1

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China

2

China Resists Foreign China Resists Foreign Influence Influence Qing (Manchu) DynastyChinese had little interest in trading with

western nationsEuropeans: silk, porcelain, tea, spicesChinese did not need to trade

3

Chinese receiving opium from Patna, British India

•British trade with China centered around opium.

•The British imported opium from India to China in exchange for silk.

• Chinese silver was used to buy opium, and the Chinese government was fearful of a trade imbalance.

•China demanded that opium sales stop, but the British did not comply. This led to the Opium Wars.

Opium dens, 1850

Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

4

Empress Dowager Ci Xi

Empress Dowager Ci Xi worked with her

government officials to fight against the British in the First Opium War,

from 1839-1842. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

5

Opium WarOpium War

Chinese emperor asks Queen Victoria to stop the opium trade/unanswered

China destroys millions of dollars of opium

China no match for modern weaponry and equipment.

1842 Sign the Treaty of Nanjing

6

Treaty of NanjingTreaty of Nanjing

China paid Britain’s war costsOpened 5 ports to tradeExtraterritorialityBritain received the island of Hong KongSometimes called the 1st of the Unequal

treatiesWestern powers carved out spheres of

influence (exclusive trading privileges)

7

This cartoon depicts England, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan at the table, ready to cut up China after the Opium

Wars.

England annexed Hong Kong and Kowloon

France took over Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos)

Russia moved into Chinese Turkistan and Manchuria

Japan grabbed Taiwan and won dominance over Korea

Asia was carved up after the Opium Wars

8

The Opium Wars brought an end to the isolation of the ancient Chinese civilization

and introduced far-reaching social, economic and cultural ideas to the Chinese.

Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

9

Chinese reaction to ImperialismChinese reaction to Imperialism

The Taiping Rebellion– 1850 – 1864– Chinese peasants angry over poverty and

corruption/natural disasters/loss of mandate of heaven

– Destroyed Chinese economy– Millions of deaths– Put down with the help of westerners

10

Chinese reformChinese reform

Chinese government resists modernization Self strengthening movement Dowager Empress CI Xi ruled China from 1861

to 1908 Weapons and steam driven ships Western experts 100 days of reform Too little too late United States: Open Door Policy

11

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

Boxers Society of Harmonious Fists1900 throw out the foreignersDeath to foreign devilsGrowth of nationalismFailureWesterners send in 20,000 soldiers to put

down the rebellion

12

The Boxer Rebellion challenged Western commercial and political influence in China. The Chinese, though great in number, could

not stop the imperial forces.

Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

13

Sun Yat- sen (Sun Yixian)Sun Yat- sen (Sun Yixian)

Revolution of 19111st president of Chinese republicThree Principles of Sun Yixian

– End foreign domination– Form a representative government

(democracy)– Create economic security for all Chinese

14Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN