1. Industrial Instrumentation 2. Microprocessors & Micro ... · PDF fileLecture No 17: problems on Stroboscope. Lecture No 18: Accelerometer & classification. Lecture No 19: Gyroscope

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

III B.Tech. II Semester (EIE) 2016-17

ACADEMIC PLAN

1. Industrial Instrumentation

2. Microprocessors & Micro Controllers

3. Bio Medical Instrumentation

4. Computer Organization

5. Process Control Instrumentation

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION (13EIE009)

III B.TECH II SEMESTER (EIE) (R13 Regulations)

Faculty: S.Vandana & P.Sampurna Lakshmi

Course Objectives: 1. To equip the students with the basic knowledge of the physical parameters like Pressure,

Temperature, flow, level, density and viscosity employed in different Industries.

2. To provide sound knowledge about various techniques used for the measurement of industrial

parameters.

3. To understand the construction and working of measuring instruments.

Course Outcomes: 1. To have an adequate knowledge about process transducers like pressure etc.

2. To have an idea about the temperature standards, thermocouples and pyrometry techniques.

3. To study about area flow meters, mass flow meters and calibration.

4. To know about various types of level measurements adopted in industry environment.

UNIT – I

SYLLABUS

METROLOGY:

Measurement of length – Plainness – Area – Diameter – Roughness – Angle – Comparators – Gauge

blocks. Optical Methods for length and distance measurements.

VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT:

Relative velocity – Translational and Rotational velocity measurements – Revolution counters and

Timers - Magnetic and Photoelectric pulse counting stroboscopic methods.

Accelerometers-different types, Gyroscopes-applications.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. At the end of all learning activities the students should able to explain:

2. Metrology

3. Significance of metrology

4. Comparison of techniques for length measurement.

5. Gauge blocks & applications.

6. Different sets of gauge blocks.

7. Angle measurement. Roughness & plainness of surface.

8. Roughness & plainness of surface.

9. Significance of comparator.

10. Various comparators like mechanical, electrical etc

11. Measurement of diameter of a bore.

12. Optical method of length measurement.

13. Area measurement by planimeter.

14. Applications of metrology.

15. Relative velocity & absolute velocity.

16. Translational & rotational velocity measurement

17. Concept of instantaneous velocity & average velocity.

18. Revolution counter & timer.

19. Magnetic pulse counting.

20. Photoelectric pulse counting.

21. Principle of stroboscopic method.

22. Seismic system & usage.

23. Accelerometer Principle.

24. What is free gyro & single gyro?

LECTURE PLAN: (19hrs)

Lecture No 1: Introduction to metrology & functions.

Lecture No 2: Length measurement – vernier caliper, micrometer screw gauge.

Lecture No 3: Gauge blocks.

Lecture No 4: Area measurement-polar planimeter.

Lecture No 5: Angle measurement.

Lecture No 6: Roughness & planimeter.

Lecture No 7: Diameter measurement -3 ball method.

Lecture No 8. Optical method of length & distance measurement.

Lecture No 9: Problems on gauge blocks.

Lecture No 10: Relative, absolute velocity & translational, rotational velocity.

Lecture No 11: Moving magnet type & Moving coil type.

Lecture No 12: Ac tachometer type Dc tachometer type rotational velocity measurement.

Lecture No 13: Revolution counter & timer.

Lecture No 14: Magnetic pulse counting rotational velocity measurement.

Lecture No 15: Photoelectric pulse counting rotational velocity measurement.

Lecture No 16: Stroboscopic method.

Lecture No 17: problems on Stroboscope.

Lecture No 18: Accelerometer & classification.

Lecture No 19: Gyroscope.

TUTORIAL-I

Q.1 Explain the sine bar. Discus the applications.

Q.2 By using suitable gauges construct the length 89.234mm using gauge block set- M-45.

Q.3 By using suitable gauges construct the length 95.624mm using gauge block set- M-86.

Q.4 Differentiate between free gyro & single axis gyro.

Q.5 Ac tachometer type rotational velocity measurement.

Q.6 Dc tachometer type rotational velocity measurement.

Q.7 while measuring speed of a steam turbine with stroboscope single line Images were observed for

stroboscopic setting of 3000, 4000, & 5230 rpm. Calculate the speed of the turbine.

ASSIGNMENT-I Q.1 What is Metrology? Give the Significance of metrology.

Q.2 What is gauge blocks? Explain the different sets.

Q.3 Explain the polar planimeter with diagram.

Q.4 what is comparators? Classify the comparators.

Q.5 Write a short notes on roughness.

Q.6 Differentiate between free gyro & single axis gyro.

Q.7 Ac tachometer type rotational velocity measurement.

Q.8 Dc tachometer type rotational velocity measurement.

Q.9 while measuring speed of a steam turbine with stroboscope single line Images were observed

for stroboscopic setting of 3000, 4000, & 5230 rpm. Calculate the speed of the turbine.

UNIT – II

SYLLABUS

FORCE MEASUREMENT

Force measurement – Different methods –Gyroscopic Force Measurement – Vibrating wire Force

transducer.

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

Basics of Pressure measurement –Manometer types – Force-Balance and Vibrating Cylinder

Transducers – High and Low Pressure measurement – McLeod Gauge, Knudsen Gauge, Momentum

Transfer Gauges, Thermal Conductivity Gauges, Ionization Gauges, Dual Gauge Techniques,

Deadweight Gauges.


At the end of all learning activities the students should able to explain:

1. Force & torque relation.

2. Different methods for force measurement.

3. Load cell.

4. Principle of torque measurement- dynamometer.

5. Gyroscopoic force & torque.

6. Vibrating wire.

7. What is pressure.

8. Manometer & dead weight

9. Significance of force balance transducer.

10. High & low pressure measurement.

11. Principle for McLeod gauge.

12. Significance of Knudsen gauge.

13. Momentum transfer gauge.

14. Thermal conductivity gauge.

15. What is ionization.

16. Concept of dial gauge.

LECTURE PLAN: (17hrs)

Lecture No 1: Introduction to force measurement.

Lecture No 2: Load cell & different techniques.

Lecture No 3: torque measurement- S.G. type torque meter.

Lecture No 4: torque measurement- dynamometer.

Lecture No 5: Gyroscopoic force & torque measurement.

Lecture No 6: Vibrating wire force measurement.

Lecture No 7: Introduction to pressure & manometer.

Lecture No 8: different units of pressure.

Lecture No 9: Deadweight gauge. & different techniques.

Lecture No 10: force balance transducer.

Lecture No 11: Vibrating cylinder transducer.

Lecture No 12: High & low pressure measurement.

Lecture No 13: McLeod gauge, Knudsen gauge.

Lecture No 14: Momentum transfer gauge.

Lecture No 15: Thermal conductivity gauge.

Lecture No 16: Ionization gauges.

Lecture No 17: Concept of dial gauge.

