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ISLAM:ISLAM:From God or Man?From God or Man?
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There are Different Kinds of MuslimsThere are Different Kinds of Muslims
The The secularsecular Muslim Muslim - They believe in the nice parts of Islam,- They believe in the nice parts of Islam, but reject the call to jihadbut reject the call to jihad - They take on the cultural trappings- They take on the cultural trappings - The majority of Muslims in both the West and - The majority of Muslims in both the West and
the East fall into this category the East fall into this category
TheThe traditional traditional Muslim Muslim - They study and practice Islam- They study and practice Islam - But they have a stumbling block with the concept of jihad- But they have a stumbling block with the concept of jihad > Some consider jihad to be a spiritual battle > Some consider jihad to be a spiritual battle
The The fundamentalistfundamentalist Muslim Muslim - These are the ones practicing terrorism- These are the ones practicing terrorism
But which category Muslim’s truly fall into is hard to say because they But which category Muslim’s truly fall into is hard to say because they are allowed to lie…are allowed to lie…
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Islam is a religious package containing a theology, and Islam is a religious package containing a theology, and ideology, a civil law and political worldview that demands ideology, a civil law and political worldview that demands complete control of the lives of its adherents.complete control of the lives of its adherents.
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the ‘holy books’ of Islamthe ‘holy books’ of Islam
The “Quran” (Koran) The “Quran” (Koran) Islamic BibleIslamic Bible - collection of revelations supposedly given by Allah to - collection of revelations supposedly given by Allah to
Muhammad (through the angel Gabriel) Muhammad (through the angel Gabriel) and preserved as the Islamic scripture. and preserved as the Islamic scripture.
- Absolute, infallible, and eternal to- Absolute, infallible, and eternal to
MuslimsMuslims
Note: It is significant that the “revelations” did Note: It is significant that the “revelations” did not all come at the same time not all come at the same time
The QUR’ANThe QUR’AN
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““A book which we have revealed to you A book which we have revealed to you (Muhammad) so that you may lead the (Muhammad) so that you may lead the people from out of the darkness into the people from out of the darkness into the light by their Lord's leave to the path of the light by their Lord's leave to the path of the All-Mighty, the Praiseworthy." All-Mighty, the Praiseworthy." (14:1) (14:1)
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The QUR’AN – Muslim View
The qur'an is the holy scripture of Muslims.
The Angel Gabriel dictated this revelation from Allah to Allah’s last messenger, prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) about 1400 years ago.
The qur'an is a guide to a way of life
and it is recited as a form of worship to the originator, the All-Mighty Allah.
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The QUR’AN – Muslim View
It has been preserved word-for-word since it was revealed to the last and final messenger.
Many people memorized it when it was revealed, and millions of people today also have the qur'an memorized.
The qur'an mentions how Allah, out of his mercy, sent many messengers in the past as warners and conveyors of the message that there is only one God and to do righteous deeds in order to please him.
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The QUR’AN – Muslim View
The qur'an mentions specific stories of prophets such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Jacob, Joseph, Jonah, Job, Aaron, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammad.
The qur'an confirms that Allah revealed a scripture called
Torah to Moses, Psalms to David, and Gospel to Jesus. They all preached Islam, which
literally means “submission to God”.
This is the theme of the qur'an and the theme of the lives of Muslims.
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The QUR’AN – Muslim View
o Its predecessors – Torah, Psalms, and Gospels
have all been superseded.
The Qur'an of today is the same as the Qur'an revealed to Muhammad.
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The QUR’AN – Muslim View
(3:16)
“People of the Book (i.e. Jews & Christians), now there has come to you Our Messenger (Muhammad), making clear to you many things you have been concealing of the Book, and effacing many things.”
“O believers (Muslims), take not Jews and Christians as friends; they are friends of each other. Who so of you makes them his friends is one of them.” (3:56)
“O believers, take not as your friends those of them, who were given the Book before you” (3:62)
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Qur’an
Called the “book of heaven,”
supposedly dictated to Muhammad by angel Gabriel.
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Divided into 114 chapters called suras,
arranged from longest to shortest;
a little shorter than the NT.
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The Qur’an refers to the Torah,
the Psalms,
and “Gospel” (only the sayings of Jesus – ‘red letters’)
as “Scripture.”
but retells some biblical stories inaccurately.
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The Qur’an mentions Jesus many times,
but declares that Jesus is only a prophet
and that he was not crucified.
