1 Laboratory Safety Policy

LABORATORY SAFETY April 2011

Laboratory Policy, Guidelines and Procedures

All information herein is applicable to the laboratories of Qatar University. Any request for

amendment of this policy shall be forwarded in writing to the Office of the Director,

Business Operations Department.

QQAATTAARR UUNNIIVVEERRSSIITTYY Laboratory Safety

QUBOD-SAFETY-001. Revision 0 2

Table of Contents

1 STATEMENT OF POLICY .................................................... 8 2 SCOPE AND APPLICATION ................................................ 8 3 GUIDELINES ......................................................................... 9

3.1 General Laboratory Safety Requirements .. 9 3.1.1Hazard Management .................................................................................... 9

3.1.1.1 Definitions .. 9 3.1.1.2 Hazard Identification...................................................................... 9 3.1.1.3 Risk Assessment .. 9 3.1.1.4 Risk Control 10 3.1.1.5 Evaluation ..................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Electrical Safety ... 11

3.1.2.1 Electrical Hazards .......................................................................... 11 3.1.2.2 Power Loss . 12 3.1.2.3 Preventing Electrical Hazards ....................................................... 12 3.1.2.4 Insulation 13 3.1.2.5 Guarding . 13 3.1.2.6 Grounding .. 13 3.1.2.7 Circuit Protection Devices ... 13 3.1.2.8 Motors . 14 3.1.2.9 Safe Work Practices . 14 3.1.2.10 Altering Building Wiring and Utilities 14 3.1.2.11 Lock Out/ Tag Out .. 15

3.1.3 Fire Safety .. 15 3.1.4 Computer Ergonomics 17 3.1.5 Computer Monitor Radiation . 18

3.1.5.1 Computer Monitor Radiation Levels .. 18 3.1.5.2 Computer Monitor Radiation Safety .. 19 3.1.5.3 Neutralizing Computer Monitor Radiation . 20

3.1.6 Safety Signage .. 20 3.1.6.1 Danger Signs . 20 3.1.6.2 Caution Signs 20 3.1.6.3 Safety Instruction Signs 21 3.1.6.4 Notice Signs 21 3.1.6.5 Biological Hazard Signs 21 3.1.6.6 Sign Design ... 21 3.1.6.7 Nature of Wording . 21 3.1.6.8 Safety Tags 21 3.1.6.9 Safety Tag Criteria 22 3.1.6.10 Color Coding 22 3.1.6.11 Standard Safety Signs 23

3.1.7 Visitor and Minor in the Laboratory 23 3.1.8 Working Alone or After Office Hours .. 23 3.1.9 Emergency Preparedness and Response . 24

3.1.9.1 Fire at Main Campus .... 24 3.1.9.2 Fire at Old University (Environmental Studies Center) ..... 26 3.1.9.3 Medical Distress/ Injury 27 3.1.9.4 Utility Failure .. 27 3.1.9.5 Evacuation for People with Disabilities . 28

3.1.10 Incident and Accident .. 29 3.1.10.1 Incident Reporting ... 29 3.1.10.2 Accident Reporting . 29

3.1.11 Occupational health and Medical Surveillance ... 29



3.1.11.1 Health Examination Services 30 3.1.11.2 Responsibilities 31 3.1.11.3 Diagnosing and Treating Occupational Illness and Injuries .... 31 3.1.11.4 Biohazards Users ... 32 3.1.11.5 Respirator User Examinations .. 33 3.1.11.6 Radiation User Examinations 33 3.1.11 7 Hazardous Chemical Users .. 33 3.1.11.8 Hearing Conservation . 33 3.1.11.9 Pregnant Employees .. 33 3.1.11.10 Work Restrictions .. 34 3.1.11.11 Medical Records ... 34

3.2 Chemical Laboratory Safety 34 3.2.1 Introduction ...... 34 3.3.2 Hazardous Chemicals 34 3.2.3 Type of Hazards .. 35

3.2.3.1 Irritants 35 3.2.3.2 Asphyxiants 36 3.2.3.3 Hepatotoxic Agents ...... 36 3.2.3.4 Nephrotoxic Agents .. 36 3.2.3.5 Neurotoxic Agents . 36 3.2.3.6 Carcinogen . 37 3.2.3.7 Select Carcinogen . 37 3.2.3.8 Reproductive Hazards Chemicals .. 37 3.2.3.9 Highly Toxic Chemicals 38 3.2.3.10 Explosive and Reactive Chemical 38

3.2.4 Safe Handling of Chemicals . 45 3.2.4.1 Route of Exposure . 45 3.2.4.2 Safe Handling Practices for Chemical Substances . 46

3.2.5 Chemical Storage 49 3.2.5.1 Inventory and Inspection .. 49 3.2.5.2 Proper Sealing of Chemicals ... 49 3.2.5.3 Segregation of Chemicals 49 3.2.5.4 Recommended Compatibility Grouping

and Storage of Chemicals .. 50 3.2.5.5 Special Handling for Hydrofluoric Acid .. 52

3.2.6 Compressed Gases Handling... 54 3.2.7 Workplace Hazardous Materials Information

System (WHMIS) . 55 3.2.7.1 Hazard Classification System .. 55 3.2.7.2 Material Safety Data Sheet .. 58 3.2.7.3 WHMIS Labels 60 3.2.7.4 Worker Education .. 62

3.2.8 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 Diamond 62

3.2.9 Safe Work Practices and Procedures for Laboratory Equipment 64 3.2.9.1 Refrigerators and Freezers .. 64 3.2.9.2 Stirring and Mixing Devices . 64 3.2.9.3 Heating Devices 65 3.2.9.4 Ovens . 65 3.2.9.5 Hot Plates .. 66 3.2.9.6 Oil, Salt, and Sand Baths 67 3.2.9.7 Hot Air Baths and Tube Furnaces . 67 3.2.9.8 Microwave Ovens . 68 3.2.9.9 Ultrasonicators .. 68 3.2.9.10 Centrifuges .. 69 3.2.9.11 Rotary Evaporators .................................... 69



3.2.9.12 Autoclaves ... 69 3.2.9.13 Glassware 70 3.2.9.14 Vacuums . 70 3.2.9.15 Fume Hoods 71

3.2.10 Personal Protective Equipment ... 73 3.2.10.1 Safety Glasses 73 3.2.10.2 Goggles ... 73 3.2.10.3 Face Shields 73 3.2.10.4 Gloves .. 73 3.2.10.5 Laboratory Clothing and Protective Apparel . 74 3.2.10.6 Respiratory Protection .. 74

3.2.11 Emergency Showers and Eyewash Fountains ............ 74 3.2.12 Ultraviolet Radiation . 75 3.2.13 Laboratory Air Quality . 76 3.2.14 Unattended Operations ... 77

3.2.15 Laboratory Closeout Procedures . 77 3.2.15.1 Hazardous Chemicals Disposal in

Laboratories and Containment Area ... 77 3.2.15.2 Transportation of Chemicals in Campus ... 78 3.2.15.3 Equipment ... 78

3.2.16 Chemical Waste Management ... 78 3.2.16.1 Definitions ... 78 3.2.16.2 Hazardous Waste Characteristics ... 79 3.2.16.3 Hazardous Waste List 79 3.2.16.4 Chemical Waste Disposal . 81

3.2.17 Chemical Spill Emergency Preparedness and Response .............................................. 84

3.2.17.1 Chemical Spillage at Laboratory .. 84 3.2.17.2 Chemical Spillage at Chemical Store .. 84

3.3 Biological Laboratory Safety . 85 3.3.1 Introduction ... 85 3.3.2 Principles of Biological Safety . 85

3.3.2.1 Laboratory Practice and Technique .. 86 3.3.2.2 Safety Equipment (Primary Barrier) .. 86 3.3.2.3 Facility Design (Secondary Barrier) .. 87 3.3.2.4 Control of Biological Materials 87 3.3.2.5 Animal Facilities 89

3.3.3 Biological Safety Levels (BSLs) .. 89 3.3.3.1 Biosafety Level 1 .. 89 3.3.3.2 Biosafety Level 2 .. 90 3.3.3.3 Biosafety Level 3 . 94 3.3.3.4 Biosafety Level 4 . 99