TUTORIAL-II

Q.1 Explain Pneumatic load cell. Give its advantages.

Q.2 A load cell consist of a solid cylinder of steel 40 mm in diameter with 4 strain gauges bonded to it

& connected in 4 arms of voltage sensitive bridge. It is mounted in poisson’s arrangement. If each

gauge of 100 Ω & G.F. is 2.1, bridge excitation voltage is 6 V, determine the sensitivity of cell in

V/KN. Modulus of elasticity of steel is 200 GN/m2.

& poisson’s ratio is 0.29.

Q.3 Explain force balance transducer with diagram.

Q.4 Explain the Thermal conductivity gauge.

Q.5 A mild torsion bar of 30 mm diameter is used for measurement of a torque of 100 Nm .calculate

the angle of twist if the shear modulus of mild steel is 80 GN/m2 .

Assignment-II

1. With a neat diagram explain the Load cell.

2. With a neat sketch explain the operation of dynamometer.

3. Classify the dynamometer. And explain transmission type of dynamometer in details.

4. With neat diagrams explain manometer.

5. Explain the Vibrating cylinder transducer.

6. Write short notes on –

a. Gamma ray method. b. Knudsen gauge.

UNIT – III

SYLLABUS

FLOW MEASUREMENT

Flow Meters- Head type, Area type (Rota meter), electromagnetic type, Positive displacement type,

mass flow meter, ultrasonic type, vertex shedding type, Hotwire anemometer type, Laser Doppler

Velocity-meter.

Learning objectives


1. What is flow.

2. Comparison of head type & area type.

3. Electromagnetic type flow meter.

4. Positive displacement type.

5. Mass flow & ultrasonic type.

6. Significance of vertex shedding type

7. Principle of hotwire anemometer.

8. Laser Doppler velocity meter.

9. Importance of flow parameter in process industry.

Lecture plan: (10hrs) Lecture No 1: Introduction to flow & Units.

Lecture No 2: Head type & area type flow meter.

Lecture No 3: Electromagnetic type flow meter.

Lecture No 4: Positive displacement type.

Lecture No 5: Mass flow type flow meter.

Lecture No 6: Ultrasonic type flow meter.

Lecture No 7: Vertex shedding type flow meter.

Lecture No 8: Hotwire anemometer.

Lecture No 9: Laser Doppler velocity meter.

Lecture No 10: problems on flow measurement.

Tutorial-III

Q.1 Explain the hotwire anemometer.

Q.2 Explain the electromagnetic type flow meter.

Q.3 Explain the Laser Doppler velocity meter.

Assignment-III

1. Differentiate between Head type & area type flow meter.

2. What is meant by Doppler’s effect.

3. Explain the positive displacement type flow meter.

4. Draw & explain ultrasonic type flow meter.

5. Explain different types of accelerometers?

UNIT – IV

SYLLABUS

DENSITY and VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT

Density measurements – Strain Gauge load cell method – Buoyancy method - Air pressure balance

method – Gamma ray method – Vibrating probe method.

Units of Viscosity, specific gravity scales used in Petroleum Industries, Different Methods of

measuring consistency and Viscosity Two float viscorator Industrial consistency meter.

Learning objectives


1. Density, comparison of Density & sp. gravity.

2. How strain gauge is useful for Density measurement.

3. Buoyancy force.

4. Air pressure balance method.

5. Gamma ray method.

6. Vibrating probe method.

7. Mass flow meters.

8. Applications of density in industries.

9. Define Viscosity.

10. About Reynolds Number.

11. Various grades of fluid.

12. Consistency measurement.

Lecture plan: (11hrs)

Lecture No 1: Introduction to density & Units.

Lecture No 2: Volume flow meter plus Density meter.

Lecture No 3: Strain gauge load cell type.

Lecture No 4: Buoyancy force type.

Lecture No 5: Air pressure balance method.

Lecture No 6: Gamma ray method.

Lecture No 7: Vibrating probe method.

Lecture No 8: Mass flow meters.

Lecture No 9: Viscosity fundamentals.

Lecture No 10: Viscosity Measurement Methods

Lecture No 11: Consistency Meters.

Tutorial-IV

Q.1 Compare the sp. gravity & density & their Units.

Q.2 Explain Buoyancy force type density measurement.

Q.3 Define Viscosity Measurement

Q.4 Explain the consistency measurement.

Assignment-IV Q.1 Draw & explain volume flow meter plus Density meter.

Q.2 Draw & explain Air pressure balance method.

Q.3 Define load cell & explain how strain gauge is useful for density measurement.

Q.4 Write a short note on direct mass flow meter.

Q.5 Explain the Viscosity.

Q.6 Explains any one method for viscosity measurement with suitable diagram.

Q.7 Explain the industrial consistency meter in detail.

UNIT – V

SYLLABUS

OTHER MEASUREMENTS

Sound-Level Meters, Microphones, Time, Frequency, and Phase-Angle measurements. Basic Level

measurements, Humidity Measurement, Chemical Composition. Particle Instruments and Clean-

Room.

Learning objectives


1. Sound level.

2. Microphone & application.

3. Time & frequency relation.

4. Phase & angle measurement.

5. Liquid level.

6. Humidity.

7. Chemical composition.

8. Clean room technology.

Lecture plan: (7hrs)

Lecture No 1: Sound level meter.

Lecture No 2: time &frequency measurement.

Lecture No 3: Phase & angle measurement.

Lecture No 4: Liquid level.

Lecture No 5: Humidity

Lecture No 6: Chemical composition.

Lecture No 7: Particle instruments & Clean room technology.

Tutorials-V

Q.1 Explain the digital frequency meter.

Q.2 Explain any one technique for Liquid level measurement.

Assignment-V

Q.1 Explain time &frequency measurement.

Q.2 How we can measure the humidity? Suggest two methods.

Q.3 what is Clean room technology.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Measurement Systems – Applications and Design – by Doeblin E.O., 4/e, McGraw Hill

International, 1990.

2. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation – Patranabis D. TMH. End edition 1997

REFERENCES

1. Process Instruments and Control Handbook – by Considine D.M., 4/e, McGraw Hill International,

1993.

2. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements – by Jain R.K., Khanna Publishers, 1986.

3. Instrument Technology, vol. I – by Jones E.B., Butterworths, 1981.

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS


Faculty: R. Manjula Sri and S. Nagarjuna chary

UNIT- I

SYLLABUS

Introduction to 8085 microprocessor, Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor, addressing modes of

8086, Instruction set of 8086, Assembler directives, Simple assembly language programs, procedures

and macros, Pin diagram of 8086 – Minimum mode and Maximum mode of operation.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the conclusion of this unit student should be able to :

1. Understand the term microprocessors and its applications.

2. Understand the architecture and addressing modes of 8086

3. Describe the memory segmentation.

4. Describe for each instruction: its operation the current syntax and flags affected by the

instruction

5. Describe the assembler directives.

6. Write assembly language programs for various operations.

7. Explain Minimum and Maximum mode operations of 8086

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule: 16 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Evolution of microprocessors family and introduction to 8085

LECTURE 2: Architecture of 8086

LECTURE 3: Programming model of 8086 and Memory Segmentation, Addressing Modes of 8086

LECTURE 4: Instruction set: Data transfer instructions

LECTURE 5: Flag, port, stack transfer instructions.

