE GOESgladually as to avoid floods m Typical of the heroic missions HERE HE COMESthe }Chadron area of Nebraska,for _ example, these snowfalls carried out lit snow-swept Ne- A pilot left Martin, South Da-reached 61 2 inches dunng the braska was the time a CAP pilot keta April 6 and leisurely flewmonth of January done. spotted a distress signal at a to Pierre, So Dak At three the

Hed ge-hopping CAP pilots, school house almost buried in the same afternoon he boarded ancruising over flooded areas, will snow. After the hazardous land- airline and in the next few hoursbe able to gauge the movement mg, he discovered a teacher and made stops at Minneapolis,of load crests and fly ahead and two pupils huddled m the door- Chicago, Dayton and Middleton,drop warnings to people m the way. Together, they trampled a Ohio After visiting the Aeronealikely path of water, as well as runway in the snow and he hauled fateory the next morning he flewperforming rescue evscuation and them out. back to, Yes you guessed lt, Thesupply missions Durmg the 27- In these relief missions, how- same old grind m South Dakota.day blizzard emergency, these ever, it isn't Just the pilots whopersonal plane pilots were out of- work around the clock to help "N" OR "NC" 9 confusion overten from daylight to dusk, drop- stifferers. Supporting those light requirements af regulation drop-ping messages containing emer- planes are ground crews. In the ping "IC" has brought numerousgency instructions wrapped Nebraska, emergency these ground 1nqulrles Here's what law re-around old spark plugs and crews worked with shovels, trac- quires that, after second letter istrailing gaudy streamers, pickinZ tors, and power plows to keep removed from planes now earry-up snow-bound autoists snd in- runways open. At Scottsbluff, one ing ti, owner must move "N" toJured persons, as well as dropping of the hardfelt hit areas, the right to fill in space. Blank space

s~,, food to humans and animals whole town quit work for two or dash in place of removed let-Durmg the recent heavy snows days and pitched in with the ter not permissable All obsoleted

.&

many mni©r accidents and narrow CAP to dig a path to the airport letters must be off planes by Jan-escapes were daily fare of these . and clear the runway. uary, 1951.

, -- '44*g**3,4#11*8*BAn*Ii:11*1*11*Wn#11*BAIM,1¤11¤11*11*11*11*IMA11¤11*11]4*; AMII¤11¤113(11*!¤11*11¤11¤11*11*11¤11:f~ImXl)¤11*11*11*11¤11*Il)~11*11¤11*11:<li:fll*11*U):1*11*11¤11*11*11)(11*11*1*11*11*11*11*11¤!,X

gott re vveiconte at a

9 x

,(IN

EIx

ll*11

*8*D

ED

:11¤

MN

*WM

MR

MM

WA

MP

#

11 , qA D *

Municipal Airport - - Grafton, N. Dak. =,c:f~~~~~ /bessna (Now under new Management)-- X6-0-Z: E

The Pilot'$ Airplane K

CESSNA SALES & SERVICE 0* I

Flight instruction and Charter Service aAH

MOBILGAS--- Credit Cards Honored - - - MOBILOIL ~

GRAFTON AERO ,SERVICE, Inc.ic

1*~*11¤D11¤11*11*11¤11¤11¤DED41¤11*113:11*11¤11¤11¤11¤11¤11*11¤De:03:11][~¤1¤11¤11*11:(11*11,41¤11¤11¤11~11*11*Ilx~¤11*11¤11¤11)41¤11¤11~1341¤11*11¤1*113:11¤11)41¤113(11¤11*11¤11*D(11¤1*11¤11¤1~11¤11¤11¤11¤ 1*

FOR MAY, 1949 PAGE SEVEN

Page 8: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

i ............IL<-

Ever chase a train in your car?-A LETTER -- · - duce elly desired shaking force up - And that's the question of how

Listen to this one. (Reproduced, with permission, to five pounds. A filter is provid- much advertismg should the Per-

When a United Air Lmes flight from NAVAL AVIATION NEWS -FAVIATION- ed to eliminiate radio-frequency sonal Plsne Manufacturers do in

Pulled up to the blocks at Elko, Magazine)) noise. The entire vibrator, mclud- the aviation papers (llke this one

Nevada. a couple of weeks ago, a Sirs My flying machine, as Mr. NEWS and VIEWS ing the filter, weighs only 106 for instance !!!) that contmue

Beecheraft Bonanza was right Towers probably has told you, is

behind it. The pilot of the light not in my opinion fit for use. I By EDGAR BAUMAN pounds. week after week to give their pro-The Globe mdicator was design- ducts free and valuable white

plane climbed out and asked if bullt lt fr OIn parts of the Burgess ed orginally at the request of space !the United flight was going to F and Winght B, which are not same picked crew thmt flew Hope hehcopters, but four are vener- North American Aviation for use Tlme and again this reporter

Sacramento. He said he was a exactly alike, and nothing fitted on that first tour, the giant DIC- able old Ford tln-motors oIl its F-86 fighter aircraft. It is has given an occasional idea or

rancher and had to get there that I had to cut off and Patch UP 6 is going to land at 20 cities in Planes are used for spotting particularly useful on Jet planes, thought to the AIA'S Personal

evening. In fact, he had been parts and bore additional holes m 15 states. It's a lather easy tour- and fighting fires, counting ant- whose maximum speed is so great Plane Council - but usually get

chasing this particular flight for beams to make them fit. Hope's taking 15 days to touch mals on ranges, spottlng beaver that a pilot must be warned m- nowheres - in a hurry ! It's Just

10 miles hoping it was the right The engine bed, made by Bur- that score of cities, and in each dams and houses, and making it stantaneausly when a stall is im- ducky for the AIA to tell the fix-

one. It was. gess, was not exactly square with one standing-room only crowds tough on,fish and game law vio- mment. Although he may ignore ed base operators how to profitthe front beam, so the engine had forecast for the comedian With laters. They extend wild life man- a signal which flashes a red light by public relations, - but looka

to be mounted a httle out of him will be a troupe of 40 music- agement to remote areas and ov- on the panel or toots e horn, he AIA, how about getting thosetrue. I have made more than 200 lans and singers and together ercome the obstacles of winter will mstinctively seek to correct personal plane manufacturers to