3.3.4 Animal Biosafety Levels (ABSLs) 108 3.3.4.1 Animal Biosafety Level 1 . 108 3.3.4.2 Animal Biosafety Level 2 . 110 3.3.4.3 Animal Biosafety Level 3 ..... 112 3.3.4.4 Animal Biosafety level 4 ... 116

3.3.5 Biological Safety Cabinet 119 3.3.5.1 Principles of Containment 119 3.3.5.2 Classification of Biological Safety Cabinets . 120 3.3.5.3 Installation and Certification of Biological Safety Cabinets ... 125 3.3.5.4 Use of Cabinet ... 126

3.3.6 Biohazards and Potentially Infectious Materials . 126 3.3.6.1 Biological Risk Assessment 126 3.3.6.2 Agent List ... 128 3.3.7 Project Registration . 135 3.3.7.1 Bio-Agent Registration . 136



3.3.7.2 Recombinant DNA (R-DNA) Registration . 136 3.3.7.3 Acute Toxins Registration 136 3.3.7.4 Select Agents 136 3.3.8 Safe Handling of Laboratory Animals . 137 3.3.8.1 Common Injuries Associated with Animal Husbandry and Care 137 3.3.8.2 Animal Related Hazards .. 138 3.3.8.3 Animal Associated Allergy 139 3.3.8.4 Zoonoses . 139 3.3.8.5 Use of Hazardous Agents in Animal Experimentation 141 3.3.8.6 Special Requirements ... 141 3.3.9 Decontamination and Disposal . 141

3.3.9.1 Steam Sterilization 142 3.3.9.2 Dry Heat Sterilization 143 3.3.9.3 Gas Sterilization 144 3.3.9.4 Liquid Disinfection . 145 3.3.9.5 Selecting Chemical Decontaminants . 145 3.3.9.6 Properties of Some Common Decontaminants 146

3.3.10 Biological Waste Disposal ... 148 3.3.10.1 Defining Laboratory Generated Biohazard Waste 148 3.3.10.2 Biohazard Waste Collection Methods .. 149 3.3.10.3 Loading and Unloading the Autoclave

for Waste Decontamination 153 3.3.11 Biological Laboratory Closeout Procedures .. 153

3.3.11.1 Biological and Hazardous Chemical Disposal in Laboratories and Containment Areas .. 154

3.3.11.2 Transportation of Biological Materials on Campus .. 155 3.3.11.3 Equipment 155

3.3.12 Biological Spill Emergency Preparedness and Response 156 3.3.12.1 Definitions 156 3.3.12.2 Emergency Preparedness and Response . 156

3.4 Radiation Laboratory Safety .. 158 3.4.1 Introduction 158 3.4.2 Radiation Protection Principles .... 158

3.4.2.1 Types of Radiation Dose .. 158 3.4.2.2 Objectives of Radiation Protection . 159

3.4.3 General Radiation Safety Guides for Radioactive Material Use . 159 3.4.4 General Radiation Safety Guides for

Use of Radiation Producing Machines .. 161 3.4.5 Radiation and Contamination Surveys .. 161

3.4.5.1 Laboratory Survey 161 3.4.5.2 Business Operations Department Safety Unit Survey 162 3.4.5.3 Authorized User Survey .. 162 3.4.5.4 Instrument Surveys .. 163 3.4.5.5 Wipe Test .. 163 3.4.5.6 Action Levels . 163 3.4.5.7 Training .. 165 3.4.5.8 Survey Instrument Calibration ... 165 3.4.5.9 Removal of Laboratory Equipment ... 165 3.4.5.10 Vacating Laboratory Spaces 165

3.4.6 Personnel Monitoring External Exposure . 165 3.4.6.1 Requirements 165 3.4.6.2 Issuance Criteria .. 166 3.4.6.3 Monitoring Protocol . 166 3.4.6.4 Other Personnel Monitoring Devices .......... 167 3.4.6.5 Recording Exposures . 167 3.4.6.6 Use of Personnel Monitoring Devices . 167



3.4.6.7 Personnel Monitoring Reports .. 167 3.4.7 Personnel Monitoring Internal Exposure .. 167

3.4.7.1 Bioassay Personnel Monitoring . 167 3.4.7.2 Bioassay Radionuclide, Form and Activity Limits .. 168

3.4.8 Investigation Levels 169 3.4.8.1 External Exposure 169 3.4.8.2 Internal Exposure . 170

3.4.9 Disposal of Radioactive Waste 170 3.4.9.1 Disposal to Sewer 171 3.4.9.2 Segregation and Packaging Radioactive Waste for Pick-up ... 171

3.4.10 Records 175 3.4.11 Radiation Emergency Preparedness and Response .. 176

3.4.11.1 Operator Minor Injury and No Overexposure . 176 3.4.11.2 Suspected Overexposure ... 176 3.4.11.3 Lost Source ... 176 3.4.11.4 Stuck, Damaged, or Unshielded Source . 177 3.4.11.5 Stolen Source 178 3.4.11.6 Fire .................................. 178 3.4.11.7 Suspected Contamination .. 178 3.4.11.8 Post Incident / Accident Procedure ... 178

3.5 Machine and Power Tools Safety . 179 3.5.1 Machine and Power Tools Hazards and Safety ...... 179

3.5.1.1 Maintenance, Servicing and Adjustment .. 179 3.5.1.2 Points of Operation .. 179 3.5.1.3 Mechanical Motions . 179 3.5.1.4 Mechanical Actions .. 180 3.5.1.5 Machine Safeguards 181

3.5.2 Machine Safety Basic Rules . 181 3.5.3 Use of Milling Machine .. 182 3.5.4 Use of Lathe Machine 183 3.5.5 Use of Bench Grinder 184 3.5.6 Use of Mig Welding Machine ... 185 3.5.7 Use of Oxygen Acetylene Torch ..... 186 3.5.8 Use of Power Hack Saw . 187 3.5.9 Use of Drill Press . 187 3.5.10 Use of Furnace ... 188 3.5.11 Use of Mechanical Shaper .. 188 3.5.12 Use of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine .. 190

4 Implementation .... 190 4.1 Roles and Responsibility 190

4.1.1 General Safety Requirements and Machine Power Tools Safety .. 190 4.1.1.1 Department Heads and Deans .. 190

4.1.1.2 Laboratory Supervisor / In-charge . 191 4.1.1.3 Employees, Faculties, Students and Visitors .. 191 4.1.1.4 Business Operations Department Safety Unit . 191 4.1.1.5 Occupational Health and Safety Committee 191

4.1.2 Chemical Laboratory Safety .. 192 4.1.2.1 Departmental Heads and Deans 192 4.1.2.2 Laboratory Supervisor / In-charge .............................. 192 4.1.2.3 Laboratory Workers .. 192 4.1.2.4 Business Operations Department Safety Unit . 193 4.1.2.5 Chemical Laboratory Safety Committee 193

4.1.3 Biological Laboratory Safety . 194 4.1.3.1 Department Heads and Deans 194 4.1.3.2 Biosafety Officer . 194 4.1.3.3 Principal Investigators (PIs) . 194



4.1.3.4 Employees . 195 4.1.3.5 Biosafety Committee 195

4.1.4 Radiation Laboratory Safety.. 195 4.1.4.1 Department Heads and Deans .. 195 4.1.4.2 Radiation Protection Officer 195 4.1.4.3 Business Operations Department . 196

4.1.4.4 Authorized User . 196 4.1.4.5 Radiation Safety Committee 196

4.2 Laboratory Safety Orientation/Training .. 197 4.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response Drill .. 197 4.4 Laboratory Safety Committee Audit . 198 4.5 Corrective and Preventive Actions 198 4.6 Verification Criteria of Corrective and Preventive Action ... 198 4.7 Disciplinary Action for Noncompliance to