60% of the verses in the 60% of the verses in the Qu'ran talk about JihadQu'ran talk about Jihad
EXAMPLE: Muhammad told to make war on unbelievers – Surah 9:73
“O Prophet! Strive hard against the Unbelievers and thee Hypocrites, and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell, - an evil refuge indeed.”
EXAMPLE: Slay aggressors – Surah 2:190-191
“Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not trangress limits; for Allah loveth not transgressors. And slay them wherever ye catch them.”
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o Muslims believe that the qur’an is a divine book. It is styled “The Holy Qur’an.” It consists of 114 sections called Suras, each of which is divided into verses.
o Each Sura (except 9) begins with: “In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.”
o It is alleged that the Qur’an was revealed to Mohammed verbatim by the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years (but compiled after his death). One passage asserts: “Praise be to God, Who hath sent to His Servant [Mohammed] The Book [the Qur’an], and hath allowed Therein no Crookedness” (18:1).
o Islam insists the Qur’an was a complete when delivered to Mohammed.
o The Yemen papers show that claim to be completely false.
o What are the Yemen papers?
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Are Allah's decrees changed or not?
"Rejected were the messengers before thee: with patience and constancy they bore their rejection and their wrongs, until Our aid did reach them: there is none that can alter the words (and decrees) of Allah. Already hast thou received some account of those messengers," (6:34).
"The word of thy Lord doth find its fulfillment in truth and in justice: None can change His words: for He is the one who heareth and knoweth all, (6:115).
None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar: Knowest thou not that Allah Hath power over all things?" (2:106).
When We substitute one revelation for another,- and Allah knows best what He reveals (in stages),- they say, "Thou art but a forger": but most of them understand not," (16:101).
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In 1972 workers in Yemen were restoring the ancient ‘Great Mosque at Sana’a’.
According to early sources, “the Prophet Muhammad” commanded the construction of this mosque, including its location and dimensions, sometime around 630. The mosque remains one of the first architectural projects in Islam.
The workers uncovered a hidden loft. Inside the loft was a mound of parchments of Arabic texts that were melded together by centuries of exposure to the elements. On-site examination suggested that the parchments were fragments of early manuscripts of the Koran. The Yemeni Antiquities Authority permitted no one to study the entire collection.
As scholars were allowed to view and study portions of the collection, it was determined that a significant percentage of the parchments dated back to the 7th and 8th centuries- Islam’s first two centuries. They would have been the earliest known pieces of the Koran known to man. They were fragments, in other words, of perhaps the oldest Korans in existence.
But the “new-found” parchments contained aberrations that differ from Islamic dogma! Such aberrations are troublingly at odds with the orthodox Muslim belief that the Koran as it has reached us today is the perfect, timeless, and unchanging “Word of God.”
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The first person to spend a significant amount of time examining the Yemeni fragments was Gerd Puin, a specialist in Arabic calligraphy and Koranic paleography based at Saarland University, in Saarbrücken, Germany.
Puin recognized the antiquity of some of the parchment fragments. Enticing, too, were the sheets of the scripture written in the rare and early Hijazi Arabic script: pieces of the earliest Korans known to exist, they were also palimpsests -- versions very clearly written over even earlier, washed-off versions. What the Yemeni Korans seemed to suggest, Puin began to feel, was an evolving text rather than complete text revealed in its entirety to Muhammad in the seventh century A.D.
More than 15,000 sheets of the Yemeni Korans have painstakingly been flattened, cleaned, treated, sorted, and assembled; they now sit in Yemen's House of Manuscripts, awaiting detailed examination. That is something the Yemeni authorities have seemed reluctant to allow, however.
"They want to keep this thing low-profile", Puin explains. "They don't want attention drawn to the fact that there are Germans and others working on the Korans. They don't want it made public that there is work being done at all, since the Muslim position is that everything that needs to be said about the Koran's history was said a thousand years ago."
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In a January 1999 Atlantic Monthly article, Gerd Puin is quoted as saying that:
“The Qur’an claims for itself that it is ‘mubeen,’ or clear, but if you look at it, you will notice that every fifth sentence or so simply doesn’t make sense. Many Muslims will tell you otherwise, of course, but the fact is that a fifth of the Qur’anic text is just incomprehensible. This is what has caused the traditional anxiety regarding translation. If the Qur’an is not comprehensible, if it can’t even be understood in Arabic, then it’s not translatable into any language. That is why Muslims are afraid. Since the Qur’an claims repeatedly to be clear but is not—there is an obvious and serious contradiction. Something else must be going on.”