Brutherrr ! Not that we feel like flights m this machme and re- they'll make 24 personal appear- Beather. Probably their major his position when the stick is -practice a little of what theyprinting a plug for a magazine,ibut You MUST read an article m cently, m spite of unusual care of ance performances as well as two role has been the flying of sup- shaken, since his pnmary concern preach." As one aviation maga-

this month's Cosmopolitan titled myself and men, something network broadcasts. plies of medicince, food, camp is with controlling the plane. zine publisher told me recently -

"DAMN FOOLS IN THE AIR" seems to vibrate loose or off a Last time he took his boys on equipment and tools mto isolated "If the aviation mdustry thinks

The sub-title states that "there majority of the flights made. tour, he found OUt JUSt how much sections of America/s six-hundred "AIN'T DOIN' RIGHT I'm going to continue indefinite-One of the propeller shafts is ground a modern DC-6 can cov- million acres of forest land. ly belng a benefactor for them

are no stupidler people anywhere the same one used with the gyro er He appeared in 33 cities in 26 The forest service also runs the BY US" ! they're crazy' 1 He just folded u{Pthan those who fly private planes motor on the old machine. It is days despite the worst winter only "airplane saw mill- in the An interesting booklet has his publication wiith an "th' HellStupido They are vicious, crim- the only, left hand shaft here weather the U '8 has had In world. It's operated out of Mis. Just been dropped on my desk by With is" abtitude. So the planemal, damn fools. Let's get lid of While the engme runs smoothly, some tlme During ths,t period, he soula, Montana. When a ranger the Personal Aricraft Council of manufacturers now have onethern before they give a black eye lt does not deliver nearly as much did 40 shows and Put in 25 local or lookout station is needed m,the the Aircraft Industries Associa- place less to get free white space.to organized air services." Now power as when it was newer, and appearances to aid the March of back country, the portable aw tlon who prepared it,- adequate- It won't be long before a lot of thewe're not going to let'em get away even then, it did not have enough Dimes, YMCA, Heart Association mill is flown in, asseinbled, put ly and aptly titled "A GUIDE TO fixed base operators, who trywith tripe like THAT, are we 1 power to fly safely ln any but and other campaigns Hope thriv- to work, and then flown out again IMPROVED PUBLIC REI+A- like th' dickens to sell a smallRead the article - then sit down smooth weather ed on 11, and so did his audienc- Today the forest service 8 TIONS FOR THE FIXED BASE , plane, will probably come to theand write 'em a letter and tell 'em It }s impossible to climb over a es They liked him so much, now equipped to parachute men and OPERATOR. Hurray for the same conclusion. How about ltwhere the author (we won't even few,hundred feet with a passeng- he's back for more.dignify th' guy by mentioning his e . supplies to fire areas, stoppmg AIA' ! Personal PIane Council of the

1 The whole machine has Just - - blazes at their outbreak *-nd Pre- These many years I've been Aircraft Industries Association?name I) should get off He lS NOT about served ltS usefulness and I The nation's feminine flyers venting millrons of dollars of yappmg about the opportunitiesan aviation man 1 And don't take would like very much to have & are set for the Chird annual all- damage by their quick action.

not quite understanding what's ROUND THE WORLD,the f.b operators are missing m

silence for confession that they new machine of the single pro- w,oman's transcontinental air -agree with you 1 Keep at 'em 1 peller type. Lientenant Arnold of race from San Diego, to Mie,mi, Stall Warning _ needed at their fields public rela- Ever wonder how it would feelTh' guy just don't know what he the Army, after seeing the ma- Florida. Scheduled for June 1, the A new type of aircraft stall tions-wlse. The boys who DO to fly around the world non-stop,is writing about !11 He hangs his chlne run and examlnlnlng lt, contest will see scoies of the top warning mdicator, which auto- understand and who DO the like the boys did in that B-50,· thewhole story on the escapades of said that none of the Army fliers female pilots of the countly rae- matically shakes the pilot's con- things they should,-contmue to ·,~ucky" Lady" ?a few idiots m our midst - and would go up in it Will you kind- ing across the continent in single trol stick as his plane approaches get business, while others sit The skipper of that ship, Capt,condemns the whole civilian pl- ly let me know..what.-the pros- engmed plr.nes. The contest is a stall position, has been develop- around and feel that somebody -lot fraternity 111

mes Gallagher, kept a kind ofpects are for my getting a new lestricted to light planes of not ed by Globe Industries, Inc, Day- "ain't doni' right by us" 1 I've had ~d~y , a personal log of the flight.machmep more Uhan 250 horsepo"wen ton, Ohio, manufacturers of min- Early personal experiences - He called it: "Diary of & Sky Sit-

Alfred A Cunning,ham, USMC Sponsor of the i ace lS the Flor- itaure motors. The indication, and plan to send a specially

Fish and game violators in Ill- (In fanness to our readers, we ida chapter of the "Ninety-Nines" says the manufacturer, makes it mirked copy to the operators of ter." Here are some excerpts.

inols are finding themselves uP should mention that this letter an mternational organization of virtually impossible for a pllot to one or two 1'11 airports not too far "SATURDAY NIGH:r: rIn sit-

the proverbial creek with no was wrptten to Capt. W I Cham- licensed women pilots founded by be aware where the warning signal from this mad-house fondly re- ting up here thmkmg how Co-

means of locomotion The air- bers of the Navy Department the famed Amelia Earhart. The is given, since he can feel it and ferred to as the City of New lumbus might have liked this

plane has done lt, too. from the Na.val Aviation Camp, winner of the race will flash does not have to rely on his sight York " vantage pont to check hm theory

