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1
Flipping a classroom and
on-line learning environments
Examples from aerospace engineering
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Flipped Classroom Model• Students first exposure to material comes from learning
before “lecture”
• Typical exposure involves reading & homework
• Classroom becomes more interactive e.g. • problem-solving, • project-based learning, • concept questions.
• Instructor moves from sage towards guide
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Flipping the Classroom in AeroAstro
• We have been using this model mostly in junior/senior level technical subjects:
• Aerodynamics (since 2000): MIT subject 16.100
• Structural mechanics (Spring 2012): MIT subject 16.20
• Computational methods (Spring 2012): MIT subject 16.90
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16.100 Pedagogy: Then and Now
• Traditional lectures• Weekly homework assignments after lectures on material• Written exams• Short (two week) team-based design project
Then (pre-1999):
• Look-ahead (graded) homework assignments• Concept questions & mini-lectures in most class periods• Written take-home exams followed up with oral exams• Semester-long team-based design project
Now:
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Student Evaluations of Pedagogy:
Lecture
Lecture more effective with increased hw difficulty
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Not Effective Effective Very Effective
Lecture Effectiveness
% o
f s
tud
en
t re
spo
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es
2000
Post 2000
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Student Comments:
A Learning Transition Occurred
“I was initially opposed to the idea that I had to do reading & homework before we ever covered the subjects. Once I transitioned I realized that it made learning so much easier!!”
“I was skeptical at first of new techniques like [concept questions], hw on material that hasn’t been learned in lecture. In the end, it worked out very well. This has been a course where I really felt like I got my money’s worth.”
“I really like the format of the class, I think it’s actually a very good way to format a course. At first I didn’t like how the homework was really tricky and it always came before we went over the material in lecture, but after a little bit I didn’t mind it.”
“Doing homework before the lectures is good… makes actual learning in lectures possible.”
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Potential Role of MOOCs
• Key ingredient in flipping a classroom is availability of resources for pre-class student learning
• The learning environments being developed for MOOCs could be a highly effective resource Embedded assessments On-line learning communities Recorded lectures, e.g. “Khan”-style mini-lectures
• In Spring 2012 Computational Methods offering, preliminary study of using on-line reading with embedded assessments
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Thank you for your interest
Questions?