LECTURE 6: Arithmetic instructions

LECTURE 7: Logical instructions and simple programs.

LECTURE 8: String instructions and simple programs.

LECTURE 9: Branch and other process control instructions

LECTURE 10: Procédures and macros, Assembler directives

LECTURE 11: Pin diagram of 8086: minimum mode operation

LECTURE 12: Sample programs

TUTORIAL-I

• Explain Physical address calculation in 8086, Calculate physical address for the following

segment and offset addresses

Segment address: 2000H offset address: 1234H

• Write a program to transfer 10 Bytes of data starting from 2000H memory location to the

destination address 3000H

• Write a progrm to find maximum / minimum of a set of given numbers and arrange them in

ascending/descending order.

• Write a program to display howmany have got more than75 marks,60 marks and 50 marks in

a class of 76 out of 100 marks.

ASSIGNMENT -I

• What does the PUBLIC and EXTERN directives indicate when placed in a program module?

• Explain conditional and unconditional jump instructions with an example.

• Write an assembly language program to find the length of a string which terminates with a

special character $.

• Explain the pins which differentiates minimum mode and maximum mode of operations of

8086

• Discuss about the memory segmentation in 8086

• Draw and explain physical memory organization of 8086

• Explain about immediate and register relative addressing modes of 8086 with examples

• Explain the following instructions: CALL, IRET, INT,PUSH

UNIT – II

SYLLABUS

8255 – PPI – various modes of operation and interfacing to 8086. Interfacing keyboard, displays, D/A

and A/D converter to 8086, memory interfacing to 8086, Interfacing DMA controller to 8086.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the conclusion of this unit student should be able to:

1. List and describe various modes of operation of 8255

2. Interface 8255 to the 8086 µp

3. Explain the D/A and A/D converter interfacing

4. Know memory interfacing to 8086

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Memory and I/O Management, Internal block diagram of 8255 and modes of operation

LECTURE 2: BSR and I/O control word formats, Programming

LECTURE 3: Interfacing two 8255s to 8086, Interfacing switches and LED s to 8086 through 8255

LECTURE 4: Interfacing A/D converter to 8086 and its programming

LECTURE 5: Interfacing D/A converter to 8086 and its programming

LECTURE 6: Interfacing Stepper Motor

LECTURE 7: Interfacing various memory ICs of different sizes to 8086

TUTORIAL-II

Write an ALP for interfacing DAC to 8086.

Program the DAC interfacing with 8086 processor

Write a program for generating Square wave

Write a program to generating Triangular wave

ASSIGNMENT-II

• Write I/O control word to make port A as input in mode 1 and Port B as output in mode 1

• Explain how to interface 7-segment display to 8086 using 8255

• Explain how to interface keyboard to 8086 using 8255

• In SDK – 86 kit 128KB SRAM and 64KB EPROM is provided on system and provision for

expansion of another 128KB SRAM is given. The on system SRAM address starts from

00000H and that of EPROM ends with FFFFF H. The expansion slot address map is from

80000H to 9FFFF H. The size of SRAM chip is 64KB. EPROM chip size is 16KB. Give the

complete memory interface and also the address map for individual chips? Draw the block diagram to interface 8086 with ADC also write assembly language

program for ADC interfacing to 8086

UNIT – III

SYLLABUS

Serial communication standards, Serial Data Transfer Schemes, 8251 USART architecture and

interfacing, RS232C , IEEE 488 standards, Interrupt structure of 8086, Interrupt Vector table, need for

8259.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


1. Understand need for serial I / O.

2. Show and describe the meaning of the bits in the format used for sending asynchronous and

synchronous data

3. Initialize a USART (8251) for transmitting and receiving serial data in specified format.

4. Describe the function of major signals in the RS – 232C standard

5. Interface between RS 232C and TTL signal levels and vice versa

6. Interrupt structure of 8086

7. Need for 8259 programmable Interrupt Controller

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule:10 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Need for serial I/O, serial-parallel comparison, asynchronous – synchronization

communications.

LECTURE 2: Internal block diagram of 8251. Mode word format

LECTURE 3: command word format of 8251 Initialization and programming of 8251

LECTURE 4: 8251 Interfacing to 8086

LECTURE 5: TTL to RS-232 C and RS-232 C to TTL conversion

LECTURE 6: program for serial data transfer

LECTURE 7: Describe the interrupt response of an 8086 family processor

LECTURE 8: 8086 interrupt vector table

LECTURE 9: Need of 8259A priority interrupt controller and its architecture

TUTORIAL-III

Write an initialization sequence to operate 8251 in asynchronous mode with 8 – bit

character size, baud rate factor 64, two stop bits and odd parity enable. The 8251 is

interfaced with 8086 at address 082H.

Write the instruction sequence to re – initialize the above 8251 in synchronous mode with

even parity, single SYNC character and 8 – bit character size?

ASSIGNMENT – QUESTIONS

a) Discuss the sequence of operations performed in the interrupt acknowledge cycle?

b) What is the purpose of IF flag in handling the interrupts?

Discuss Overrun error and Framing error with reference to 8251?

Write a program sequence which initializes the mode register and gives a command to

enable the transmitter and begin an asynchronous transmission of 7 – bit characters

followed by an even parity bit and stop bits. Explain the program.

Explain need of 8259

UNIT – IV

SYLLABUS

Introduction to Microcontrollers, 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, I/O ports , Memory

organization, counters and timers, serial data input/output, interrupts, addressing modes, instruction

set of 8051,simple programs.

Timer, serial poet and interrupt programming: programming 8051 timers/counters, 8051 Serial port

programming, programming timer interrupts, programming external hardware interrupts,

programming serial communication interrupts.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


1. Compare microprocessors and microcontrollers

2. Describe programming model of 8051

3. Describe instruction set and addressing modes of 8051

4. program Timer in difficult modes of operation

5. describe serial port programming

6. Describe the interrupt structure of 8051 and interrupt programming.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Introduction to microcontrollers & differences between μC & μP

LECTURE 2: Architecture of 8051, registers & memory configurations

LECTURE 3: Programming model of 8051

LECTURE 4: Pin functions, ports circuits and operations

LECTURE 5: Timers and timer modes

LECTURE 6: formats of SFRs

LECTURE 7: formats of SFRs

LECTURE 8: Serial I / O modes

LECTURE 9: Serial I / O programming

LECTURE 10: Interrupts

LECTURE 11: Instruction set with examples



LECTURE 14: programming timer interrupts

LECTURE 15: programming external hardware interrupts

LECTURE 16: programming serial communication interrupts

TUTORIAL-IV

Write a 8051 program to find Y where Y=x2+2x+5 and x is between 0 and 9

Generate a square wavwe form of 50% duty cycle on P1.5 pin and use Timer 0 for time

delay.calculate the time dalay and frequency of the square wave if the contents of timer register is

FFF2h.