The state department of con: Annapolls, Md., and dated 25 JulY across the finish line during the or hearing, which may be preoc- In this little booklet you'll find that the world is round. My as-

servation has e new protection 1913. Cunningham was the No 1 Ninety-Nines' All-Woman World cupied with other matters. such interesting subjects as "The signment is to stay up here and

set-up involvmg coordinated use Marme aviator The "Lt Arnold" Air Show at Miami on the 4th The device itself 15 said to be 'Fhat' and 'why' of public rela- hold a course so that while theworld goes around four times

o[ planes, automobiles and boats he lefers to later became Gen. H and 5th of June. light and compact, consisting of a tions,", "Dress up your home I'll be golng around 1t once snd

linked by radio In its first big H "Hap" Arnold, head of the Air - --- small motor which drives an un- grounds," "Garden Club Cooper-

test, the warden's boys lowered Forces The -Mr Towers" be- Airplanes Take Over balanced weight, and is attached ation," "Attractive Furnishings' w e will both corne out even at

tlhe boom on three poachers. First, came Admiral Towers We pre- Use of planes for wild life man- near the base of the stick. As the "Those Rest Room" "Air Mark- Fort Worth where I started my., Slt.

the observation plane flymg up sent this letter merely to show agement and fightmg forest fires stall position approaches, the mo- ings," "Your Area. of Operation ,

the Illinois River spotted the sus- how times change Or do they?) is much more extensive than tor is actuated by an alttitude Establish Contact," "Pubhc Of- "All's dark below My navigatorPected violators, then radioed -~ many people realize. The service sensmg device, setting up a vibra- ficalls" "Civic Groups" "Press says we're at a point over the At-

the information to ground forces ALL THIS ,.. AND BOB HOPE has expanded from a few Patrols tion which dhnkes the stick wtih a and Radio", "Public Service," lantic Ocean I can't tell by look-

n boats proceeding up the river The irrepressible gent known flights by Army planes m 1919 to force of about five pounds ' Headliners" "Essay Contests,' Ing down. We're closer to the

and cars driving up highways as Bob Hope iS off again Seems more than 5,000 hours of flying The motor ls a standard Moto- ' Model Plane Clubs," "Air and stars than the eErth.

parallel to it The culprits, sus- the guy Just can't sit stall. in 1948 Mite model. with gear reduction, Wing Scouts," etc, etc etc. As we "DAYBREAK SUNDAY: The

pected notihing, even waved to the He took off (April 18) on his The U. S. forest service now has which rotates the eccentric weight said "Hurrsy for the PAC of the old globe has turned around. The

plane as it dropped down over second air tour in three months several dozen aircraft sportmg at 1400 to 1800 r pm. Models are AIA,"!1 ! Azores are coming up with the

them 'Seven minutes later, offic- n a special United Air Lines its emblem Most are late model available to operate at specified There's only one thing that ·

eis of the law close m Mainliner 300 Manned 'by the transports, jungle-hoppers end voltage up to 26 volts and bo Pro- the AIA seems to have forgotten! 1 (Contmued to page 10)

PAGE EIGHT CENTRAL FLYER FOR MAY, 1949 PAGE NlNE

Page 9: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

V-V

. I.

Taxi Technique Taxiing should be done by use ,(Continued from page 9)

dency of the plane to capsize. - AVIATION NEWS & VIEWS ~of rudder Gnd allerons, with the dawn. Now a B-29 18 rising to give,Airplanes Take to the Air Like brakes reserved for emergencY us gas ~Ducks Take to Water But Both use and turns ln strong winds "SUNDAY NIGHT: Bright dia-Have Trouble on the Ground where the rudder effect lS not suf- mond lights above, but nothing ~An airplane is directionally un- ficient. Excessive use of brakes but blackness below My naviga- 1stable while moving on the ground and pivot turning wear out the tor says it's the Sahara. Withoutbecause E# moon, it'S absoluetly black "brakes and tires rapidly.

(1) three wheeled vehicles are t axiing downwind because of tail- Lady" was refueled again. That

Soft ground ds dangerous when Monday mornmg the "Lucky ]Inherently difficult to handle and wind will push the plane forward(2) the control surfaces of a plane cn its nose if the wheels stick in "That globe below is mostly

evening, Captain Gallagher wrotewe not efficient at a speed the mud Help must be secured water, for sure Maybe that's whywhich iS safe for ground travel for taximg under these condi-Taxi accidents are seldom wash- ]t seen'ls we're the one that'souts but the damage from them tions. standing still while it slowlyDon't be afraid to cut the switch twists around All day it wasis a major factor m operating and instantly if a collision appears mostly water - the Indian Ocean, 4insurance costs. imminent. Even a slight reduction the Bay of Bengal, and soon itThe basic device for groundcontrol is the rudder. It lS diffi- :n speed will lessen the damage will be the Pacific! India passed *cult to maintam a balance be- from collision Steering an alr- beneath us this afternoon.tween slipstream powerful enough plane is neither instanteous norto make the rudder turn the ship positive and turns must be plan- "Tuesday Morning: The Philip-

ned in advance and with plenty pines are under us Two tankersand a speed which is slow enough have come up from Clark Field toof room.to permit safe maneuvering. A revive our thlrsty tanks We canwalking speed lS recommended -MAC SERVICE LETTER ca tch glimpses of the Jungle be-for taxing, with an extra blast low"from the propellet when neces- FAIRCHILD F-47 got 165 CAA Tuesday night it was more wa-sary to produce a turn. type certificate almost on same ter By Wednesday, GsllagherAilerons can be used to assist aay Fairchild management decid- said the crew was weary; said itturns on the ground A down all- ed to shut down personal-plane didn' t seem like they were domgeron increases drag when the re- division. Plane looks like cross be- much except refuellng eachlative wind is from the front of tween Navion and Bonanza~, morning. Wednesday night theythe plane. If the relative wind is cruise d 157 m,p h on recent passed Hawaii and were on thefrom the back of the plane, a low- trip between Winfield, Kan. and home lap.ered deron is pushed by the Kansas City. Gross weight is 2,- And when he landed at Fortwind from the rear. Therefore, in 860 pounds, engine is 185-h p. Worth, his diary said Thursdaya headwind a down aileron as- Continental Only two F-47's morning, but by Fort Worth'ssists a turn toward that side, and built, One now at company's Central Stansda Time it wasin a tallwind the down alleron Hagerstown, Md, plant, other go- only Wednesday. The "Luckyhelps turn the plane in the op. ing to Ranger engine companY Lady" had gained a day, thenposite direction. for test work. No more will be lost it again.Turns on the ground frequent- built by Farichild.ly require that the controls be HURON RANGEcrossed, Gnd this iS Impossible Balmy spring days produce thin FREQUENCY CHANGEDwith the "safety" planes where air. Plan on longer take offs and As of April 12, 1949, the fre-rudder and alleroIl are coordin- landings as the weather waams quency radio range was changed