Laboratory Safety 199 4.8 Work Plan . 199

GENERAL REFERENCES 200 APPENDIX 1 Inventory of Laboratories . 203 APPENDIX 2 Hazard Assessment Matrix .. 207 APPENDIX 3 Laboratory Risk Assessment Form 208 APPENDIX 4 Risk Assessment Summary and Review Dates .. 209 APPENDIX 5 Work Equipment Assessment . 210 APPENDIX 6 Laboratory Safety Signs 213 APPENDIX 7 Laboratory Incident, Accident and Occupational Disease Report Form . 223 APPENDIX 8 List of Carcinogens ... 225 APPENDIX 9 Reproductive Hazards ...... 233 APPENDIX 10 List of Highly Toxic Chemicals . 234 APPENDIX 11 Maximum Concentration of Contaminants of

Toxicity Characteristics . 240 APPENDIX 12 P-Listed Waste, Acutely Hazardous 241 APPENDIX 13 U-Listed Waste, Toxic & Other . 247 APPENDIX 14 Toxins Table ... 258 APPENDIX 15 Select Agent List ... 259 APPENDIX 16 Radioactive Waste Disposal Form 260 APPENDIX 17 Laboratory Safety Audit Checklist 261 APPENDIX 18 Laboratory Safety Noncompliance Report . 303 APPENDIX 19 Status of Nonconformance to Laboratory Safety Summary .... 304 APPENDIX 20 Schedule of Disciplinary Action .. 305 APPENDIX 21 Work Plan Laboratory Safety Orientation ................ 309 APPENDIX 22 Work Plan Laboratory Safety Audit . 310 APPENDIX 23 Emergency Telephone Numbers . 315



1.0 STATEMENT OF POLICY

Safety is a shared responsibility of all employees, faculties, staffs, students and visitors of Qatar University. In the interest to improved Laboratory Safety practices, Qatar University shall provide laboratory facilities free of health and safety hazards. To accomplish this, the University shall comply with all occupational safety, health and environmental laws mandated by the state, and relevant international standards and regulations. To prevent accident and incident in the laboratory that may result to injuries of employees, faculties, students, visitors, damage to property and equipment, the Business Operation Department Safety Unit is committed to providing up-to-date information, training, and monitoring to all QU laboratories concerning safe operations and practices in accordance will all pertinent local, state and international regulations guidelines and laws. In turn, each person is ultimately responsible for personal safety, and shall follow safety and health policies and procedures, exercise caution in the performance of his/her duties, use normal safe working practices, observe and obey safety postings and rules, use and maintain personal protective equipment when needed and approved, and promptly report all accidents to the appropriate government and school authorities.

2.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

The primary objective of this policy is to protect the health and well being of all employees, faculties, students and visitors of the University by:

Eliminating and preventing accidents and injuries; Instituting adequate procedures to protect all property from loss and damage due to

accidents; Assuring that all employees, faculties and students clearly understand the risks that

directly affect them in the performance of their respective responsibilities; Requiring all employees, faculties and students to be in compliance with all safety

regulations and procedures; Reducing, controlling, or avoiding employee and faculty exposure to all known or

suspected occupational health and safety risks; Establishing and maintaining communication with all employees and faculties to keep

them aware of the safety and health factors related to their jobs; and Maintaining an effective emergency preparedness and response procedures.

The following laboratories shall be covered by this policy:

2.1 College of Arts and Sciences

2.1.1 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences 2.1.2 Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences 2.1.3 Department of Health Sciences 2.1.4 Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics

2.2 College of Engineering

2.2.1 Department of Chemical Engineering 2.2.2 Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering 2.2.3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering 2.2.4 Department of Electrical Engineering 2.2.5 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

2.3 College of Pharmacy



2.4 Research Centers

2.4.1 Central Laboratories Unit 2.4.2 Environmental Studies Center 2.4.3 Materials Technology Unit 2.4.4 Gas Processing Center

(The total number of laboratories per department is detailed in appendix 1.)

3. GUIDELINES

The Laboratory Safety is divided into different guidelines which describes the minimum level of safe practices that are expected from all individuals (faculty, staff, and students) involved in the laboratory operations.

The guidelines are divided into five (5) Laboratory Safety Requirements.

3.1 GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Hazard Management

The University will use hazard management for identifying, assessing, mitigating and controlling hazards in the laboratories.

3.1.1.1 Definitions

Hazard - source or situation with potential for harm in terms of human

injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these.

Risk - combination of the likelihood and consequence (s) of a specified hazardous event occurring.

3.1.1.2 Hazard identification

Hazard identification is the process of identifying hazards in the workplace or for a work procedure. In order to understand what hazard identification involves, it is first necessary to understand the nature of hazards.

Identify hazards through

Walk through surveys Inspection checklists Past records Accident investigation Consultation Documentation Job safety analysis

3.1.1.3 Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is the process of assessing all of the risks associated with each of the hazards identified during the hazard identification process. In assessing the risks, three essential steps are taken:



The probability or likelihood of an incident occurring is evaluated. The severity of the potential consequences is calculated or

estimated. Based on these two factors, the risks are assigned priority for risk

control through the use of a risk rating.

Risk assessment involves examining and evaluating the likelihood and severity (or consequence) of the potential outcomes in order to prioritize risks for control.

3.1.1.4 Risk Control

Risk control provides a means by which risks can be systematically evaluated against a set of control options (the hierarchy of controls) to determine the most effective control method(s) for the risk(s) associated with each hazard. This process involves analyzing the data collected during the hazard identification and risk assessment processes, and developing a strategic plan to control the risks identified.

The risk control process starts by considering the highest ranked risks, working down to the least significant. Each risk should be examined having regard to the "hierarchy of controls". This provides a method of systematically evaluating each risk to determine, firstly, if the causal hazard can be eliminated and otherwise, to find the most effective control method for each risk.

The "Hierarchy of Controls" should be used at all times when implementing controls to eliminate the hazard or reduce the risk of a hazard causing loss at the University.

The hierarchy of controls is as follows:

Eliminate the hazard. Substitute with a lesser hazard. Use engineering controls to reduce hazard. Administrative controls such as workplace procedures. Personal Protective Equipment.

In many cases, it will be necessary to use more than one control method. Back-up controls (such as personal protective equipment and administrative controls) should only be used as a last resort or as a support to other control measures.

3.1.1.5 Evaluation

Monitoring and review is the final stage in the process. It is the means by which risk management is kept current and effective, as new hazards and those overlooked in the original process are identified and controlled.

Monitoring and review involves the systematic re-implementation of the original safety program steps of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. This is to ensure that the process was undertaken properly and that, in hindsight, the conclusions were correct.



Laboratory In-charge shall prepare the risk assessment of all activities in the Laboratory, reviewed by Laboratory Supervisor and approved by Department/ College Head.

The following Risk Assessment tools/ forms shall be used for hazard and risk assessment: Appendix 2 Hazard Assessment Matrix Appendix 3 Laboratory Risk Assessment Form Appendix 4 - Risk Assessment Listed and Review Dates Appendix 5 - Work Equipment Assessment

3.1.2 Electrical Safety

Equipment and electronic systems must conform to the National Electric Code, National Fire Protection Association Code (NFPA) 70E and KAHRAMAA requirements. Compliance must be adjudicated by licensed electricians or duly trained personnel.

Electrically powered equipment is essential elements of many laboratories. These devices can pose a significant hazard to laboratory workers, particularly when mishandled or not maintained. Many laboratory electrical devices have high voltage or high power requirements, carrying even more risk. Large capacitors found in many systems are capable of storing lethal amounts of electrical energy and pose a serious danger even if the power source has been disconnected.

3.1.2.1 Electrical Hazards

The major hazards associated with electricity are electrical shock and fire. Hazards include burn, faulty electrical discharge, electrocution and overloading due to octopus connection using multi receptacle outlet adaptor. Electrical shock occurs when the body becomes part of the electric circuit, either when an individual comes in contact with both wires of an electrical circuit, one wire of an energized circuit and the ground, or a metallic part that has become energized by contact with an electrical conductor.

Electricity travels in a closed circuit, normally through a conductor. Shock results when the body becomes part of the electrical circuit; current enters the body at one point and leaves at another. Typically, shock occurs when a person contacts.

The severity and effects of an electrical shock depend on a number of factors, such as the pathway through the body, the amount of current and the length of time of the exposure. Other factors that may affect the severity of the shock are the voltage of the current, presence of moisture in the environment, the phase of the heart cycle when the shock occurs, the general health of the person prior to the shock.