Take the data in through port 0,1,2 one after the other and transfer this data serially continuously.

Interface 8255 to 8051.

ASSIGNMENT - IV

Draw the TMOD register format and explain the different operating modes of timer in 8051

microcontroller.

List the features of 8051

Explain how serial communication is performed in 8051 microcontroller

Explain interrupts of 8051

Explain about internal organization of RAM in 8051

Draw and explain port 1 structure of 8051

Draw and discuss the formats and bit definitions of the following SFR’s in 8051 microcontroller.

(a) PCON (b) PSW (c) IP (d) TMOD

UNIT – V

SYLLABUS

Interfacing to 8051: A/D and D/A Converter, Stepper Motor Interface, Key Board Interfacing, LCD

Interfacing.

ARM Processor: Fundamentals, Registers, current program status register, pipeline, Exceptions,

Interrupt and the vector table.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


1. Interface A/D and D/A Converter with 8051 controller

2. Interface Stepper Motor and Key Board with 8051 controller.

3. Interface LCD with 8051 controller.

4. List Features of AVR, and Describe architecture and peripheral components of AVR

5. Explain Instruction execution, exception handling and pipelining.

6. Interrupt structure of AVR

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Interface A/D Converter with 8051 controller and programming.

LECTURE 2: Interface D/A Converter with 8051 controller and programming.

LECTURE 3: Interfacing Stepper Motor and LCD with 8051 controller and programming

LECTURE 4: Key Board with 8051 controller and programming

LECTURE 5 Introduction to CISC & RISC architectures and AVR microcontroller

LECTURE 6: AVR processor architecture and the register file structure and formats.

LECTURE 7: Interrupt structure of AVR RISC controller and Interrupt vector table

LECTURE 8: Review of UNIT-V

TUTORIAL-V

Interface LCD to 8051 microcontroller.

Interface keyboard to 8051 controller.

ASSIGNMENT - V

Explain MCU status register and timer/counter0 control register

Draw and explain the architecture of AVR

Describe various memory maps available to an AVR

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION


Faculty: D. Swetha & K. Sudha Rani

UNIT-I

SYLLABUS

Bio-signals and their characteristics, organization of cell, Nernst equation of membrane,

Resting and Action potentials.Bio-amplifiers, characteristics of medical instruments,

problems encountered with measurements from living systems. Bio-potential electrodes –

Body surface recording electrodes, Internal electrodes, micro electrodes.Bio-chemical

transducers – reference electrode, the pH electrodes, Blood gas electrodes.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


understand the importance of Biomedical Instrumentation

understand significant aspects of medical measurements and instrumentation thereof

understand the functioning of excitable cells and an overview of ECG, EEG, EMG

understand various the theory behind the working of various electrodes used in/for

bio- measurements

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Overview, WIT & WIL

LECTURE 2: Medical Measurements

LECTURE 3: Bioelectric Potentials: Overview, ECG, EEG, and EMG

LECTURE 4: ECG

LECTURE 5: EEG and EMG

LECTURE 6: Bio-potential electrodes- Body surface recording electrodes

LECTURE 7: Internal electrodes

LECTURE 8: micro electrodes

LECTURE 9: Bio-chemical transducers – reference electrode

LECTURE 10: Reference electrode

LECTURE 11: The pH electrodes

LECTURE 12: Blood gas electrodes.

TUTORIAL-I

1. Derive Nernst Equation.

2. Write short notes on a) Action Potential b) Resting potential c) Bio signals

3. Sketch the different types of electrodes according to construction?

4. Explain how the electrodes used for EEG, ECG construction & performance.

ASSIGNMENT -I

1. Briefly discuss about Bio signals and their characteristics.

2. Explain the different problems encountered in measurements from human body.

3. Explain the conduction of action potential and resting potential

4. List out the internal and external electrodes and explain.

5. Describe micro electrodes, needle electrodes

6. Describe surface electrodes

UNIT II

SYLLABUS

Heart and cardiovascular system Heart electrical activity, blood pressure and heart sounds.

Cardiovascular measurements electrocardiography – electrocardiogram, ECG Amplifier,

Electrodes and leads, ECG recorder principles. Types of ECG recorders, Principles of blood

pressure and blood flow measurement.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


understand the functioning of human heart and cardiovascular system

understand and interpret an ECG signal and correlate it to cardiac functioning

understand the practical measurement methodology and systems for ECG

understand the concepts of blood flow and pressure in human body

understand the ways of measuring blood pressure and blood flow

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Cardiac Conduction System

LECTURE 2: blood pressure and heart sounds

LECTURE 3: ECG Electrode Configuration

LECTURE 4: ECG Amplifier

LECTURE 5: Electrodes and leads

LECTURE 6: Electrodes and leads

LECTURE 7: ECG recorder principles

LECTURE 8: Types of ECG recorders

LECTURE 9: Types of ECG recorders

LECTURE 10: Principles of blood pressure

LECTURE 11: blood flow measurement

LECTURE 12: Review

TUTORIAL-II

1. What are the functions of SA node & AV node?

2. With the help of neat sketch explain the functioning of heart?

3. Explain the different modes of measurements of blood pressure in detail

4. Explain in detail about the electrodes and lead configurations?

ASSIGNMENT –II

1. Explain the working procedure of ECG amplifier with the help of neat diagram.

2. Explain in detail about the ECG Electrode Configuration

3. What are different types of ECG recorders and explain each of them in brief?

4. Explain the different modes of measurements of blood pressure in detail?

UNIT III

SYLLABUS

Anatomy of the nervous system-neuronal communication, electro encephalogram (EEG),

EEG Measurements EEG electrode-placement system, interpretation of EEG, EEG system

Block diagram, pre-amplifiers and amplifiers, Anatomy of vision, electrophysiology of the

Eye (ERG) Spatial properties of ERG, the electrooculogram (EOG), Ophthalmoscopes,

Tonometer for eye pressure measurement.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


understand the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and the significance of

neuronal communication

understand the concept of EEG, its importance in diagnosis of brain-related or neural

disorders, measurement and interpretation of EEG

understand the concept of vision and the functioning of the human eye

understand the measurements pertaining to the eye: EOG, ERG, eye pressure, and fundus

imaging.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Anatomy of the Nervous System

LECTURE 2: electro encephalogram (EEG)

LECTURE 3: EEG Measurements, EEG electrode-placement system

LECTURE 4: interpretation of EEG

LECTURE 5: EEG system Block diagram

LECTURE 6: EEG pre-amplifiers and amplifiers

LECTURE 7: Anatomy of vision

LECTURE 8: electrophysiology of the Eye (ERG)

LECTURE 9: Spatial properties of ERG

LECTURE 10: electrooculogram (EOG)

LECTURE 11: Ophthalmoscopes

LECTURE 12: Tonometer for eye pressure measurement.