-Bled for turns in the air. When up.-Practice without instruction from 353kcs to 3911kcs Many pi-turning with the wind from the tends to set faulty habits. Every lots are still not agvare of this i#front coordination of the rudder pilot needs occasional check chsnge, even though published in 'and aileron may increase the ten- flights the AIRGI

%*11*11*11*m*11¤11¤11*11¤1¤11*11*Ii*11*11¤11*11*lixli*1*11*DEIINNIMMMI*11*11*113(11¤11*1 RI :~ ¤11*:Ix,Mxix'.*Ii*1:MIMM#11¤ilxll¤ilx~Ix~t:<11¤1,¤11¤11*1'xii*11*11¤11*11¤~1¤11¤,1¤11¤~1:C'xltx

~ Rushmore Flying Dakota SkywaysServiceRALPH LETELLIER

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL~~ RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA "EVERYTHENG FOR THE PILOT"

D<11)11*112:11*113:11*11*1~)4;:MOXI[¤1¤113<11¤D(11¤11*1*1*11*11¤11¤1131

PHONE 2234 ¤ CONTINENTAL AND FIRESTONE 'XERCOUPE AND AERONCA DISTRIBUTORSSALES AND SERVICE

CROSLEY AUTOMOBILES Dijil 23224 Fargo, N. D.~ Used Aircraft Bought and Sold ~ Navion - - Luscombe - - Aeronca- «# 5*1¤11¤11*11*Il:41*4* ¤Dt#*11¤11*IXIMAII¤11¤lIB"*11)41¤11¤11*11*11*11*"011#IXE'MXHXIA"BIRI ...,¤11¤11¤11*.IX"MNIMAIMMI|¤113~1|X|IXID41¤11341¤11¤ID®[lix||¤1'X'i'413{1,MI,Al|KI·*IWIDE|Df KPAGE TEN CENTRAL FLYER

Page 10: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

.

New Airport Cafe Open Study Weed ControlSouth-Dakota Flyers

W# 5 - h 2 «»«/R«' Problems at Presho /==Sftb ',(Continued from Page 6)' 4«25&, , 23 . 5$ more weed spraying from the Elr

:~ 1 :T« during the coming season than» « .' , ''» 8* ever before.,Ill '

%I ...., + ,- . I. Dr Stahler encouiaged great-

I I - .10, . -' .. '#i »,6 , »© er use of airplanes in spraying

~:/ of *·t:..:1 , _ •I -I . large pastures and rangelands

%..

with 2,4-D. In other states, he: explsined, records show that one

.

1 ed beef productoin by 40 pounds+ I , spraying of a pasture he increas-

. r r + d per acre. This was caused by lIn- *./ ./4/ 4,2/ 2 * 1 4 proved pasture conditions when

14, .0 -S?Dy the weeds were killed and the, *- < 7.2 srass given a chance to *row

ZdS 386>+ 11

+ 42 , ' :22 "One of the best 'sales talks'»·, *€~~ you can make," he,told the pilots"

18 to get permission from a farm-Mr. and Mrs Frlank Mumaugh Rapid City. A wonderful break- er or rancher to spray a single

have recently opened a new cafe fast was reported by members of strlp across a weedy pasture. Theat the Pierre Municipal airport the flight. difference in grass stands be-The cafe is open seven days a A cordial mvitation is extend- tween the sprayed and unsprayedweek from 7 a m. to 9 p.m At the ed by cafe manager Ilene Arne- LIeas will be significant "gland opening on April 3rd a son and Mr. and Mrs Frank Stahler also explamed the_haz-party of eighteen planes arilved Mumaugh to all pilots in the Cen- ards and advantages of airplanefrom Aberdeen, Gettesburg and - tral Area spraymg He cautioned the air-

men ' to realize thait 2, 4-D willkill valuable crops as well asTough Metal Meets Tougher Machine weeds, if applied improperly Heindicated the 2,4-D sprays will

mile and more if the plane is- : IT-- li drift in the air as far as half

flown too h,gh And when it drifts

' 1 beets, clover, garden crops and ~_-1. j some of it may land on suscept-TI

.1 2

'

I , «!i ; ible crops like potatoes, sugarL

'-~ r'- 7'.Tr '' , J trees He recommended that the~~J . +2~,71'316,1 ,,_"&Iii Ik':,li~ | 'i - F ./$

44 - 1, ':_, :1,3 pilots fly as low as practical andI.

--' f, I to cover a swath of not more than

~''Ill, 'TI./-5 3~1'lt{I~-it ~1 1''fl~ '' J'* ': 1, ~,1 7~ -

4141' 23 ,1 4 or 5 feet on each run1- U T --

to the discussions on weed 1(len-15 117~,i, r- ~ 1-4-~ The sirmen paid close attention

. ~ tification and chemical ,control "81 -Ii' 11~1- "'I 4 '-' ' I, 1- i -· -L - - - - 9 *1:21 inethods After the discussions ,'.2-* 1.* -- and demonstrations a large num-

\ - ber of them took examinations tor' ..51 1,1''T j -'lu--1 *'-1 -

' -- .fth"t .'?fi,osf_MI1.- .L ..·. 1' "4*Vt ]>*,CA ./. weeds. These tests were given.byqualify for -a permit to spray

1

,- '1]--b 't >t' -Il,ir/: W,2 "--f 'Y '' 2~REL frf,~~ 2 ~6&7 '-u K , ' < « the state depT,rtment of agricul-ture.- ...e 1115. t. 114.1.1

- r.-S.- ..I' 4.lf,li~1,; ,15.5- 1- '- It took 40 ydars to progress from. 1 1 .

-5 4 the simple Wright Brothers' _en-& .71%46+F. 1 , f,. --M{~41.]t] 1_ glne to a 3.000 h p engine. In thelast five years. however, powerAbove photo shows stretch-former converting a sheet og metaI intO has increased from 3,000 to 10,-an engine cowhng ring. 000 h P., ,

* EXHMXMARKAXIMIFMMMINII)(11*11*ll#11)fll¤11¤11¤11#11*113(MAIIXIIANXIMI134*11¤11¤11¤11¤11)(113<11¤MXHAUXIMIMIHIBMII¤11¤11*HIXIMHAINIUKIHIWIXIIBIIAll)61¤11*11¤11#11*11 3<11#11¤11>(11%1*11;41*12(

1*BAH

!*11¤11

*11*~1

*1¤11¤

113q

HALLEY AIRPORT ,

Weber' s Airport Repair Shop

*MIM

WM

WIR

MIM

DAMI - A & E MECHANIC EXAMINER - 12 HR. MAGNAFLUX SERVICEPHONE 3430 LEO WEBER, Owner &

I M U X I N 113 ( 11 * D E 11 ¤ 11* 11 * 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 *113 (11 * 1 * 11¤ 11 * 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤11 * 11 ¤ 11 * 11 :11 ¤ 11 * 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 * 11 ® 1¤ 1 3 ® { D E ~ * 113 < 11¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 * 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 * ~ 1 * 11 * 11 ¤ 11* 11X I D < 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤11 * 11 ¤ 1131 D < 11 ¤ 11 ) < 11 :41 ¤ 11 * 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 ¤ 11 * 11 ¤ D E D ® ( 1

FOR MAY, 1949 PAGE ELEVEN

Page 11: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

I I.

NEBRASKA NEWS Honor Roll Cities Alhance NEBRASKAENGINEERING NOTES

Columbus

Berggen and Sons Construction CHICAGO, April 30 - For go- Plaarbury

Co. of Scottsbluff resumed con. ing thuough the entire year of McCook

struction on the Lexington Muni- 1948 without a smgle traffic fa- York

c:pal Airport, March 21 The con- tality, 401 cities with populations NORTH DAKOTAtract for the Valentine Municipal between 5,000 and 10,000 have Devil's LakeA]rport was let March 4 to the w,on places on the Honor Roll of JamestownMissouri Valley Construction Co, the National Traffic Safety Con- Mandenof Omaha for $65,000 Grading test Valley Citywill begin within the next few The National Safety Council. Wahpatonweeks. At Harrison, Nebraska, which conducts the contest, an- WillistonMarch 22, the voters gave appro- nounced that this marks an m-vel to a $2500 Airport Bond is- rease of 98 from the number on SOUTH DAKOTA

sue by a 3 to 1 margin. Site sur- the 1947 Honor Roll. Brookings

veys with CAA were made at Hy- Colorado had the highest per- Lead

annis, Cody, Merrlinan, Bassett entage of Honor Roll winners Yankton

and El'wmg. Preliminary surveys with eight out of 10 reportmg WYOMINGwere made at Harrison, Bayard cities Iowa had the next best re- Rock Springsand Hyannis Plan-ill-hand in- cord with 19 cut of 24.spectmons conducted at 1Creighton Hobart, Okla, which state re-

The lettng diate will probably be cords show has never had a traf-in April. The letting for High In- fic death mnce its mcorporatlon Flyers' Calendartensity Lighting and Fencing of in 1901, maintained ltS perfect

the Omaha Municipal Airport 1'ecord in 1948. The Council does MAY 2-3-Aerial crop sprsying,

was held March 8 The Henry W. not know of any other city in the dusting, seeding and fertilizing

Miller Electric Co. was the low populati,on group which equals Conference, Fargo, North Dakota.

bidder on lighting, and the Dod- this record MAY 19-21-Northwest Aviationson Engineermg Co of Omaha The Honor Roll cities in the Clmic, Fargo, North Dakotawiss low bidder on fencing, The Central area, were:

JUNE 5-Airport Dedication, Har-Project File was executed by the MINNESOTA tmgton, NebraskaMitchell CIty Council for im- Moorheadprovement of the Municipal Alr- Owatoona JUNE 11-12-South Dakota Fly-port This to Include extension Willmar ing Farmers Annual Conventionof the present NIS strip which is Chisholm Rapid City, S. D.sub-standard, and construction of Cloqueta concrete apron The voters at Stillwater JUNE 13-14-North Dakota Safe-Imperial, Nebrask~,in January Farimont ty Conference, Mmot, Northvoted approval of a $6,000 Alrfield Eveleth DakotaBond issue by a 6 to 1 margin A Little Falls JULY 17-CAP. Airshow, Norfolk,Joint nispection was made of the Columbia Heights NebraskaWallace Airport site by CAA, De- Elypartment of Roads and Irrigation, Edina July 26-31-18th National Modeland the Department of Aenonau- International Falls Airplane Meet, Olathe, Kansasties. Hastings SEPT. 3-5-National Air RacesDetroit Lakes Cleveland, Ohio.

An American test-pilot recent- MONTANAly performed a complete loop with Bozeman DEC. 6-8-North Central Weeda helicopter. It was the first such Livingston Control Conference, Sioux Falls, ' *

7."*bmaneuver in a helicopter. Lewiston S. D.

i!*IE

[*1*1

*1*#

11*I

N]1

~IR

IAIR

I#R

D[U#11*11*AM#11*11*11*11¤11¤11¤11*11*113<113<11¤113(11*11)<11*11¤11¤11¤11*11*11¤113:11¤11¤11*11*11*11*11¤11¤1 1*11*11*11*11*11'<11*11)(MMIMII'fil':11*Dtl'XMMINI'X'1¤11)(11¤11*HAININI'¤'1*ID[I>41¤1¤11¤1 U

PLAN NOW R XMT THE PIERRE AIRPORTato see the 8 25

R XR *

Tigers Air Circus 1 1 Airway Cafe

1 1*1]11341¤11¤11¤11*11¤11*1¤11¤Immpl!*11*11¤1¤11¤11¤11*1¤11*11*113®~

- at - E E .

8 0 7 DAYS AWEEK - 7 A.M. to 9 P.M.Mai+in, So. Dak. 9 *E EX E Plan your Breakfast Flight to

SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1949 RE PIERRE, SOUTH DAKOTA¤ M

R XE B

1*11¤113~11¤11¤11¤11¤11*11*11¤11*11¤11*11*11*13(11)(MUX'1*11*11)(11¤11¤11*11¤11¤113<'IX'~341¤11*11¤11*11;ZIX !¤11#11¤11¤1!*113(11*11*11¤11*11¤11¤11*!1¤11*!1¤11*1311¤1#*114¤1#1*1*11¤11¤11¤11¤11*IMMIMIA !#PAGE TWELVE CENTRAL FLYER

Page 12: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

..