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o Muslims believe the inspiration of the qur’an but there is no profound literary style. It is characterized by numerous grammatical aberrations. it is exceedingly incoherent and is without any logical order of thought either as a whole or in its parts.
o The chapters of the qur'an are not arranged in importance, continuity, sacredness, biography, chronology, significance or sequence of any sort, but are arranged simply by length - the longest chapter, followed by the next longest chapter and the last chapter with just 6 lines. Verses are disorderly arranged and jumbled up in unrelated subjects/topics.
o The so-called “prophecies” are merely vague political speculations that do not even begin to rival biblical prophecy — either in precision or in chronological proximity to the events they supposedly depict (cf. 30:2-4).
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o Scientific accuracy can hardly be claimed when the Qur’an suggests that the human fetus results from “sperm” that changes into “a clot of congealed blood,” which then becomes bones, later to be covered with flesh (23:14).
o The qur’an is morally flawed in numerous respects. For example, those who oppose Mohammed should be subjected to “execution [i.e., decapitation], or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hand and feet from opposite sides . . .” (5:36). Women are treated shamefully in the Muslim religion. If a woman is guilty of “ill-conduct,” she may be admonished, deprived of sex, or beaten — in moderation (4:34).
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CONTRADICTIONS
What was man created from; blood, clay, dust, or nothing?
"Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood," (96:2).
"We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape, (15:26).
"The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was," (3:59).
"But does not man call to mind that We created him before out of nothing?" (19:67, Yusuf Ali). Also, 52:35).
"He has created man from a sperm-drop; and behold this same (man) becomes an open disputer! (16:4).
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Contradictions
•Is there or is there not coercion in religion according to the Qur'an?
• "Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold, that never breaks. And Allah heareth and knoweth all things," (2:256).
• "And an announcement from Allah and His Messenger, to the people (assembled) on the day of the Great Pilgrimage,- that Allah and His Messenger dissolve (treaty) obligations with the Pagans. If then, ye repent, it were best for you; but if ye turn away, know ye that ye cannot frustrate Allah. And proclaim a grievous penalty to those who reject Faith," (9:3).
• "But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practice regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful," (9:5).
• Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued," (9:29).
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The qur'an•Muslim activists in the West have been using the tactic of claiming that they worship the same god as Christians in order to gain legitimacy and acceptance. They have been using the name "God" in place of "Allah" in many translations of the Qur'an.
•Muslims DO NOT pray to the same God (Yahweh/ Jehovah of Holy Scripture) of Christians and Jews! Yahweh is transliterated from the Hebrew.
•Before Muhammad the Arabs had 365 gods - one for each day of the year. Muhammad picked Allah (the Arab moon god).
•They claim the founder of Islam is a prophet named Muhammad...
•Muhammad was a pedophile, marrying a 6 year old and consummating the marriage when she was 9 years old (He was 54). The proof is overwhelming.
•Muhammad performed no miracles, spoke no prophecies, and died like all mortal men.
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The qur'an
•Muslims have searched exhaustively through the Old and New Testaments for proof that these two books indeed contain prophecies of the coming of Muhammad.
•The Qur'an seems to suggest that these prophecies would be found without much difficulty, but when Muslims have applied themselves to finding these alleged predictions, they have been unpleasantly surprised to discover that in these two books it is Jesus who is the subject of the many prophecies in them and not Muhammad.
•The birth of Jesus, his ministry, parables, miracles, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension, second coming, deity, glory and honour are the concerns of the prophetic, and so extensively do these prophecies herald his advent as the ultimate climax of God's revealed truth and love towards men.
•One cannot help but be struck by the fact that the Bible makes no allowance for a "prophet" to follow him.
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Islam claims the Prophet Muhammad was foretold in the Torah and Bible:
•The coming of Prophet Muhammad had been foretold in the Torah. God had said to Moses: "I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and I will put My words in his mouth; and he shall speak to them all that I shall command him" Deuteronomy 18:18
•This was fulfilled in John 1:45, "We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph."
•Not Muhammad! It was Jesus of Nazareth!
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EXTENSIVE PROOF THAT MUHAMMAD IS A FRAUD CAN BE FOUND IF SOMEONE WANTS TO
LOOK!!!