Conductor is a substance with very little resistance to the flow of electrical current. Water is a great conductor of electricity, allowing current to flow more easily in wet conditions and through wet skin.

The effect of the shock may range from a slight tingle to severe burns to cardiac arrest. The chart below shows the general relationship between the degree of injury and amount of current for a 60-cycle hand-to-foot path of one second's duration of shock. While reading this chart, keep in mind that most



electrical circuits can provide, under normal conditions, up to 20,000 milliamperes of current flow.

Current Reaction

1 Milliampere Perception level

5 Milliamperes Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing

6-30 Milliamperes Painful shock; "let-go" range

50-150 Milliamperes Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contraction

1000-4,300 Milliamperes

Ventricular fibrillation

10,000+ Milliamperes Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death

In addition to the electrical shock hazards, sparks from electrical equipment can serve as an ignition source for flammable or explosive vapors or combustible materials.

3.1.2.2 Power Loss

Loss of electrical power can create hazardous situations. Flammable or toxic vapors may be released as a chemical warms when a refrigerator or freezer fails. Fume hoods may cease to operate, allowing vapors to be released into the laboratory. If magnetic or mechanical stirrers fail to operate, safe mixing of reagents may be compromised.

3.1.2.3 Preventing Electrical Hazards

There are various ways of protecting people from the hazards caused by electricity, including insulation, guarding, grounding, and electrical protective devices. Laboratory workers can significantly reduce electrical hazards by following some basic precautions:

Call the competent person. Use double-insulated tools. Ground all exposed metal parts of equipment. Use all equipment according to the manufacturers instructions. Do not modify cords or use them incorrectly. Inspect wiring of equipment before each use. Replace damaged or

frayed electrical cords immediately. Use safe work practices every time electrical equipment is used. Know the location and how to operate shut-off switches and/or

circuit breaker panels. Use these devices to shut off equipment in the event of a fire or electrocution.

Limit the use of extension cords. Use only for temporary operations and then only for short periods of time. In all other cases, request installation of a new electrical outlet.

Multi-plug adapters must have circuit breakers or fuses. Place exposed electrical conductors (such as those sometimes

used with electrophoresis devices) behind shields. Minimize the potential for water or chemical spills on or near

electrical equipment. Laboratory electrical equipment, tools, cords, and usage are to be in

full compliance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E.



3.1.2.4 Insulation

Insulator is a substance with such a high resistance that they can be used to prevent the flow of electrical current. All electrical cords should have sufficient insulation to prevent direct contact with wires. In a laboratory, it is particularly important to check all cords before each use, since corrosive chemicals or solvents may erode the insulation.

Damaged cords should be repaired or taken out of service immediately, especially in wet environments such as cold rooms and near water baths.

Insulations shall conform to QCS 2007 Electrical Standards.

3.1.2.5 Guarding

Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be guarded against accidental contact. Plexiglas shields may be used to protect against exposed live parts.

3.1.2.6 Grounding

Ground refers to a conductive body, usually earth. Grounding a tool or electrical system intentionally creating a low resistance path to the earth. When properly done, current from a short or from lightning follows this path, thus preventing the build-up of voltages that would otherwise result in electrical shock, injury and even death.

System or service ground a wire called the neutral conductor is grounded at the transformer, and again at the service entrance of the building. This is primarily designed to protect machines, tools and insulation against damage. Equipment ground is intended to offer enhanced protection to the workers themselves. If a malfunction causes the metal frame of a tool to become energized, the equipment ground provides another path for the current to flow through the tool to the ground. Only equipment with three-prong plugs should be used in the laboratory. The third prong provides a path to ground for internal electrical short circuits, thereby protecting the user from a potential electrical shock.

3.1.2.7 Circuit Protection Devices

Circuit protection devices are designed to automatically limit or shut off the flow of electricity in the event of a ground-fault, overload or short circuit in the wiring system. Ground-fault circuit interrupters, circuit breakers and fuses are three well-known examples of such devices. Fuses and circuit breakers prevent over-heating of wires and components that might otherwise create fire hazards. They disconnect the circuit when it becomes overloaded. This overload protection is very useful for equipment that is left on for extended periods of time. The ground-fault circuit interrupter, or GFCI, is designed to shutoff electric power if a ground fault is detected, protecting the user from a potential electrical shock. The GFCI is particularly useful near sinks and wet locations. Since GFCIs can cause equipment to shutdown unexpectedly, they may not



be appropriate for certain apparatus. Portable GFCI adapters (available in most safety supply catalogs) may be used with a non-GFCI outlet.

3.1.2.8 Motors

In laboratories where volatile flammable materials are used, motor-driven electrical equipment should be equipped with non-sparking induction motors or air motors. These motors must meet National Electric Safety Code, NFPA 70E, Class 1, Division 2, Group C-D explosion resistance specifications and/or QCS 2007 Electrical Standards. Avoid series-wound motors, such as those generally found in some vacuum pumps, rotary evaporators and stirrers. Series-wound motors are also usually found in household appliances such as blenders, mixers, vacuum cleaners and power drills. These appliances should not be used unless flammable vapors are adequately controlled. Although some newer equipment has spark-free induction motors, the on-off switches and speed controls may be able to produce a spark when they are adjusted because they have exposed contacts. One solution is to remove any switches located on the device and insert a switch on the cord near the plug end.

3.1.2.9 Safe Work Practices

The following practices may reduce risk of injury or fire when working with electrical equipment:

Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits. Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing electrical

equipment. When it is necessary to handle equipment that is plugged in, be

sure hands are dry and, when possible, wear nonconductive gloves and shoes with insulated soles.

If it is safe to do so, work with only one hand, keeping the other hand at your side or in your pocket, away from all conductive material. This precaution reduces the likelihood of accidents that result in current passing through the chest cavity.

Minimize the use of electrical equipment in cold rooms or other areas where condensation is likely. If equipment must be used in such areas, mount the equipment on a wall or vertical panel.

If water or a chemical is spilled onto equipment, shut off power at the main switch or circuit breaker and unplug the equipment.

If an individual comes in contact with a live electrical conductor, do not touch the equipment, cord or person. Disconnect the power source from the circuit breaker or pull out the plug using a leather belt.

Post known hazards such as high voltage, high temperature, possible shock, wear protective equipment, etc.

Repairs of high voltage or high current equipment should be performed only by trained electricians.

3.1.2.10 Altering Building Wiring and Utilities

Any modifications to existing electrical service in a laboratory or building must be completed and approved by Business Operation Department. All



modifications must meet both safety standards and facilities engineering design requirements.

3.1.2.11 Lock Out / Tag Out

Lockout is the preferred method of isolating machines or equipment from energy sources. All laboratory equipment shall be locked out or tagged out to protect against accidental or inadvertent operation when such operation could cause injury to personnel. Do not attempt to operate any switch, valve, or other energy isolating device when it is locked or tagged out. A tagout system is to be used only if an isolating device cannot be locked out; or, it is demonstrated that a tagout system does provide full employee, faculty, students and visitors protection. The electrical lockout/ tagout procedure is to be implemented in coordination with appropriate procedures for safely isolating other energy systems such as hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, process gases and fluids, chemical, and mechanical, in order to provide for the isolation of all energy sources that could endanger employees, faculties, students and visitors. The lockout/tagout procedure shall be documented by the Business Operations Department (BOD) - Electromechanical Section and shall contain requirements to safeguard workers while they are working on or near de-energized circuits, parts or equipment in any situation where there is danger of injury due to unexpected energization of the circuits parts or unexpected start-up of the equipment. Procedures shall require preplanning to determine where and how electric energy sources can be disconnected to safely de-energize circuits and equipment that are to be worked on. Equipment shutdown procedures shall be included so that the electric equipment involved is safely shut down before circuits are de-energized. Lock out/ tag out permit shall be secured for works that need de-energization or energization of equipment.

3.1.3 Fire Safety

The following are some of the specific fire safety requirements and precautions to be observed in the laboratory:

Laboratories shall comply with the International Building Code of 2006 Section 414.