FLY-AT-COST PLAN actual flying costs will be return-es ($7.50 and $6.00 per hdur) and

ed prorate to you as a dividendThe public generally believes it and promotion expense of this in cash, or at the option of thecosts too much bo fly a plane. And pIan, and 4- 10 per cent return operators a credit on flying timewhether you are learmng to fly. on investment, that is value of under this or a similar plan foroperate your own ,plane or are planes flown. the coming year. No assessmentrenting one at the airport to take How You Pay will ever be made.you on business or pleasure, the The plan is ~et up on a year to Having paid or signed up foraverage man says »lt is too ex- year basis, starting the 15th of tlying time this plan. let us saypensive. April, 1949. You ]may buy as lit- you want to go to Omaha, for sTo correct that impression and tle Es $60 a year Worth of flying week end and take .your family.brmg down flying costs. the fol- tlme and pay for it $5.00 per Or maybe you have a week end oflowing fly-at-cost plan will be- month if you wish. You may m- fishing at a lodge on the Cana-come operative on the 15th of crease your purchase of flyin~ dian border. You w111 first call theAprll, 1949. Your criticisms, ques- time during the year, or sell any airport to reserve the time endtions and interest are invited.- unused trme to someone else. Or plane. They confirm and Ask ifWho Can Use the Plan you may sell it back to' the air- you have your own pilot. If you 4Anyone, anywhere If you are a port operators any time after 90 don't maybe they know of onepilot, you fly it yourself. If not. days, at not more than 10 per who would like to go on that trip.you pick our own pilot from a cent discount. You need not pay Or if you want them to, the air-pool of certified pilots approved in advance for flying time but port *operators will engage a re-by your local airport operators. must have a credit balance in gular commercial pllot for you at

What Kind of Flying some amount at all times. a small additional charge. WhenYou may take lessons, go on Determining Depreciation During you come to the airport to leave,

cross-country trips business or Year your plane will be full of gas andpleasure, with family or friends. On 15th of ApI'll, 1949, the air- 011, completely ready to go. The

How it Works port operators will post on their reading of hours and minutes willSlmply stated, your airport bulletm board their true declared be recorded on your flight ticket

operators offer- the public air value for each plane. Within 30 and certified by your pilot. Whentransportation at rock bottom days any participant may buy the you return the plane will be re-prices. They furnish planes m plane at that price. Same proced- filled with gas and 011, the hoursgood condition at all times avail- ure on or before the 15th of April, and minutes reading entered on,able. You pay only for the time 1950. The difference will be the your flight ticket to compute youryou are in the air, accurately actual depreciation. The figure trip flying time Your pilot Ggainmeasured by a recording device midway between value at begin- certifies.in the plane. This recorder tells ning and end of yea,r will be basis All matters pertaining to flyingyou the minutes and hcurs you of 10 per cent on investment For weather, eligibhty of pilots, mini-have flown. You buy your own example, if pllane is $3750 at be- nium hours per day during busyvas and 011 when you use the g,nning and $2750 at end of year, seasons, etc, shall be determinedthe plane. 10 per cent would be taken of by the airport operators. Main-

Figuring Actual Cost $3250 tenance will noft exceed $1 50 andSince per-hour costs go down Per-Hour Flying Cost $1 00 per hour (4 and 2-placeas the use of the plane goes up, During the year the 4-place, planes respectively). Clerical willthe object of this plan iS to keep plane will rent f'or $7,50 and not exceed 50c per hour, promo-the planes m the air every day 2-place plane for $6.00 per hour, tion same (5Oc) for flown.and pass on to you the savings flown. On the 15th of April, 1950, George W Kunkle, Box 216,resultmg from volume. The fol- the total hours flown will be di- Yankton, South Dakota, so lea lowing will be the basis of ac- vided into the total oost for the owner of this cop*ighted Fly-at-curately computing the cost per year, applying the above formula cost Plan, No quotations or use -

a, 2~ -' -

fiying-hour: 1-actual deprecla- to compute the per hour cost. without special arrangement with 'tion, 2 - repairs, 3 - clerical Any result between the fixed pric- owner Copyright will be enforced.

4 --1*6*13(1*11¤11¤11¤11¤11*11*11*113(D<lim¤11*11¤11*11)411*11¤11*1*11*1411¤11¤11*11¤!IMMIMMM # r ¤Ii,41*LIAR#11*11*11*11*ii#11*1!x,#11¤11*11¤11¤11#11,(Il#MMIIM~*113<IMMH#1*11,(11¤11#11*11¤11*1 ¤i

1 1 ~ Capital Aviation i ~ Montgomery Crop zCorporation i Dusting ServiceiBox 725 BismarM[, N. D. Phone 277 8 M~ FIRST RED RIVER VALLEY8-1 ' DUSTING AND SPRAYING SERVICEI a g

a i JAMES MONTGOMERY, Managertessna .- M- w FLIGHT INSTRUCTIONS'- • FIRESTONE DISTRIBUTORS 5 M ACROBATIC SHOWS3 - • RADIO SALES & SERVICE

• CHARTER FLIGHTS- . FLIGHT TRAINING ~ ~ GRAND FORKS MUNICIPAL

AIR SHOWS

- AIRPORTI Id the shadow of the State Capitol 1& 2Grand Forks, North Dakota

-1 ":":11 11 11 11:111:11:11 11 11:ill':" 1 11 ~ 11:11':11:11, 11 11 'In: Il " 41 : ~1.:11 IT 11 11 11 ". 1 , 15,13:11¤1¤11¤11*11,%11:(11¤11¤11¤qi)141¤11¤11*11*11¤113~11¤11¤11*11*11¤11*11¤11¤11*~1¤11¤LI¤QX~¤~IX{1*11¤1 -

FOR MAN, 1949 . 1 , . PAGE THIRTEEN

.

Page 13: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

--

/.

-

SUMMER FOGS-.Classified Ads - , 3 ./ t.

