1. Get out your packet labeled Baby Care Items.2. Use netbooks to look up the cost for the two items listed on your desk, and list them in the Extras section.3. Total up your estimated costs and the actual cost by totals and subtotals.4. Turn into basket when finished.**You may work in groups but everyone needs to turn in their own packet.***

What is Heredity? What is Environment?

Bell Work

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Options for Infertile Couples & Genetic Counseling

Unit 1 – The Parenthood Decision.

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I. Most fertile; unproductive; sterile; barren: infertile soil.

II. Most infertility results from physical problems in a man or woman's reproductive system.

I. What is Infertility??

II. What causes infertility??

Infertility – about 8-12% of couples world-wide are infertile.

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I. Account for 40% of infertility problems.

II. 3 most common causes:

a. Low sperm production.

b. Impaired delivery of sperm.

c. Low productions of male sex hormone, also known as androgens.

Woman

I. Have wide variety of causes:

a. Hormone imbalance.b. Ovaries deteriorate in

quality over time.c. Fallopian tubes may

be blocked by scar tissue.

d. Endometriosis – a condition in which tissue that normally lines the uterus is found in other locations.

Causes..

Options for Infertile Couples

Artificial insemination

In vitro fertilization

Ovum transfer

Surrogate mothers

a method of inducing pregnancy in a woman or other female mammal by injecting sperm into the womb.

Artificial Insemination

fertilization of an ovum by sperm outside the body when normal conception is not achievable because of a woman's low fertility. After five days, this is followed by implantation in the womb.

In Vitro Fertilization – Fertilization happens outside the body.

is a procedure that takes a healthy, fertilized egg cell (ovum) and transplants it into the uterus of another woman. This procedure is non-experimental and has been done successfully for more than 20 years as a remedy for infertility.

Ovum Transfer

Surrogacy is one option for infertile couples. The couple contracts with a healthy woman who volunteers to carry their child to term.

According to the Organization of Parents Through Surrogacy, there have been at least 10,000 and as many as 28,000 surrogate births since 1976.

Surrogate Mother

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Comments like these are observations of heredity, the biological process by which certain traits are transmitted from parents to their children. (p. 155)

“He has his mother’s nose.”

“She must have gotten her musical talent from her grandfather.”

Understanding Genetics

The study of how traits are passed from parents to child through heredity.

Genetics

The error might be a mutation, or change in the instructions encoded on a gene.

In other cases, genetic disorders result from missing, damaged, or extra chromosomes.

Genetic Disorders – medical conditions caused by errors in genes or chromosomes.

Examples of Genetic Disorders

Down Syndrome Cystic Fibrosis Muscular Dystrophy

Sickle-cell Disease Tay-Sachs Disease PKU

(Phenylketonuria)

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I. Take down detailed medical history of both partners.

II. In some cases they arrange for testing to detect defective genes.

III. They analyze the collected data and talk to perspective parents about the risk of having children affected by certain disorders.

IV. Help the couple understand how a certain disorder will affect the child.

Genetic Counselors help provide families with the information they need to understand genetic disorders.

Genetic Couselors

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Let couples know their chances of having a baby with a certain disorder.

Talk to couples about their options.

Allow couples to make informed decisions.

Genetic Counselors can…

All conditions and circumstances affecting a person’s daily life.

What is Environment

Read p. 84 in your text book as an individual.

Heredity Vs. Environment

Nature Vs. Nurture

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I. Explain the difference between Heredity and Environment.

II. Which is more important in determining the outcome of child?