Laboratories shall comply with the requirements of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 45 for construction, ventilation and fire protection, covering the building (s) units and work areas

Laboratories shall comply with the requirement of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1, Chapter 26 and 60.4.10.3 and 60.4.10.2.3

Smoking is one of the major causes of fires in laboratory environment. At Qatar University smoking is prohibited in all laboratories.

Access key custody of laboratories should be assigned to the Security in-charged at respective buildings. Users should maintain a duplicate key.

All fire exits must be clearly marked with exit signs. Fire exit signs should be visible at any location in the office. All fire doors must be kept closed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke during a fire. However, these doors MUST NOT be locked when people are working in the area.



Floor plans showing fire escape routes and fire assembly points, together with the fire evacuation procedure should be posted at conspicuous locations.

Hose reels, sprinkler heads and fire extinguishers (if installed) must not be blocked or obstructed. A minimum clearance of 450 mm should be maintained below sprinkler heads.

Laboratories should be provided with smoke detectors. Use of Fire Extinguisher. There are four types of fires and using

extinguisher improperly or using the wrong extinguisher could result in additional property damage and injury.

Class A fires consist of combustibles, such as wood, paper or cloth. This type of fire can be put out with water-filled extinguishers. When using these extinguishers, get as close to the fire as possible without endangering yourself, and aim the nozzle toward the base of the flames. Continue spraying until all smoldering material is wet down.

A multipurpose dry-chemical extinguisher can also be used on Class A fires. With this type of extinguisher the flames are attacked at the edge of the fire with the nozzle directed at the fire in a sweeping motion. The powdered chemical becomes sticky when heated, allowing it to form a film that clings to the heated material and smother the fire.

Class B fires includes flammable liquids, such as oil, gasoline, solvents and paint. Dry chemical extinguishers are usually used to fight this type of fire. When using this extinguisher stand approximately 10 feet away from the fire to apply the powder. Then gradually move in closer; applying the powder from side to side near the base of tie fire.

Carbon dioxide extinguishers are also effective on flammable liquid fires. Use this type of extinguisher near the edge of the fire at close range in an enclosed area where no wind or draft exists. Since fires can spread with the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide is used to decrease the amount of oxygen surrounding the fire until the air can no longer support the combustion.

Class C fires are electrical fires. If at all possible, turn off the power in the area before attempting to combat the fire. When electrical equipment is de-energized, extinguishers for Class A or B fire may be safely used; otherwise, the best extinguishers are carbon dioxide and dry chemical extinguishers.

Carbon dioxide in on conductive and noncorrosive, because dry chemical extinguisher leave sticky film, cleaning is easy.

Foam or dry-chemical powder can be used to control fires due to liquid or gas leak, such as methane, propane or butane,

Class D fires involve combustible metal, such magnesium, sodium and potassium.



The most reactive combustible metals are alkali metals. Water causes these metals to release hydrogen and a large amount of heat, causing the hydrogen to ignite and explode. Even the moisture on your hand may cause the metal to react. Special dry-compound powders, such as powdered graphite and sodium chloride, powdered talc, soda ash and limestone, are made to extinguish these fires. In cases of emergency dry sand can be used.

Extinguishers should be placed in locations where they are easily seen and aren't apt to be damaged. They should be hung at an appropriate height above the floor within easy reach. These extinguishers come in sizes that allow for easy handling, and there should be an adequate number of them in the area they protect. Contact Business Operations Department Safety Unit, 485 2686, for any information on the proper use of fire extinguisher.

Business Operations Department Safety Unit shall ensure that periodic fire safety building inspections (e.g. fire extinguishers, fire hose reel, fire alarm system, fire blanket) is conducted.

Provision for additional and replacement of fire extinguishers and fire blankets shall be the responsibility of each Department/ College.

Refilling of fire extinguisher shall be the responsibility of Business Operations Department.

Before leaving laboratories:

Turn off / close valves of gas supply line, water supply line, vacuum line, and compression line.

Unplug from outlets heating apparatus.

Return unused equipment, apparatus, etc.

Switch off the light.

Dispose refuse properly.

Close and lock door.

Except for Laboratory equipment that must always be turned on all other equipment (e.g. small appliances, computers) should be switched off.

3.1.4 Computer Ergonomics

Almost everyone in the University uses a computer especially in Computer Laboratories. Extensive use of computer by employees, students can increase risk of repetitive stress injuries. Use the following safe practices for computers:

Maintain good posture when working. Sit all the way back in the chair

against the backrest. Keep your knees equal to, or lower, than your hips with your feet supported.

Keep your elbows in a slightly open angle (100 to 110) with your wrists in a straight position. The keyboard tilt can help you attain the correct arm position. A negative tilt (front of keyboard higher than back) helps when working in upright sitting positions. If you recline, a positive tilt (front of the keyboard lower than the back) might be necessary.



Avoid overreaching. Keep the mouse and keyboard within close reach. Center the most frequently used section of the keyboard directly in front of you.

Center the monitor in front of you at arm's length distance and position the top of the monitor 2 to 3 above seated eye level. You should be able to view the screen without turning or tilting your head up or down.

Place source documents on a document folder positioned between your monitor and keyboard. If there is not enough space, place documents on an elevated surface close to your screen.

Use good typing technique. Float your arms above the keyboard and keep your wrist straight when keying. If you use a wrist-rest, use it to support your palms when pausing, not while keying.

Hit the keyboard keys with light force. The average user keys four times harder than necessary.

Keep your wrists straight and hands relaxed when using your pointer. Don't hold the pointer with a tight grip or extend fingers above the activation buttons. Avoid moving the pointer with your thumb or wrist. Movement should originate at your shoulder and elbow.

Limit repetitive motions. Reduce keystrokes with macros and software programs such as voice recognition. Reduce pointing device movement with scroll locks and keystroke combinations.

Customize your computer settings. The screen font, contrast, pointer size, speed, and color can be adjusted to maximize comfort and efficiency.

Reduce glare. Place your monitor away from bright lights and windows. Use an optical glass glare filter when necessary.

Take eye breaks and intermittently refocus on distant objects. Try palming your eyes in your hands to reduce eye fatigue.

Work at a reasonable pace and take frequent stretch breaks. Take 1 or 2 minute breaks every 20-30 minutes, and 5 minute breaks every hour. Every few hours, try to get up and move around.

Use of non-prescribed medications, or wrist splints, can often be more harmful than helpful. If you begin to develop symptoms, seek help. Early intervention can prevent future problems.

Your life style and physical fitness affect how you feel at work. Stay in shape by stretching and exercising regularly.

3.1.5 Computer Monitor Radiation

Computer monitor radiation has been linked to headaches, fatigue, eye strain, depression and insomnia. And those are just the short-term effects. When you sit in front of a computer screen, you are being bombarded by many different emissions. These include visible light, ultraviolet light, VLF (Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic radiation, and ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) electromagnetic radiation. In some cases you are also being exposed to soft x-rays. The specific types and amounts of computer monitor radiation emissions you are being exposed to depend on the type of computer monitor you use.

3.1.5.1 Computer Monitor Radiation Levels

Different types of computer monitors emit different types and amounts of radiation.

Cathode Ray Tube Monitors



The early computer monitors, called Cathode Ray Tube monitors, are almost identical to early TVs. They are big and bulky, and operate using a broad-band array of frequencies and a significant amount of power.

Cathode Ray Tube monitors have earned the reputation as the most harmful monitors in accords with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure as they are known to emit soft x-rays.

Cathode Ray Tubes are pretty potent in their radiation emissions and tend to produce heavy fatigue and burn-out in their users. With these monitors, radiation emissions are so great that for those sensitive to energy the radiation can be palpable.

Plasma Screens

Plasma screens rely on a radioactive gas pressed in between two panels, which lights up when bombarded by electrons. Plasma screens use a narrower range of frequencies (compared to Cathode Ray Tubes, CRT) but a significant amount of power. Plasma screen were originally designed by the military for use by pilots who requires high resolution screens that were visible against bright sunlight. Plasma screens are the most popular form of screen for use in HDTV flat panel displays. You are more likely to have a plasma screen in your home as your TV than your computer monitor. Plasma screens utilize a similar technology as CRTs for color and, therefore, emit microwave radiation similar to fluorescent lighting, making their EMF emissions a cause for concern.