The fair wea,ther of summer-time can easily cause pilots to re-lax their vigilance for fog. There > 1The Closing Date for All Ads-20th of Each Month is nothing more disconcerting

Rate. $1.00 Minimum. Over 15 Words--6 Cents per Word than to have the haze turn into 41a solid blanket of white and leaveAIRPLANES - Send for free list. FOR SALE OR TRADE 1946 a Plane stranded in zero visibIllty

World's largest stock - We'll Ftunk Custom 2-pl,ace plane, The monsoon fog is one whichtake your check-Cash paid for bought new May, 1947 Equipped is likely to occur ill the neighbor-planes 1 or 100 - Parts - 611 with lights, radio, wheeel pants, hood of large bodies of watermakes - Save 50 per cent -Mall starter and generator, custom such as the Great Lakes Waam,orders filled - 24 hour service interior, new prop, 100 hr in- humid air blowing over the rela-VEST AIRCRAFT Co 4600 Dahlia Spection just ecmpleted, 300 hrs, tively cool surface of a large bodyDenver, Colo. 2-12t Lotal time on automatic log. Sell of water will result in condensa-

or trade for late model car. tion of the moisture iIi the Foir and *FOR SALE 1947 Model 415-C LORENZ BROTHERS, Bowman, reversal of the wmd may bringErcoupe Parts Wings, Center N Dak. this fog from the water over the iSection, Landing Gear, Fuel land

Tanks Also 1 1Continental A-65 FOR SALE: 1946 Aeronca 7ACsend 1 C-75 Engine Aeronca 7AC Champion Total time on AkE Ground fog foims during the

night as the air cools and ls mostand 11CC Parts Smith Flying 225 hrs Licensed until April 1950 likely bo settle in valleys and low -~«Service, Jamestown, North Dak All bulletms complied with Fred ~ -. .J Mohr, Fessenden, N D. 6-21

places. A ground fog will probab-FlOR SALE. 65 Aeronca Chief, ly be "burned off" by the sun

275 hours, Always hangered, CHOICE GRAIN AND STOCK during the daytime but its pre-Metal prop, fenders, Navigation farm for sale near Clark, S. D., sence must be anticipated atlights Ernest Bakei, Cooperston, Terms A O Nordseth, Box 295 many low lying airports if aN Dak' Clark S. Dak. morning landing iS planned.

1:here may be fog m the coolLIT AS A FIDDLE! Doctors who detect any condi- air ahead of a warnl front, which

A Medical Examination Is a Pi_ tion which might result in a sud- 13 causing lam to fall An exper-

lot's Guarantee of Good Health den attack of discomfort, faint. lenced pilot may feel that it isand Ability to Fly. ing or loss of oontrol, will pre_ safe enough to fly thiuugh fall-

scribe corrective measures A pi_ ing rain from an advancing warm *It is human natule for us to lot should take the suggestions Iront when the weather report

stay away from a doctor as long senously and realize that a indicates little or no turbulenceas we can and until severe pain change in his habits may be nec- in the front, but he must be pre-or discomfort dlives us bo seek essary to correct the ravages of pared for lowering visibility asi ellef Periodic physical examin- nervous tension the warm rain falls through theations Gre considered a nuisance, cooler air at the surface This is lbut they are mvaluable m detec- Even though a pilot is in toP a condition which can occurting trouble before actual symp- physical condition in so far as a thmugh many parts of the Unit- -medical examination is concerned, ed States during the summer sea-toms arise. he can put himself in a danger- son following a relatively coolFlying calls for the highest de- oils position by overfatigue. There spell.gree of physical fitness, as well as have been many 'accidents in pri-aerccautical sklll. The pilot who vate a nd commercial flying Pilots are wise when they checkcheats on a physical exammation which have been caused or ag- the dew point to see whether lt lS,may be setting up trouble for gravated by fatigue of the pilot. near the temperature, because . ,1, imself this 18 an excellent indication ofDepth perception is faulty and possible fog. Low wlnd velocityEyesight must be good, and the muscular coordination is Iscking and cold ground surface asslstpilot must have depth preception when eyes and muscles are ex- fog formationThe only thing that can tell the haustedpilot whether he lS 20 feet off the A pilot should never take offground or two feet off the ground A pilot ls wise to keep his hours anticipating disapation of fog01 flying down to the same eight unless a definite alternate is avail 1la his depth perception

A good sense of balance is es- or ten hours that he is willing to able Change m condition of ,sential The ear eoammation is work Modern Job analysis indi- cloud cover may delay the "burn- rintended to disclose the general cates that an eight hour work- ing off" of a morning fog, or an- ecoidition of the hearing system, ing day is all that the body and ticipated high winds might notand often indicates trouble m the mind -can stand and remam in develop in time to clear away the ~ ~good condition. Even though fog by the estimated arrival timebalance canals

The heart and other pai ts of flying an airplane is fun, it is Stlll

the circulatory system become in- work to the muscles and eyes It Smce the Wright Brothers' firstcreasingly important as the pilot is smart to set down for a good flight, there has been a seven-foldadvaces m age The tempo of night's rest when fatigue 18 felt increase in efficiency of planes.modem life is so fast that col- -lapses and death from heart dis- A Pennsylvania flying school Pioduction of typical newease are increasing at a terrific has offered free flying instruction fighter plane requires about 13,-Date to any one over 60 500 special tools.FAGE FOURTEEN 0~IRAL FLYER

Page 14: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

.