LECTURE 13: Review

TUTORIAL III

1. Write short notes on ERG and EOG?

2. Describe the 10-20 electrode system used in EEG?

3. Write short notes on Ophthalmoscopes?

ASSIGNMENT III

1. With a neat block diagram explain about EEG?

2. Write short notes on EEG preamplifiers?

3. Explain in detail about the spatial properties of ERG?

4. Explain about the electrooculogram (EOG) in detail?

UNIT IV

SYLLABUS

Therapeutic equipment, Pacemaker, Defibrillator, Shortwave diathermy. Hemodialysis

machine. Respiratory Instrumentation - Mechanism of respiration, Spirometry,

Pneumotachograph, Ventilators.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


understand the use of major medical equipment used in various therapies and for critical

care understand the functioning of pacemaker and defibrillator during cardiac disorders

understand the need and application of SW Diathermy

understand the necessity of hemodialysis

understand the mechanism of various respiratory instrumentation such as spirometers,

pneumotachographs, and ventilators.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Therapeutic equipment- Pacemaker

LECTURE 2: Defibrillator

LECTURE 3: Shortwave diathermy

LECTURE 4: Hemodialysis machine

LECTURE 5: Respiratory Instrumentation

LECTURE 6: Mechanism of respiration

LECTURE 7: Spirometry

LECTURE 8: Pneumotachograph

LECTURE 9: Ventilators.

LECTURE 10: Review

TUTORIAL IV

1. Explain the fibrillation and defibrillation in the heart and hence explain the defibrillation

with neat circuit diagrams?

2. Explain the working of the spirometer.

3. Discuss about the ventilators.

ASSIGNMENT IV

1. What are the different modes of triggering in a pacemaker?

2. Explain with block diagram, the asynchronous pacemaker?

3. Explain the displays used in patient monitoring system?

4. Describe the digital computer along with its biomedical applications?

5. Describe any one of the biomedical equipment controlled by a microprocessor?

6. Explain the block diagram of ventricular, synchronous demand pacemaker?

7. Describe atrial triggering pacemaker?

8. Explain the mechanism of respiration

9. Explain the terms:

a) IRV.

b) Tidal Volume.

c) Dead space.

UNIT V

SYLLABUS

Modern medical imaging systems-Radiography, computed Radiography, Computed

Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine, Single Photon

Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET),

Ultrasonography.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


understand the importance of medical imaging

understand the various medical imaging systems including CT, PET, SPECT, and MRI

understand the significance of nuclear medicine and its application to treatment and

diagnosis of various medical conditions

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Radiography

LECTURE 2: computed Radiography

LECTURE 3: Computed Tomography (CT)

LECTURE 4 : Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

LECTURE 5: Nuclear Medicine

LECTURE 6: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

LECTURE 7: Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

LECTURE 8: Ultrasonography

LECTURE 9: Ultrasonography

LECTURE 10: Review

TUTORIAL V

1. What do you mean by CT? Give the mathematical details of obtaining X-ray image in

CT?

2. Draw the block diagram of a CT and explain different blocks in it.

3. Briefly mention the details of positron emission tomographic technique?

ASSIGNMENT V

1. Explain briefly about the magnetic resonance imaging?

2. Write short notes on Ultrasonography?

3. With a neat block diagram explain about the Positron Emission Tomography?

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

III B.TECH II SEMESTER (EIE) (R13 Regulation)

Subject code: 13ITD004

Faculty: Jyothirmai Joshi & Madhusudan Kulkarni

UNIT- I

SYLLABUS

BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS: Computer types, functional unit, basic operational

concepts, bus structures, multi processors and multi computers, multi tasking.

Register Transfer Language and Micro operations: Register Transfer language, Register

Transfer, Arithmetic Microoperations, Logic Microoperations, Shift Microoperations, Arithmetic

logic shift unit.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


Identifying and understanding the working of various blocks of a Computers.

Understand basic functional units of a Computer.

Understanding the Computer bus structure.

Analyzing basic operational concepts.

Understand concepts of multi processors and multi computers, multi tasking.

Understand the basic concepts of Register transfer language.

Understand the concept of us transfer and memory transfer.

Get familiarize with various Arithmetic, Logical and shift micro operations.

Understand the hardware to perform various micro operations.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Defining what is Computer Organization and an overview of Block diagram

LECTURE 2: Types of Computers and functional types

LECTURE 3: Basic Operational Concepts of Computer

LECTURE 4: Understanding of Bus structure

LECTURE 5: Overview of Multiprocessors, Multicomputer and Multi tasking.

LECTURE 6: Introduction to Register transfer language

LECTURE 7: Register transfer Bus & memory transfers

LECTURE 8: Register transfer Bus & memory transfers.

LECTURE 9: Arithmetic micro operations

LECTURE 10: Arithmetic micro operations

LECTURE 11: Logical and Shift micro operations

LECTURE 12: Logical and Shift micro operations

LECTURE 13: Arithmetic Logical shift unit

TUTORIAL-I

1. Explain Computer Organization and Computer Design in a detailed fashion.

2. Explain about various buses such as internal, external, backplane, I/O, system, address, data and

control.

3. Discuss the reasons for undermining bus performance. What do you mean by multiple - bus

hierarchies?

4. Explain about communication topologies used in multiprocessors.

5. Give a short note on Register transfer language?

6. Explain about Arithmetic, Shift and logical micro operations and draw a circuit which performs

above operations.

7. Design a register selection circuit to select one of the four 4-bit registers content on to bus.

ASSIGNMENT -1

1. Describe various system buses available in computer Organization?

2. Analyze the different micro-operations available?

3. Enumerate the working principle of arithmetic logic shift unit?

4. What are different communication topologies for multiprocessor?

UNIT – II

SYLLABUS

BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN: Instruction Codes, Computer Registers, computer

instructions – instruction Cycle, memory reference instructions, input-output and interrupt.

Central Processing Unit: Stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes, data

transfer and manipulation, program control, CISC and RISC.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this unit student should be able to:

Understand basic Instruction codes of a computer.

Get familiarized with various Computer registers and instructions.

Understand Instruction cycle.

Understand what interrupt is.

Familiarize with Stack organization.

Understand various instruction formats and addressing modes.

Know different data transfer and manipulation & program control instructions.

Understand the concept of RISC and CISC.