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Can Muslim’s Lie?•Absolutely!
•Like most religions, Islam in general, forbids lying. The Quran says, "Truly Allah guides not one who transgresses and lies." Surah 40:28.
•Most Muslims are familiar with the principles of Islam that will justify lying in situations where they sense the need to do so.
•In the Hadith, Mohammed was also quoted as saying, "Be honest because honesty leads to goodness, and goodness leads to Paradise. Beware of falsehood because it leads to immorality, and immorality leads to Hell.”
•But within Islam there are certain provisions under which lying is not simply tolerated, but actually encouraged.
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Can Muslim’s Lie?
Muslims are permitted to lie:
(1)to save their lives,
(2)to reconcile a husband and wife,
(3)to persuade a woman into a bedroom and
(4)to facilitate one on his journey.
(5)Muslims are even permitted to disavow Islam and Mohammed if it is not a genuine heart-felt rejection.
Muslims will tell you that concealment of a truth is not an abandonment of that truth if it benefits Islam.
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Can Muslim’s Lie?
•The principle of Al-Takeyya:• The Arabic word, "Takeyya", means "to prevent," or
guard against. • The principle of Al Takeyya conveys the
understanding that Muslims are permitted to lie as a preventive measure against anticipated harm to one's self or fellow Muslims.
• This principle gives Muslims the liberty to lie under circumstances that they perceive as life threatening. They can even deny the faith, if they do not mean it in their hearts.
•The Islamic Doctrine of Takeyya, which is defined as “The principle of concealment of one’s religious beliefs in order to avoid persecution or imminent harm,” is one more reason for Christians to be concerned about Islam.
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Can Muslim’s Lie?
"Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: except by way of precaution (prevention), that ye may Guard yourselves from them (prevent them from harming you.) But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah." Surah 3: 28
According to this verse a Muslim can pretend to befriend infidels (in violation of the teachings of Islam) and display adherence with their unbelief to prevent them from harming him.
Under the concept of Takeyya and short of killing another human being, if under the threat of force, it is legitimate for Muslims to act contrary to their faith. The following actions are acceptable:
•Drink wine, abandon prayers, and skip fasting during Ramadan. •Renounce belief in Allah. •Kneel in homage to a deity other than Allah. •Utter insincere oaths.
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Can Muslim’s Lie? The implications of the principle of Al-Takeyya
Unfortunately, when dealing with Muslims, one must keep in mind that Muslims can communicate something with apparent sincerity, when in reality they may have just the opposite agenda in their hearts. Bluntly stated, Islam permits Muslims to lie anytime that they perceive that their own well-being, or that of Islam, is threatened.
The principle of sanctioning lying for the cause of Islam bears grave implications in matters relating to the spread of the religion of Islam in the West. Muslim activists employ deceptive tactics in their attempts to polish Islam's image and make it more attractive to prospective converts. They carefully try to avoid, obscure, and omit mentioning any of the negative Islamic texts and teachings.
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Can Muslim’s Lie? The implications of the principle of Al-Takeyya
•An example of Islamic deception is that Muslim activists always quote the passages of the Quran from the early part of Mohammed's ministry while living in Mecca.
•These texts are peaceful and exemplify tolerance towards those that are not followers of Islam.
•All the while, they are fully aware that most of these passages were abrogated (cancelled and replaced) by passages that came after he migrated to Medina.
•The replacement verses reflect prejudice, intolerance, and endorse violence upon unbelievers.
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Can Muslim’s Lie?
" Allah will not call you to account for what is futile in your oaths, but He will call you to account for your deliberate oaths: for expiation, feed ten indigent persons, on a scale of the average for the food of your families; or clothe them; or give a slave his freedom. If that is beyond your means, fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths ye have sworn. But keep to your oaths. Thus doth Allah make clear to you His signs, that ye may be grateful." Surah 5:89
"Allah will not call you to account for thoughtlessness (vain) in your oaths, but for the intention in your hearts; and He is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing." Surah 2:225
"Any one who, after accepting faith in Allah, utters Unbelief, except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their breast to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful Penalty." Surah 16: 106
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Can Muslim’s Lie?
The noted Islamic commentator, Al-Tabary explained Surah 16:106 as a verse that had been revealed to Mohammed after he learned that Ammar Ibn Yasser was forced to deny his faith in Mohammed when kidnapped by the Banu Moghera tribe. Mohammed consoled Ammar by telling him, "If they turned, you turn." (Meaning: if they again capture you, you are allowed to deny me again.)