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)

The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors contain an actual liquid through which an electrical current and polarized light is sent. LCDs utilize much less power than both the CRTs and plasma screens. They also use a narrower range of frequencies.

LCDs are currently considered the lowest in radiation emissions and tend to produce the least fatigue in computer users.

3.1.5.2 Computer Monitor Radiation Safety

One thing is certain when dealing with computer monitor radiation, the older the screen the more radiation it emits.

As computer screens age, they tend to leak. Often these emissions are found leaking from the rear and the sides of the monitor.

Frequency of replacement of monitor shall be determined by Information Technology Services Department.



3.1.5.3 Neutralizing Computer Monitor Radiation

Use LCD screen. Wearing natural fibers such as cotton, silk and hemp helps to

mitigate some of the effects of the radiation. A clump of clay underneath or on top of your monitor will absorb

harmful radiation. Just make sure you replace it on a daily basis. A quartz crystal or a malachite stone placed on or near your computer screen will also help to filter hazardous radiations.

Avoid placing laptop on the lap.

3.1.6 Safety Signage

Safety sign refers to a surface on prepared for the warning of, or safety instructions of, students, workers or visitors who may be exposed to hazards. These specifications are intended to cover all safety signs except those designed for streets, highways, and marine regulations. Excluded from this definition are news releases, displays commonly known as safety posters, and bulletins used for employee education Safety Tag refers to a device usually made of card, paper, paste board, plastic or other material used to identify a hazardous condition. Safety signs shall be use to warn employees, students, visitors from hazards to specific area and failure to designate them may lead to accidental injury to employees, students, visitors and to property damage. The following specifications are intended to cover all safety signs except those designed for streets regulations. These specifications do not apply to University bulletin boards or to safety posters.

3.1.6.1 Danger Signs

The DANGER header shall be used when there is a hazardous

situation which has a high probability of death or severe injury. It should not be considered for property damage unless personal injury risk is present.

There shall be no variation in the type of design of signs posted to

warn of specific dangers and radiation hazards. All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate immediate

danger and that special precautions are necessary. The colors red, black, and white shall be those of opaque glossy.

3.1.6.2 Caution Signs

The CAUTION header is used to indicate a hazardous situation which

may result in minor or moderate injury. However, Caution should not be used when there is a possibility of death or serious injury. Caution should not be considered for property damage accidents unless personal injury risk is present.

Caution signs shall be used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices.

All employees shall be instructed that caution signs indicate a possible hazard against which proper precaution should be taken.



Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any letters used against the yellow background shall be black.

The colors shall be those of opaque glossy.

3.1.6.3 Safety Instruction Signs

General Safety Signs (SAFETY FIRST, BE CAREFUL, THINK) should

indicate general instructions relative to safe work practices, reminders of proper safety procedures, and the location of safety equipment.

Safety instruction signs shall be used where there is a need for general instructions and suggestions relative to safety measures.

Standard color of the background shall be white; and the panel, green with white letters. Any letters used against the white background shall be black.

The colors shall be those of opaque glossy

3.1.6.4 Notice Signs

Notice headers provide information of a general type in order to avoid confusion or misunderstanding.

3.1.6.5 Biological Hazard Signs

The biological hazard warning shall be used to signify the actual or

potential presence of a biohazard and to identify equipment, containers, rooms, materials, experimental animals, or combinations thereof, which contain, or are contaminated with, viable hazardous agents.

For the purpose of this subparagraph the term "biological hazard," or "biohazard," shall include only those infectious agents presenting a risk or potential risk to the well-being of man.

3.1.6.6 Sign Design

All signs shall be furnished with rounded or blunt corners and shall be

free from sharp edges, burrs, splinters, or other sharp projections. The ends or heads of bolts or other fastening devices shall be located

in such a way that they do not constitute a hazard.

3.1.6.7 Nature of Wording

The wording of any sign should be easily read and concise. The sign should contain sufficient information to be easily understood. The wording should make a positive, rather than negative suggestion

and should be accurate in fact.

3.1.6.8 Safety Tags

Safety tags shall be used as a means to prevent accidental injury or

illness to employees, students and visitors who are exposed to hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions, equipment or operations which are out of the ordinary, unexpected or not readily apparent.

Safety tags shall be used until such time as the identified hazard is eliminated or the hazardous operation is completed.



Safety tags need not be used where signs, guarding or other positive means of protection are being used.

3.1.6.9 Safety Tag Criteria

Tags shall contain a signal word and a major message. The signal word shall be either "Danger," "Caution," or "Biological

Hazard," "BIOHAZARD," or the biological hazard symbol. The major message shall indicate the specific hazardous condition or

the instruction to be communicated to the employee. The signal word shall be readable at a minimum distance of five feet

(1.52 m) or such greater distance as warranted by the hazard. The tag's major message shall be presented in either pictographs,

written text or both. The signal word and the major message shall be understandable to all

employees who may be exposed to the identified hazard. All employees shall be informed as to the meaning of the various tags

used throughout the workplace and what special precautions are necessary.

Tags shall be affixed as close as safely possible to their respective hazards by a positive means such as string, wire, or adhesive that prevents their loss or un-intentional removal.

Danger tags shall be used in major hazard situations where an immediate hazard presents a threat of death or serious injury to employees. Danger tags shall be used only in these situations.

Caution tags shall be used in minor hazard situations where a non-immediate or potential hazard or unsafe practice presents a lesser threat of employee injury. Caution tags shall be used only in these situations.

Warning tags may be used to represent a hazard level between "Caution" and "Danger," instead of the required "Caution" tag, provided that they have a signal word of "Warning," an appropriate major message.

Biological hazard tags shall be used to identify the actual or potential presence of a biological hazard and to identify equipment, containers, rooms, experimental animals, or combinations thereof, that contains or contaminated with hazardous biological agents.

3.1.6.10 Color Coding

While the occupational safety and health standard does not specifically mandate colors to be used on accident prevention tags, the following color scheme is recommended for meeting the requirements.

"DANGER" TAG -- Red, or predominantly red, with lettering or symbols

in a contrasting color. "CAUTION" TAG -- Yellow, or predominantly yellow, with lettering or

symbols in a contrasting color. "WARNING" TAG -- Orange, or predominantly orange, with lettering or

symbols in a contrasting color. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD TAG -- Fluorescent orange or orange-red, or

predominantly so, with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color.



3.1.6.11 Standard Safety Signs

Standard safety signage that shall be posted conspicuously in all laboratories, see appendix 6. Coordinate with BOD-Safety Unit for appropriate signs and proper sizing of signage.

Provision for new or additional safety signage shall be the responsibility of Laboratory Department/ College.

3.1.7 Visitors and Minors in the Laboratory

Minor means any person who has not attained the age of 18 years or the required age for students entering college level.

Visitor means any person who enters a laboratory facility authorized by a college or a department; operation and maintenance personnel working in the area and housekeepers conducting housekeeping.

No minor person enter a laboratory except:

As part of a group or individual educational program approved in advance by the head of the college or department.

As part of a relationship in which an employee, faculty member or researcher is acting as a mentor to the young person, the young person will not be present in a laboratory for more than five hours a week, and the young persons activities in the laboratory have been approved by the head of the college or department unit where the program will take place.

All persons under the age of 18 who enter an laboratory must complete all required safety orientation, must adhere to all restrictions, and must be supervised at all times.

Employees, faculty members sponsoring minors shall be responsible for obtaining all authorizations required under these rules.

If an individual employee or faculty member wishes to bring a minor into his or her laboratory for an educational program, he/ she shall submit to the head of his or her college or department a request that provides the name and age of the student and describes the educational intent of the proposed experience. The laboratory in-charge or supervisor should review the request for educational appropriateness and forward a copy with a statement that the proposed activity represents an approved educational program to the Dean or Department Head. Upon receipt of the document, the Dean or Department will make sure that appropriate laboratory inspections are performed and that the employee or faculty member is alerted to any measures that must be taken to assure the safety of minors in the laboratory.