LECTURE SCHEDULE (Lecture schedule: 15 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Instruction codes

LECTURE 2: Computer registers and Computer instructions

LECTURE 3: Computer registers and Computer instructions

LECTURE 4: Instruction cycle

LECTURE 5: Instruction cycle

LECTURE 6: Memory reference instructions

LECTURE 7: Input –output and interrupt

LECTURE 8: Input –output and interrupt

LECTURE 9: Stack organization

LECTURE 10: Instruction formats

LECTURE 11: Addressing modes

LECTURE 12: Addressing modes

LECTURE 13: Data transfer and manipulation

LECTURE 14: Program control and RISC

LECTURE 15: Program control and RISC

TUTORIAL-II

1) Discuss about the basic instruction cycle with block diagram.

2) Define:

a) Sequence counter b) Program Counter

c) Micro operations d) Instruction and Instruction code

d) Interrupt f) Addressing mode.

3)List the characteristics of CISC processor.

4)Describe Instruction cycle of an Instruction with neat sketch.

ASSIGNMENT-II

1) Write about various addressing modes. Why do we need so many addressing modes? Is the instruction size

influenced by the number of addressing modes which a processor supports? State whether the number of

addressing modes will be more in RISC or CISC?

2) Explain about stack organization. How X = (A+B)/(A-B) is evaluated in a stack based computer.

3) What is an instruction? Describe a simple instruction format with an example.

4) Mention the different instruction types. Briefly explain each of them with an example.

5) Differentiate between RISC and CISC processors

UNIT – III

SYLLABUS

MICRO-PROGRAMMED CONTROL: Control memory, address sequencing, micro program example,

Design of control unit, hardwired control, micro-programmed control.

The Memory Organization: Memory hierarchy, Main Memory, Cache memory, performance

considerations, virtual memory, secondary storage.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


Know basic concepts of control memory.

Describe various address sequencing and micro program examples.

Learn design issues of control unit, hardwired and micro programmed control unit.

Understand memory hierarchy.

Know basic concepts of semiconductor RAM and ROM memories.

Understand concept of Cache memory and its memory mapping techniques.

Describe various performance considerations.

Learn about Virtual memory and various Secondary storage devices.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Control memory address sequencing

LECTURE 2: Control memory address sequencing

LECTURE 3: Micro program examples

LECTURE 4: Design of control unit

LECTURE 5: Hardwired control and micro programmed control

LECTURE 6: Hardwired control and micro programmed control

LECTURE 7: RAM and ROM memories

LECTURE 8: RAM and ROM memories

LECTURE 9: Cache memory

LECTURE 10: Cache memory

LECTURE 11: Performance considerations

LECTURE 12: Virtual memory

LECTURE 13: Virtual memory

LECTURE 14: Secondary storage

TUTORIAL-III

1) Explain the functioning of a Control Unit.

2) Define control word, control memory, control address register and control buffer register.

3) Define control unit & also write all the micro operations of CU?

4) What are the major design considerations in microinstruction sequencing?

5) Explain about microinstruction sequencing techniques specifically variable format address microinstruction.

6) Write differences between hardwired control and micro programmed control?

7) Explain the following with applications for each:

a) ROM b) PROM c) EPROM d) EEPROM.

8) Give the detailed picture of Memory Hierarchy.

ASSIGNMENT-III

1) Explain how the Bit Cells are organized in a Memory Chip.

2) Explain the organization of a 1K x 1 Memory with a neat sketch.

3) What are the different types of Mapping Techniques used in the usage of Cache Memory? Explain.

4) A two-way set associative cache memory uses blocks of 4 words. The cache can accommodate a total of 2048

words from main memory. The main memory size is 124K x 32.

i. Formulate the information required to construct cache Memory

ii. What is the size of cache Memory.

5) What is Virtual memory? Explain memory mapping techniques in Virtual memory.

6) Explain Cache memory and its memory mapping techniques.

UNIT – IV

SYLLABUS

COMPUTER ARITHMETIC: Addition and subtraction, multiplication algorithms, Division algorithms,

floating-point arithmetic operations, Decimal arithmetic unit, Decimal arithmetic operations.

INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION: Peripheral devices, input-output interface, asynchronous data transfer,

modes of transfer, priority interrupt, direct memory access.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


Learn about various addition, subtraction, multiplication and division algorithms.

Learn about floating point arithmetic operations.

Learn about Decimal arithmetic and Decimal arithmetic operations.

Know about various peripheral devices.

Learn about input output interface.

Describe various asynchronous transfer modes.

Describe various interrupts and DMA.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Addition and Subtraction with signed magnitude and 2’s complement numbers and

implementation

LECTURE 2: Addition algorithm with flowchart and example

LECTURE 3: Addition algorithm with flowchart and example

LECTURE 4: Subtraction algorithm with flowchart and example

LECTURE 5: Multiplication algorithms with flowchart

LECTURE 6: Multiplication algorithms with flowchart

LECTURE 7: Division algorithms with flowchart

LECTURE 8: Division algorithms with flowchart

LECTURE 9: Floating-point arithmetic operations

LECTURE 10: Floating-point arithmetic operations

LECTURE 11: Decimal arithmetic unit and Decimal arithmetic operations

LECTURE 12: Decimal arithmetic unit and Decimal arithmetic operations

LECTURE 13: Peripheral devices and input-output interface

LECTURE 14: Asynchronous transfer and Modes of transfer

LECTURE 15: Asynchronous transfer and Modes of transfer

LECTURE 16: Priority interrupt and direct memory access

TUTORIAL-IV

Explain the algorithm for Booths multiplication algorithm with a flowchart

Explain single precision and double precision calculations. Give example where double precision

calculations are needed.

How many bits are needed to store the result addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two n-bit

unsigned numbers? Prove.

Explain the following:

(a) Isolated Vs Memory mapped I/O

(b) I/O Bus Vs Memory Bus

(c) I/O Interface

(d) Peripheral Devices

ASSIGNMENT - IV

1) Multiply 10111 with 10011 using Booths algorithm.

2) What is overflow and underflow?

3) Explain the following:

(a) Asynchronous Serial Transfer

(b) Asynchronous Communication Interface

4) Enumerate different floating point operations

UNIT – V

SYLLABUS

PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING: Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction

pipeline, RISC pipeline Vector Processing, Array Processors.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES


Know various parallel processing mechanisms.

Learn about arithmetic and instruction pipelining.

Describes the RISC pipeline vector processing.

Learn about vector and array processors.

LECTURE SCHEDULE

UNIT – V


LECTURE 1: Parallel processing.

LECTURE 2: Parallel processing..

LECTURE 3: Pipelining

LECTURE 4: Arithmetic pipeline

LECTURE 5: Instruction pipeline

LECTURE 6: Instruction pipeline.

LECTURE 7: RISC pipeline

LECTURE 8: Vector processing

LECTURE 9: array processors

TUTORIAL-V

1) What is pipelining? Explain four segment pipelining.

2) What is Arithmetic pipeline? Explain.

3) Explain the following with related to the Instruction Pipeline

(a) Data dependency

(b) Hardware interlocks

4) Write a short note on Vector processing and Array processors

.

ASSIGNMENT - V

1) What are the pipeline conflicts that occur in Instruction Pipeline?