These and similar passages from the Quran clearly reveal that Muslims' unintentional lies are forgivable and that even their intentional lies can be absolved by performing extra duties. It is also clear that if forced to do so, Muslims can lie while under oath and can even falsely deny faith in Allah, as long as they maintain the profession of faith in their hearts.
““But What About…”But What About…”
We hear on TV about the Quran speaking We hear on TV about the Quran speaking positively about something – then we hear that positively about something – then we hear that the Quran condemns that same thing!the Quran condemns that same thing!
The Qur’an is filled with contradictions!The Qur’an is filled with contradictions!
+ Christians are complimented!+ Christians are complimented!
- Christians are condemned!- Christians are condemned!
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Contradictions in the QuranContradictions in the Quran Sura 5:90 Sura 5:90 “ “90.90. O ye who believe! O ye who believe!
Intoxicants and gambling, Intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of) stones, and (dedication of) stones, and (divination by) arrows, are (divination by) arrows, are an abomination,- of Satan's an abomination,- of Satan's handwork: eschew such handwork: eschew such (abomination), that ye may (abomination), that ye may prosper. prosper.
91.91. Satan's plan is (but) to Satan's plan is (but) to excite enmity and hatred excite enmity and hatred between you, with between you, with intoxicants and gambling, intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah, and remembrance of Allah, and from prayer: will ye not then from prayer: will ye not then abstain?”abstain?”
So– alcohol is So– alcohol is forbidden!forbidden!
Sura 47:15Sura 47:15 “ “(Here is) a Parable of the (Here is) a Parable of the
Garden which the Garden which the righteous are promised: in righteous are promised: in it are rivers of water it are rivers of water incorruptible; rivers of milk incorruptible; rivers of milk of which the taste never of which the taste never changes; changes; rivers of wine, rivers of wine, a joy to those who a joy to those who drinkdrink.” .”
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o Scientific accuracy can hardly be claimed when the Qur’an suggests that the human fetus results from “sperm” that changes into “a clot of congealed blood,” which then becomes bones, later to be covered with flesh (23:14).
o The qur’an is morally flawed in numerous respects. For example, those who oppose Mohammed should be subjected to “execution [i.e., decapitation], or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hand and feet from opposite sides . . .” (5:36). Women are treated shamefully in the Muslim religion. If a woman is guilty of “ill-conduct,” she may be admonished, deprived of sex, or beaten — in moderation (4:34).
Contradictions in the QuranContradictions in the Quran
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What was man created from; blood, clay, dust, or nothing?
"Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood," (96:2).
"We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape, (15:26).
"The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was," (3:59).
"But does not man call to mind that We created him before out of nothing?" (19:67, Yusuf Ali). Also, 52:35).
"He has created man from a sperm-drop; and behold this same (man) becomes an open disputer! (16:4).
Contradictions in the QuranContradictions in the Quran
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• Is there or is there not coercion in religion according to the Qur'an?
• "Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold, that never breaks. And Allah heareth and knoweth all things," (2:256).
• "And an announcement from Allah and His Messenger, to the people (assembled) on the day of the Great Pilgrimage,- that Allah and His Messenger dissolve (treaty) obligations with the Pagans. If then, ye repent, it were best for you; but if ye turn away, know ye that ye cannot frustrate Allah. And proclaim a grievous penalty to those who reject Faith," (9:3).
• "But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practice regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful," (9:5).
• Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued," (9:29).
Contradictions in the QuranContradictions in the Quran
So, what do Muslims and scholars of Islam say about these contradictions?So, what do Muslims and scholars of Islam say about these contradictions?
How can “Allah” contradict himself so much!How can “Allah” contradict himself so much!
Remember the Yemen papers?Remember the Yemen papers? the “new-found” parchments contained aberrations that differ from
Islamic dogma! Such aberrations are troublingly at odds with the orthodox Muslim belief that the Koran as it has reached us today is the perfect, timeless, and unchanging “Word of God.”
versions very clearly written over even earlier, washed-off versions. What the Yemeni Korans seemed to suggest, Puin began to feel, was an evolving text rather than complete text revealed in its entirety to Muhammad in the seventh century A.D.