Operations and maintenance personnel, housekeepers working in the laboratory shall coordinate with the Laboratory in-charge/ supervisor prior to work performance in the area. He/ she should be made aware of hazards in the laboratory and follow laboratory safety.

3.1.8 Working Alone or After Office Hours

Avoid performing works or experiments alone or after office hours in a

laboratory building. If cannot be avoided, arrange with individuals working separate

laboratories outside of working hours to cross check periodically. Alternatively, arrange with University Security to check laboratory



workers. Do not undertake experiments known to be hazardous when alone in a laboratory.

Under unusual condition, special instruction may be necessary. The Laboratory in-charge must determine whether the work requires special safety precautions, such as having two persons in the same room during a particular operation.

3.1.9 Emergency Preparedness and Response

The following procedures in case emergency shall be cascaded to all employees, faculties, students and visitors.

3.1.9.1 Fire at Main Campus

3.1.9.1.1 Employee, student or anyone who witness the fire shall perform the

following course of action:

Push the fire alarm button at the nearby pullstation. Call the following emergency numbers and ask for help.

Central Service Station (CSU) 4403 3600

Fire Section 4403 3999 Report the exact location of the fire. Inform the nearest security guard about the fire. Extinguish the fire if it is on early stage and if you are

trained to do so. Leave the building by the nearest safe exit.

Do not stop to collect personal belongings. Do not use the lifts. Proceed to the designated assembly point indicated in the

emergency evacuation plan posted in your location.

3.1.9.1.2 Security personnel shall perform the following course of action:

Security supervisor shall:

Mobilize security personnel to the location of fire. Provide instruction to security personnel for securing the

area and preventing the entry of unauthorized person. Provide instruction to security personnel for securing the

recovered documents and equipments. Coordinate with QU Fire Section and Electromechanical

Unit.

Security Guard near the location of fire shall:

If the employee, student, or witness is not able to notify CSU and/or Fire Section about the fire, the security guard receiving the information from the witness shall call CSU and/or Fire Section.

Report the location of fire. Extinguish the fire if it is on early stage and if trained to do

so. Inform security supervisor.

Security Personnel responding to the emergency shall:

Secure and cordon the area to avoid entry of unauthorized

person.



Secure the evacuation area and assign security member. Secure and cordon designated salvage area for recovered

documents, and equipments. Assist the incoming Fire Brigade Team from Civil Defence. Regulate the flow of traffic. Provide directions to employees, faculties, students,

contractors and visitors to designated evacuation area.

3.1.9.1.3 Central Service Unit Operator shall perform the following course of action:

Receive a fire alarm from witness. Get the following

information:

Name of witness

Phone number

Location of fire

Ask for any injured person Call Fire Section for immediate response, 4403 3999. Call 999 for assistance, if the fire cannot be control by Fire

Section and there are injured person. Inform Electromechanical Section.

3.1.9.1.4 Fire Section personnel shall perform the following course of action:

The Leading Fireman shall:

Mobilize the fire fighting team upon receiving the

information and location of fire. Coordinate with Electromechanical Unit of BOD to de-

energize/isolate electrical equipment or any electrical source from the fire scene.

Provide instruction to fire fighting team during rescue and evacuation.

Coordinate with Fire Brigade Team of Civil Defence if their presence is needed during fire.

Coordinate with the QU Medical Clinic, if their assistance is needed, for treatment of injured personnel.

Inform Central Service Unit Control Room to call 999 if the fire cannot be control by QU Fire Section.

Firemen shall:

Wear firefighting suits. Go to the location of fire. Bring additional fire extinguisher. Bring Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. Extinguish the fire using fire extinguisher if it is still on early

stage. Use hydrant and fire hose if the fire extinguisher is not capable of extinguishing the fire.

Conduct rescue and evacuation. If the rescue and evacuation cannot be performed, provide

assistance to Fire Brigade Team of Civil Defence in conducting rescue and evacuation.

Provide assistance to Fire Brigade Team of Civil Defence in extinguishing the fire if necessary.

3.1.9.1.5 The QU Medical Team shall perform the following course of action

(applicable only during office hour):



Coordinate with QU Leading Fireman if medical assistance is needed.

Mobilize medical equipments. Provide treatment to injured personnel. Coordinate with the nearest hospital for possible medical

treatment of injured personnel. Provide assistance to Emergency Medical Services of

Civil Defence if necessary.

3.1.9.1.6 Electromechanical Section personnel and/or O& M contractor shall perform the following course of action:

De-energize/isolate electrical equipment or any electrical

source from the fire scene. Energize electrical equipment or electrical source after the

repair completion of the damage equipment or electrical source.

3.1.9.1.7 The QU Leading Fireman and/ or Fire Brigade Team Leader of Civil Defence shall declare All Clear signal that fire has been stopped.

3.1.9.1.8 Professors, faculties ensure that students shall follow the emergency procedures and evacuation plan.

3.1.9.1.9 The QU Leading Fireman shall prepare fire accident report and submit to Safety Unit.

3.1.9.1.10 Safety Unit shall submit final report on fire accident to Electromechanical Section for review

3.1.9.1.11 Electromechanical Section shall submit report on fire accident to the Director of Business Operations Department.

3.1.9.2 Fire at Old University (Environmental Studies Center)

3.1.9.2.1 Employee or anyone who witness the fire shall perform the

following course of action:

Push the fire alarm button at the nearby pull station. Inform the nearest security guard about the fire. Report the exact location of the fire. Extinguish the fire if it is on early stage and if you are

trained to do so.

3.1.9.2.2 Security personnel shall perform the following course of action: Security Guard near the location of fire shall:

Extinguish the fire if it is on early stage and if trained to do

so. Call other Security personnel for help. Call 999 for help. Inform security supervisor.

Security Personnel responding to the emergency shall:

Extinguish the fire if it is on early stage and if you are

trained to do so. Secure and cordon the area to avoid entry of unauthorized

person. Secure the evacuation area and assign security member.



Secure and cordon designated salvage area for recovered documents, and equipments.

Assist the incoming Fire Brigade Team from Civil Defence. Regulate the flow of traffic. Provide directions to employees, students, contractors and

visitors to evacuation area (Parking Area).

Security Supervisor shall perform the following course of action:

Assist the Fire Brigade Team from Civil Defence. Inform the Director of Business Operations Department. Inform the QU Fire Section.

3.1.9.2.3 The Fire Brigade Team Leader of Civil Defence shall declare All Clear signal that fire has been stopped.

3.1.9.2.4 The QU Leading Fireman shall prepare fire accident report and submit to Safety Unit.

3.1.9.2.5 Safety Unit shall submit final report on fire accident to Electromechanical Section for review.

3.1.9.2.6 Electromechanical Section shall submit report on fire accident to the Director of Business Operations Department.

3.1.9.3 Medical Distress / Injury

3.1.9.3.1 Do not panic. 3.1.9.3.2 Dont move the person; call immediately the security guard nearest

to your area. Ask him/her to call QU Medical Clinic at telephone number 4403 3294/ 4403 5050.

3.1.9.3.3 If the person requires medical treatment, Security shall call Control Room Operator, 4403 3600.

3.1.9.3.4 Control Room Operator shall call 999 for help. 3.1.9.3.5 Do not conduct first aid if you are not an accredited first aider, it

may aggravate the situation. Wait for medical assistance. 3.1.9.3.6 Upon arrival of medical assistance, provide your name and

describe the type of emergency you have. 3.1.9.3.7 Security shall conduct an investigation. Report shall be submitted

to the Office of the Director of Business Operations Department.

3.1.9.4 Utility Failure

3.1.9.4.1 Electrical/Light Failure

Remain calm. University buildings are equipped with

emergency lightings. However, it is recommended to consider keeping a flashlight in laboratory in case of electrical/ light failure for safe exiting.

Call Business Operations Department CSU Control Room at telephone no. 4403 3600.

Provide the following information to CSU Control Operator

Your name

Location of building where the water leak.

Contact number Control Room Operator to coordinate with O & M

contractor for rectification. Inform Business Operations Department Electromechanical Section.



3.1.9.4.2 Plumbing Failure/ Water Leak

Cease all electrical equipment. Call Business Operations Department CSU Control Room

at telephone no. 4403 3600 Provide the following information to CSU Control

Operator

Your name

Location of building where the water leak.