2) How is parallel processing performed?

3) Explain RISC pipeline in detail.

VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology

III YEAR B.TECH. EIE – II SEM

PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION (13EIE008)

ACADEMIC PLAN

LECTURE PER WEEK: 5 NO. OF

WEEKS: 12

FACULTY MEMBER: Bharati. Sagi

------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process Control is the study of automatic control principles applied to chemical

processes. Controlling process industries refers to the regulation of all aspects of the process.

Precise control of level, temperature, pressure and flow is important in many process

applications. To introduce students to fundamental principles in system dynamics and control,

with emphasis on process systems and the problems faced by process engineers. The field of

process control instrumentation deals with monitoring process parameters and adjust the

process (control) based on that information. Technological advancements in process

monitoring, control and industrial automation over the past decades have contributed greatly

to improve the productivity of virtually all manufacturing industries throughout the world.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To identify and monitor process parameters of various processes

2. Understand the principles of controllers, degrees of freedom and control valves.

3. Recognize these principles written in form of mathematical equations for various control

applications.

4. Apply these equations to analyze problems by making good assumptions ans learn

systematic engineering methods to solve practical process control problems.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the subject, students will be able to:

a. Understand and discuss the importance of process control in process operation and

the role of process control engineers

b. Understand and design the modern hardware and instrumentation needed to

implement process control.

c. Develop mathematical models of chemical processes by writing unsteady-state mass

and energy balances.

d. Understand different types of controllers , control actions and advanced control

schemes

e. Analyze linear dynamical systems using matrix algebra, Laplace transforms, and

differential equations

f. Design and tune feedback controllers on real systems as well as simulated systems

using LabVIEW.

UNIT: I

SYLLABUS:

PROCESS DYNAMICS

Process variables – Load variables – Dynamics of simple pressure, flow level and temperature

process – interacting and non-interacting systems – continuous and batch process – self-

regulation – Servo and Regulator operation - problems.


Up on the completion of syllabus student would be able to

Need of Process Control

Applications of Process Control

Elements of Process Dynamics

Different Process Operation

Modelling of process

Types of process

LECTURE PLAN:(12hrs)

Lecture 1. Introduction to Process Control Instrumentation

Lecture 2. Process Dynamics and variables

Lecture 3. Elements of Process Dynamics

Lecture 4. First and Second Order System Response

Lecture 5. Pressure Process Dynamics

Lecture 6. Level Process Dynamics

Lecture 7. Temperature Process Dynamics

Lecture 8. Non –Interacting System

Lecture 9. Interacting System

Lecture 10. Batch and Continuous Process

Lecture 11. Servo and Regulator Operation

Lecture 12.Problems

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS-I

1. Why Do We Need Process Control?

2. What is a Process?

3. What is Process Control?

4. What is Open Loop Control?

5. What is Closed Loop Control?

6. What are the Modes of Control?

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS-I

1. What are the Basic Elements of Process Control?

2. Explain time constant element with transfer function models?

3. Derive transfer functions for interacting system and comment on result?

4. Derive transfer functions for non-interacting system and comment on result?

5. Differentiate between batch and continuous process?

6. Differentiate between servo and regulator operation?

UNIT: II

SYLLABUS

CONTROL ACTIONS AND CONTROLLERS AND TYPES OF CONTROLLERS

Basic control actions – characteristics of two position, three position, Proportional, Single

speed floating, Integral and Derivative control modes – PI, PD, PID control modes –

Problems – types of controllers-Pneumatic, Hydraulic and Electronic Controllers to

realize various control actions.


Up on the completion of syllabus student would be able to

Know different control actions

Different types of controllers

Continuous and Discontinuous controller mode

P, I and D control actions and characteristics

Pneumatic , Hydraulic and Electronic Controllers

Realization of Pneumatic , Hydraulic and Electronic Controllers

LECTURE PLAN:(12hrs)

Lecture 1. Introduction to Control actions

Lecture 2. Two position Control

Lecture 3. Three position control

Lecture 4. Proportional Control action

Lecture 5. Integral Control action

Lecture 6 Derivative Control action

Lecture 7. PI Controller

Lecture 8. PD Controller

Lecture 9 PID Controller

Lecture 10. Pneumatic Controller

Lecture 11. Hydraulic Controller

Lecture 12. Electronic Controller

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS-II

1. Mention two drawbacks of derivative action

2. Define proportional control mode

3. Define proportional band.

4. Why is the electronic controller preferred to pneumatic controller?

5. Explain the function of controller.

6. Write any two limitations of single speed floating control.

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS-II

1. Why derivative mode of control is not recommended for a noisy process?

2. What is offset error?

3. Explain the PID Controller?

4. Define Discontinuous mode of controller.

5. Give an example for Discontinuous and Continuous mode of controller.

6. Explain pneumatic controller?

UNIT: III

SYLLABUS

CONTROLLER SETTINGS AND TUNING OF CONTROLLERS

Evaluation criteria – 1/4th decay ratio, IEA, ISE, ITAE - determination of optimum settings for

mathematically described process using time response and frequency response-Tuning process curve

reaction method – continuous oscillation method – damped oscillation method – problems.


Up on the completion of syllabus student would be explaining

Controller Settings

Selection of Controller parameter

Design of Controller

Different Controller evaluation criterion

Different Tuning methods

Optimum settings for processes

LECTURE PLAN(9hrs)

Lecture 1. Introduction to Controller settings and Controller tuning

Lecture 2. Controller Evaluation Criteria-1

Lecture 3. Controller Evaluation Criteria-2

Lecture 4. Tuning of Controllers

Lecture 5. PRC Method

Lecture 6. Continuous oscillation method

Lecture 7. C-C Tuning method

Lecture 8. Z-n Tuning Methods

Lecture 9. Problems

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS-III

1. What are the steps involved to design a best controller?

2. Write Ziegler- Nicolas turning formulae.

3. Define controller turning..

4. What performance criterion should be used for the selection and turning of

controller?

5. What do you mean by Chromatogram? Draw a typical Chromatogram and Explain the

different terms in it. With a neat block diagram explain the basic parts of gas

Chromatograph.

6. What do you mean by reaction curve.

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS-II

7. Define ultimate gain?

8. What is ITAE and when to go for it?

9. What are the parameters required to design a best controller?

10. Write any tow practical significance of the gain margin

11. What is turning a controller based on quarter – decay ratio?

12. What is ISE , ITAE and IAE?

UNIT: IV

SYLLABUS

FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS AND CONTROL VALVES

I/P Converter , P/I converter - pneumatic, electric and hydraulic actuators – valve positioner- Control

valves – characteristic of control valves – valve body – Globe, Butterfly, diaphragm, Ball valves –

Control valve sizing – Cavitations, flashing - problems.