Islamic scholars use a principle called “Islamic scholars use a principle called “naskhnaskh’ to determine which verse to ’ to determine which verse to follow when there is a contradiction. (or Islamic exegesis)follow when there is a contradiction. (or Islamic exegesis)
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Contradictions in the QuranContradictions in the Quran
““naskh”naskh” NaskhNaskh, an Arabic word meaning ", an Arabic word meaning "abrogation“ (“ (The abolition or repeal of a
law, institution, custom etc.), is a technical term for a major genre of , is a technical term for a major genre of Islamic exegesis dealing with the problem of seemingly contradictory verses dealing with the problem of seemingly contradictory verses in the Quran. It is a in the Quran. It is a termterm used in Islamic legal used in Islamic legal exegesis for seemingly for seemingly contradictory material within or between the twin bases of contradictory material within or between the twin bases of Islamic holy law: : the the Quran and the and the Prophetic Sunna..
To solve a contradiction, newer “revelations” override (To solve a contradiction, newer “revelations” override (naskhnaskh) previous ) previous “revelations”.“revelations”.
NaskhNaskh is based on the fact that the Quran was “revealed” at different times is based on the fact that the Quran was “revealed” at different times over a period of 22 years. Muhammad “received” most of Quran after he over a period of 22 years. Muhammad “received” most of Quran after he left Mecca and that portion is much more forceful!left Mecca and that portion is much more forceful!
Opinion as to Opinion as to naskh'naskh's technical meaning oscillates between replacement s technical meaning oscillates between replacement ((ibdālibdāl) and nullification () and nullification (ibtālibtāl). ).
Some commentators hold that as many as 540 verses have been Some commentators hold that as many as 540 verses have been abrogated. abrogated. 4343
““naskh”naskh” Three modes of Three modes of naskhnaskh were proposed by the classical exegetes: were proposed by the classical exegetes:
naskh al-hukm dūna al-tilāwanaskh al-hukm dūna al-tilāwa: abrogation of the ruling but not the : abrogation of the ruling but not the wording, or supersession. A regulation- embodied within either a wording, or supersession. A regulation- embodied within either a Qur'ānic verse or a hadith report- is replaced but its wording Qur'ānic verse or a hadith report- is replaced but its wording remains- in the former case, as text within the remains- in the former case, as text within the mushaf..
naskh al-hukm wa-'l-tilāwanaskh al-hukm wa-'l-tilāwa: abrogation of both ruling and wording, or : abrogation of both ruling and wording, or suppression/erasure. Applicable only to the Qur'ān. A ruling is suppression/erasure. Applicable only to the Qur'ān. A ruling is voided and its text omitted from the voided and its text omitted from the mushafmushaf. Evidence that the verse . Evidence that the verse ever existed is preserved only within tradition.ever existed is preserved only within tradition.
naskh al-tilāwa dūna al-hukmnaskh al-tilāwa dūna al-hukm: abrogation of the wording but not the : abrogation of the wording but not the ruling. Again, applicable only to the Qur'ān. The text of a still-ruling. Again, applicable only to the Qur'ān. The text of a still-functional ruling is omitted from the functional ruling is omitted from the mushafmushaf. Proof of the verse's . Proof of the verse's existence is preserved within tradition (i.e through a hadith report) existence is preserved within tradition (i.e through a hadith report) as well as in the Fiqh.as well as in the Fiqh. 4444
“mushaf”
The literal meaning of “mushaf” is “collection of pages.” Its technical meaning is, therefore, the “compiled, written pages of the Qur’an.” In other words, the term “Qur’an” refers to the specific “revelation that was read to Prophet Muhammad” whereas the term “mushaf” denotes the “written form” of that revelation.
In other words, the Qur’an is not contradictory, the pages are just “updated.”
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Example of “naskh”Example of “naskh”
Sura 2:62 “Those who Sura 2:62 “Those who believe (in the believe (in the Qur'an), and those Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the (scriptures), and the Christians and the Christians and the Sabians…., shall have Sabians…., shall have their reward with their their reward with their Lord; on them shall be Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they no fear, nor shall they grieve.” grieve.”
Sura 9:5 “fight and slay Sura 9:5 “fight and slay the Pagans (Jews and the Pagans (Jews and Christians) wherever ye Christians) wherever ye find them, an seize find them, an seize them, beleaguer them, them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, war); but if they repent, and establish regular and establish regular prayers and practice prayers and practice regular charity, then regular charity, then open the way for them: open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most forgiving, Most Merciful.”Merciful.”