B *1*immRII#~Nfl*ININ~ImmiRIRIN(IR(IRININIRININ~ImmmRIIR~Nlimmm~mmimimmimm IRIIRIWEBURTRYRIRAPWWHHIR=jMWIRINARBiARBURMWWW-

Miller Brothers Chevrolet Co., Inc.CESSNA AIRPLANES ~:-i~715:~0~-71%C~*a SALES - SERVICE

CHEVROLET - CESSNA - OLDSMOBILE

PHONE 33 GORDON, NEBRASKA /4

R 1

2:D*

qxt*1

1*13

:11*1

1¤1¤

11¤1

%¤1

13(11

¤1*1

*1¤1

1¤11

*11*

11**M

H*IM

Ir]*1

1;41

;41¤

IM*1

1]41

¤11*

1*11

¤11¤

11¤1

1):1

*11¤

ID(IM

I*11)

:Imm

nmm

#IM

MX 1

*11*

1*11

¤11¤

11*IN

"*11*

1*1*

11¤1

1#11

*11:1

8*1*

lin

~ 11

gq*!1¤11 11. ] 11 11 11 11 : 11.:11:11 1 11:1.11 m :11 :11 ~ i :11:11 11 JI: I 11 11 :L :11 11 11: 11 11 1, !i.:11. 11 11:11 :i ·11 1~ 11 i E-11 A 1 :11:li ll i n :1 11 n 11': '11': JI ji ll :11 :11 :a .M n lit:li li 1 *_

'Si#IMI[88:'14 1111'M:[:1 1:11 Il u:'1 1 111 M:1:11 1:11 li li M:1 8:1:'11':1 11 u i:.1 8, 1:.1 11 I iI u.~11 1 :N:11:8:8:11:I :1:!1:u B i ll It 11 :l i If

Whether You Use It or Sell It ..COMMERCIAL USERS -- DEALERS -- YOU'RE AHEAD EITHER WAY

Investigate

SHERWIN=WILUAMS

TRADEMARK

r 1*11,Imm

!, 11]D-Ir*r 1 11~-lryl ~1~~1 111¤11 11:-11 11 :11 :VULF,1 11 :11: It:I r E I[''I"'11' 11 '11 11 11-~11''ll' 11 11 11''ll' 'I' '11' !1 rrll 11' 11 '11 T' I:r~

i I-ml*M

MI!~

Ilmm

m*,m

vip,

CLEANS WEEDS OUT OF SMALL GRAINS, CORN, FLAX AND $St-PASTURES -

PROVED-on more than 1,000,000 acres m 19481 Use no morethan 1 gallon of oil per acre ...with only y4 to 2 pints of Weed- ~ /4 04311No-Morel

NEW P'REE BUILETINS. -Before you buy any 2, 4-D weed Er #~~ ~.13~.~'killer, get all the facts on Agricul-ture Weed-No-[More performanceon farms hke yours Ask for ournew free bulletins.

WARD AERO, Inc.MARTIN. SOUTH DAKOTA

WHOLESALE CHEMTCAL SALES, CROP AND INSECT CONTROL1¤11;fliXID@tw)*1*11¤11¤0¤11#IMMM*11*11¤113(~IXUXHIHIM#=mMM#11¤11*U*Immu*MIXUXU*Hm*MMMInmn'*De(Uxil*%*um#MMMO*11*11*1*11*13(Bm#8* 4

Page 15: 1 . F - -Ii .- - 42 3 - 2-21#il I 26

.

See.562, P L. & R.U. S POSTAGEPAID

MARTIN, S. D.Permit No. 10

*1*1*MID¢MM=M==MK*k#iltte:41!Wal,>l~#wirM:lliMAIMiA,itid~Ii·fvt,nil*61,55*11#11*Hilwr,xti'i#'i *NXI, 1-11*inLI#Molf,ir; 4, :, All*PuilitiltriMIi'#Manq#MVM*My#Mi!¤11¤11¤0¤11¤1*

See the New 1949

8181

*Mfil

ia®

*me®

®-8

'*1®

MIF

IS~*

®*#

*P*?

*4[8

'1®

1*5=

%}IM

IRM

*FR

NIIR

IIRIIR

IIRIN

INI

x

*k

Sevdy-Sorensen Sprayer

1¤11*11*!12(Ixllx~¤113(11*13(11¤11¤1*1!*!*#(11¤1**112:1*11*11:(lix '

'7*1*11*11* *IM#11¤11¤11¤11*il*8*11*11¤11*11*KIX *A#1)<11**138<11¤11%

01%* *1*14*M

B#R

m#*11](,¤**1:*11*11¤11*11*0*11%

#113(11*

"THE WORLD'S MOST POPULAR AIRCRAFT SPRAYER"Sold only by Well-established and Reliable Dealers

The following Dealers and Distributors in This Area Have A Demonstratorto Show You

DEALERSLake Region Flying Service, Devils Lake, North DakotaMinot Skylines, Minot, North DakotaValley Aircraft, Grand Forks, North DakotaWright Flying Service, W illiston, North DakotaIce Flying Service, Pierre, South DakotaLemmon Aircraft Company, Lemmon, South DakotaRauch Flying Service, Lake Preston, South Dakota

DISTRIBUTORSClear Ridge Aviation. Inc., Omaha, Nebraska

~Glendive Flying Service, Glendive, MontanaGraham Flying Service, Sioux City, IowaNiederhauser Airways, Marsh,alltown, Iowa-

Write for Literature on the Revoluticnary NewLITTLE JEWEL NOZZLE~{ Manufactured Exclusively by Sn·dy-Sorensen

~

DAKOTA AVIATION CO®HURON, SOUTH DAKOTANational Sales Agency

u DISTRIBUTOR CF DOW AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALSM##M!.MIMIMIMIEIM~*IMISM#110,¤XMA#11¤11¤11¤11¤11¤,ix,x"mf*MIMIM':41¤11¤11¤11¤11¤lix!1*1!*'MAI:<il:tilxii,ci#*ixt~¤~i#Mi*ix,i¤,iMA#*%¤,i;:~¤~~#MWAMMWMIttll*,1*11:(11¤11*10UKIDED(~*AMI''I"t!*MAM'MAHM#'1*,1]ti,)010|*Dd3~|~011*1141*,1,(,IMMIKA'1*11)<11*1*1,43(11*1,*11¤11*1!*D< 1,1:(11:cl*'1*~11(1*In:11*D:11:(IDEID:112:,1*1):11*XMM*7GRAND FORKS MUNICIPAL AIRPORT'APORT OF ENTRY"~ 80 & 91 Oct. Gas "CAFE" 24-Hour Service ~YOUR FRIENDLY AIRPORT

j0 11*11*113:U)(De:HAMMMHMXUXIIXIXimmnm#)11;11'AD:1149,01!XI,#1,01,011#1'¤11*11*1,411*11*'t;~113:13<Ii:~1'31')4';410,X' XMRM#[X'1*VXU*11*11*11*XMAM):MINMMM,fllm