Up on the completion of syllabus student would be explaining

Working principle of I/P and P/I converters

Types of Actuators

Working principle of Actuators

Types of Control Valves

Control Valve Characteristics

Control Valve Sizing

Cavitation and Flashing

LECTURE PLAN

Lecture 1. Role of Final Control Elements

Lecture 2. Working of I/P and P/I Converters

Lecture 3. Types of Actuators: Electrical Actuators

Lecture 4. Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuators

Lecture 5. Types of Control Valves-1

Lecture 6. Types of Control Valves-1

Lecture 7. Valve Sizing

Lecture 8. Control Valve Characteristics

Lecture 9. Cavitation and flashing

Lecture 10.Problems

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS-IV

1. What is flashing in control valve?

2. When do you use a valve positioner?

3. Give two examples for electric actuators.

4. What is the need of I/P converter in a control system?

5. Why installed characteristics of a control valve is different from inherent

characteristics?

6. Explain the function of pneumatic transmission lines.

7. What is the purpose of final control element.

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS-IV

1. What is meant by cavitations in control valve?

2. What is “equal percentage” in the equal percentage valve?

3. What is “quack opening” control valve.

4. What is “Linear” control valve.

5. What are the different types of valves?

6. Define Control Valve sizing.

UNIT: V

SYLLABUS

MULTILOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

Feed forward control – Ratio control – Cascade control – Split range – Multivariable control and

examples from distillation column and Boiler system and heat exchanger.


Up on the completion of syllabus student will able to

Know different control Techniques

Know drawbacks of feedback control system

Learn Feedforward , Cascade , Ratio and Split range Control Schemes

Learn Applications of Feedforward , Cascade , Ratio and Split range Control

Schemes

Distillation and Boiler Control

LECTURE PLAN(9hrs)

Lecture 1. Introduction to Multiloop Control System

Lecture 2. Feed forward control

Lecture 3. Ratio control

Lecture 4. Cascade control

Lecture 5. Cascade control- examples

Lecture 6. Split Range Control

Lecture 7. Distillation Column Control

Lecture 8. Boiler Control

Lecture 9. Problems

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS-V

1. Define ratio control.

2. Define cascade control.?

3. When cascade control will give improved performance than conventional feedback

control?

4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of feedforward controllers?

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cascade controllers?

6. Differentiate between feedback and feedforward control?

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS-V

1. Differentiate between feedforward and cascade control

2. Differentiate between feedback and cascade control?

3. What is split range control?

4. Explain control scheme for boiler control?

5. Explain control scheme for Distillation control?

6. What are the applications of Ratio Controllers?

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Chemical Process Control : An introduction to Theory and Practice – by Stephanopoulos, Prentice

Hall, New Delhi, 1999.

2. Process Control – Harriott P. , TMH, 1991

3. Process Control Instrument Technolgy by Curtis D. Johnson , Edition 8 ,PHI Publishers

REFERENCES:

1. Process Control, Third Edition – Liptak B.G., Chilton Book Company, Pennsylvania, 1995

2. Process control – by Pollard A., Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1971.

3. Automatic Process Control – by Eckman D.P. , Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1993.

4. Process Control – by Patranabis.

5. Process System Analysis and Control – Coughanowr, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1991

Practice: Subject Practice through LabVIEW software

MODEL PAPERS

MODEL PAPER-1

1.a) What are the elements of a Process control loop? Explain them

b) Describe the Dynamics of Pressure Process.

[8+7]

2. Explain the characteristics of following control actions with suitable relations

a) ON/OFF control

b) P control

c) PID control

[15]

3 .a) Compare Pneumatic, Hydraulic and Electronic controllers.

b) Explain the Electronic PID control with a neat sketch.

[8+7]

4 .a) Explain in detail ITAE and IAE evaluation criteria.

b) Explain in detail ¼ th Decay Ratio evaluation criteria.

[7+8]

5 .a) Explain in detail continuous oscillations method.

b) Write the controller settings recommended by Ziegler Nichols for P,PI&PID controllers.

6.a) Explain P/I converter with neat sketch.

b) Explain Electro-Pneumatic actuator with neat sketch.

[8+7]

7. Explain briefly the following valves

a) Globe

b) Butterfly

c) Ball

[15]

8.a) Explain the cascade control with neat block diagram.

b) How to tune the cascade control? Explain.

[10+5]

MODEL PAPER-2

1.a) Describe Degrees of freedom with a simple example.

b) Compare interacting and non interacting systems.

[8+7]


a) Two position control

b) I control

c) PID control

[15]

3.a) Explain briefly the Pneumatic PID controller with a neat sketch.

b) Explain the Electronic PD controller with a neat sketch.

[8+7]

4.a) Explain in detail ¼ th Decay Ratio.

b) Explain in detail ISE and IATE evaluation criteria.

[8+7]

5.a) Explain in detail open loop tuning method.

b) Write the controller settings recommended by Ziegler Nichols for P,PI&PID controllers.

[8+7]

6.a) Explain Pneumatic actuator with positioner with a neat sketch.

b) Explain Electro Hydraulic actuator with neat sketch.

[8+7]

7.a) Explain briefly the control valve sizing.

b) Classify the control valves.

[10+5]

8.a) Explain boiler system with multivariable control.

b) Write the merits and demerits of feed forward and feed back control.

[7+8]

MODEL PAPER-3

1.a) Explain process control loop with a neat block diagram.

b) Describe the dynamics of Thermal Process.

[7+8]


a) Three position control

b) D control

c) PI control

[15]

3.a) Explain briefly the Hydraulic PI controller with a neat sketch.

b) Explain the Electronic PI controller with a neat sketch.

[8+7]

4. Explain in detail the following evaluation criteria.

a) ITAE

b) IEA

c) ISE

[15]

5.a) Explain in detail Damped Oscillations method.

b) Write the controller settings recommended by Ziegler Nichols for P,PI&PID

controllers.

[8+7]

6.a) Explain Electro-Hydraulic actuator with neat sketch.

b) Explain I/P converter with neat sketch.

[8+7]

7.a) Compare sliding stem and rotary stem control valve.

b) What is meant by cavitation? Explain.

[10+5]

8.a) What is meant by multivariable control? Explain briefly with Distillation column.

b) Explain Ratio control.

[9+6]

MODEL PAPER-4

1.a) Compare batch and continuous process.

b) Describe the dynamics of liquid level process.

[8+7]


a) Single speed control

b) D control c) PD control

3. Explain briefly the following controllers with neat sketches

a) Pneumatic PI control

b) Hydraulic I control

[8+7]

4. Explain in detail the following Evaluation criteria

a) ¼ th Decay Ratio

b) IEA

c) ISE

[15]

5.a) What is meant by tuning of controllers?

b) Explain in detail Process Reaction Curve method.

[6+9]

6.a) Explain briefly the electric actuators.

b) Explain P/I converter with neat sketch.

[8+7]

7. Explain in detail the control valve characteristics.

8.a) Compare the feed forward and feed back controls.

b) Explain Split range control.

[8+7]

Documents

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