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REVIEWREVIEW
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the ‘holy books’ of Islamthe ‘holy books’ of Islam The Qur’anThe Qur’an The ‘hadith’The ‘hadith’
- a set of books that are a record of the things - a set of books that are a record of the things Muhammad said and did Muhammad said and did
- Note: The ‘hadith” is a point of division in the Muslim - Note: The ‘hadith” is a point of division in the Muslim world world
+ The Sunni Muslims accept it all+ The Sunni Muslims accept it all
+ The Shiite Muslims accept most + The Shiite Muslims accept most
(they reject those recorded by Muhammad’s second wife)(they reject those recorded by Muhammad’s second wife)
Note: The hadith is significant because it establishes Note: The hadith is significant because it establishes principles of activity that can be (are) practiced today principles of activity that can be (are) practiced today
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Islamic LawIslamic Law
The “Sharia”The “Sharia”
- - All aspects of a Muslim's life are governed by Sharia. Sharia law comes from a combination of sources including the Qur'an (the Muslim holy book), the Hadith (sayings and conduct of the prophet Muhammad) and fatwas (the rulings of Islamic scholars).
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Islamic LawIslamic Law
Muslim’s have a powerful P.R. and lobbying firm at work. It is called C.A.I.R.
Let there be no doubt that the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) is a terrorist supporting front organization that is partially funded by terrorists, and that C.A.I.R. wishes nothing more than the implementation of Sharia Law in America.
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Sharia LawSharia Law
Ravi Zacharias states in his book, Ravi Zacharias states in his book, Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith We DefendWe Defend, “Muslim scholars state that Islam is an encompassing , “Muslim scholars state that Islam is an encompassing system—a sociopolitical system, a socio-religious system as well as system—a sociopolitical system, a socio-religious system as well as socioeconomic system that governs every aspect of the lives of its socioeconomic system that governs every aspect of the lives of its adherents, their relationship among themselves and with those who are adherents, their relationship among themselves and with those who are non-Muslims. The vehicle that controls the lives of adherents to Islam is non-Muslims. The vehicle that controls the lives of adherents to Islam is called Sharia law.”called Sharia law.”
In an article by Lisa Gardiner titled “American Muslim Leader Urges In an article by Lisa Gardiner titled “American Muslim Leader Urges Faithful to Spread Word,” Omar Ahmad, founder of Council on Faithful to Spread Word,” Omar Ahmad, founder of Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), said, “Islam isn’t in America to be American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), said, “Islam isn’t in America to be equal to any other faith, but to become dominant. The Qur’an should equal to any other faith, but to become dominant. The Qur’an should be the highest authority in America.”be the highest authority in America.”
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Sharia LawSharia Law
Ibrahim Hopper, Communications Director of CAIR said, “I wouldn’t Ibrahim Hopper, Communications Director of CAIR said, “I wouldn’t want to create the impression that I wouldn’t like the government of the want to create the impression that I wouldn’t like the government of the United States to be Islamic sometime in the future….”United States to be Islamic sometime in the future….”
Sharia (Islamic) Law is rooted in the Qur’an, the highest authority of Sharia (Islamic) Law is rooted in the Qur’an, the highest authority of Islam, and claims to have been revealed directly to Muhammad by the Islam, and claims to have been revealed directly to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel during the last twenty-three years of the prophet’s life.angel Gabriel during the last twenty-three years of the prophet’s life.
The Sunna or Hadiths are accounts of the sayings and acts of The Sunna or Hadiths are accounts of the sayings and acts of Muhammad. Sharia law was put together from those sources after the Muhammad. Sharia law was put together from those sources after the death of Muhammad. In Saudi Arabia and other countries dominated death of Muhammad. In Saudi Arabia and other countries dominated by Islam, Sharia is the law of the land for all things secular as well as by Islam, Sharia is the law of the land for all things secular as well as religious, controlling the lives of individuals from personal hygiene to religious, controlling the lives of individuals from personal hygiene to the court systems.the court systems.
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As one studies the qur'an, you must first ask yourself how anyone can take seriously a document that easily contradicts itself 1/5 of the time.
Consider the following words of Ibn Umar al-Khattab, a 7th companion of Mohammed, and the 2nd Muslim Caliph: “Let no one say that he has acquired the entire Koran, for how does he know that it is all? Much of the Koran has been lost; thus let him say, “I have acquired of it what is available.”
Remember that quote: “Much of the Koran has been lost”.