3.1.9.4.3 Gas Leak

Do not panic Cease all operations. Exit the area immediately. Do not attempt to correct the problem yourself. Call Business Operations Department CSU Control Room

at telephone no. 4403 3600. Provide the following information to CSU Control

Operator

Your name

Location of building where the gas leak.



3.1.9.5 Evacuation Guidelines for People with Disabilities

The following guidelines have been adopted by University to assist in planning for the evacuation of people with physical disabilities. In all emergencies, after an evacuation has been ordered:

Evacuate if possible. DO NOT use lift, unless authorized to do so by emergency

services personnel. Check on people with special needs during an evacuation. A

buddy system, where people with disabilities arrange for volunteers (co-workers/students) to alert them and assist them in an emergency, is recommended.

Only attempt an emergency evacuation if you have had emergency assistance training or the person is in immediate danger and cannot wait for emergency services personnel.

ALWAYS ASK someone with a disability how you can help before attempting any emergency evacuation assistance. Ask how he or she can best be assisted or moved, and whether there are any special considerations or items that need to come with the person.

If you have a physical disability and are unable to use stairways:

Stay calm, and take steps to protect yourself.



If there is a working phone, call Business Operation Department CSU Control Room at telephone number 4403 3600 and tell the Control Operator where you are or where you will be moving to.

If you must move, we recommend the following:

o Move to an enclosed exit stairway, while taking care not to block the exit of building personnel.

o Request persons exiting by way of the stairway to notify the Fire Section of your location.

o Await Emergency Responders.

If a power failure occurs during the day and people with disabilities choose to wait in the building for electricity to be restored, they can move near a window where there is natural light and access to a working telephone. Business Operation Department CSU Control Room Operator should be notified so they can advise emergency personnel.

If people would like to leave and an evacuation has been ordered, or if the power outage occurs at night, call BOD-CSU Control Room Operator at telephone number 4403 3600 and request evacuation assistance.

3.1.10 Incident and Accident

An Incident is a near miss, or, more nearly correct, a near hit. It has been described as a lucky accident. An Accident is, by definition, an unplanned, unwanted event that disrupts the orderly flow of the work process. It involves the motion (energy) of people, objects, or substances. It is indicated by physical injury and/or property damage.

3.1.10.1 Incident Reporting

All incident related to the operation of laboratories shall be recorded, investigated and reported. An incident does not result in injury or property damaged. A hazard and exposure to the hazard must be present before an accident can occur. Remove the hazard and you remove the exposure and the accident

3.1.10.2 Accident Reporting

All accident involving fire, chemical spills, chemical exposure and any property damaged or injuries related to the operations of laboratory must be recorded, investigated and reported. This is to determine and document properly the cause of an incident or accident occurrence and to recommend and implement corrective and preventive actions.

Laboratory Incident, Accident and Occupational Disease Report form is included in appendix 7 for proper reporting.

3.1.11 Occupational Health and Medical Surveillance

In order to ensure a safe and healthful work environment for the Qatar University campus community, Business Operations Department-Safety Unit provides an



occupational health and medical surveillance program that meets regulatory requirements and professional standards.

Business Operations Department-Safety Unit carries out its health mission as follows:

Coordinates physical examinations to assure that applicants and

employees are suited to their work and to foster health and diminish illness or injury arising from the work environment.

Coordinates employee access to emergency treatment and limited medical care for occupational and non-occupational illness or injury; helps to ensure the early detection and treatment of the occupationally ill or injured employee.

Provides training and general health education for the maintenance of optimal occupational health.

3.1.11.1 Health Examination Services

The following health examinations are required:

3.1.11.1.1 Pre-placement Examination

A pre-placement examination to evaluate overall fitness and physical ability to perform the job is required of applicants for employment at Qatar University. This examination consists of a personal medical history, an occupational history, and a physical examination that includes appropriate laboratory tests.

3.1.11.1.2 Health Examination

Some work assignments at Qatar University require a more detailed medical assessment and stricter occupational medical surveillance. A baseline examination may be required to determine the health status of an individual at the beginning of a period of occupational medical surveillance.

These examinations will be recommended at specific intervals for employees who work in jobs involving specific physical, chemical, or biological hazards (e.g. lasers, carcinogens, infectious or radioactive agents). Supervisors of these workers, with the assistance of Business Operations Department-Safety Unit, are required to identify those workers at the time of initial employment and on an annual basis for purposes of updating the database. For workers requiring a baseline examination at the time of employment, a Job Requirement Form describing exposure risk must be completed as part of the hiring package. This form will be completed by the applicant or supervisor as indicated. Arrangements will be made for the candidate to take the pre-employment and the health hazard specific examinations together if possible

3.1.11.1.3 Visitor and Student Examinations

A health history may be required for visitors or students assigned to Qatar University for more than 1 month who are involved in specific health hazardous activities. Based on the



work assignment and review of the visitors health, a physical examination or laboratory tests may also be required.

3.1.11.1.4 Termination Examinations

Employees terminating employment in certain high hazard areas (e.g. carcinogens, lasers, biohazards) will complete a termination interview and a physical examination as indicated.

3.1.11.2 Responsibilities

Laboratory in-charge/supervisor(s) and/or Principal Investigator(s) are responsible for assessing the work and identifying the possible type(s) of medical surveillance required for laboratory personnel. They must instruct their personnel as to the possible health effects and symptoms associated with acute and long term exposure. In case of a job/program transfer or termination, supervisors need to make arrangements for any appropriate exit medical screening or testing. Employees and students are required to comply with any prescribed medical screening or testing. In case of suspected or confirmed exposure or relevant symptoms, the employee or student should report this condition to the supervisor.

Business Operations Department (BOD) Safety Unit shall assist supervisors, employees and students in assessing the need for medical surveillance and coordinates examinations and testing with the health care provider. BOD participates in the interpretation of the results as well.

3.1.11.3 Diagnosing and Treating Occupational Illnesses and Injuries

3.1.11.3.1 Qatar University Regular Employees

Qatar University provides access to medical services to diagnose and treat occupational injury or disease primarily through the staff medical insurance scheme. If medical expenses resulting from a confirmed occupational injury or disease exceed the cap of the insurance scheme, the University will make special arrangement to cover the extra expenses. Employees electing to be treated by their private physician must file the physicians name and address with Business Operations Department (BOD) Safety Unit. Every injury sustained while performing Qatar University assigned tasks must be reported to the employees supervisor and to BOD. In addition, work-related injuries involving loss of work days must be reported to the Human Resource Department for notifying the Ministry of Labour. Prompt reporting of injury or illness will help to ensure prompt workers compensation payments as well as proper reporting.

3.1.11.3.2 Non-Qatar University Employees

In the case of contract labour, contractors, consultants, students and guests, the University will not normally provide examinations or routine treatment for occupational or non-occupational illness or injuries.



Some limited services such as basic first-aid/emergency treatment may be provided on an as needed basis.

3.1.11.4 Biohazards Users

Biohazard workers are defined as those staff members, contract workers, long-term visitors and students who engage in the following activities:

work with recombinant DNA vectors of all kinds. work with any bacteria, viruses or fungi. culturing of virus infected cells. processing of samples of tissues or body fluids (blood, serum, or

semen) from humans or other primates. frequent handling of laboratory animals for care or

experimentation.

The principal investigator is responsible for informing Business Operations Department (BOD) Safety Unit in advance when any employee will be working with biohazardous materials. This will include:

work with microorganisms: isolation, culturing, mutation testing. work with virus-infected cells or isolated viruses. all forms of genetic engineering. work involving handling of animals by animal care staff and

research staff.

A roster of biohazard workers will be maintained by BOD- Safety Unit. BOD-Safety Unit must update this listing annually, and when new employees or current personnel begin work with biohazards.

Minimum medical surveillance for biohazard workers includes a review of medical records, a periodic examination of the employees health with appropriate review of activities being performed and any suspected significant exposure. Medical records should include reports of any instances of accidental ingestion, inhalation, or skin penetration of biohazardous material. Employees working with potential biohazards must report any exposures immediately to BOD-Safety Unit.

Employees being treated with immunosuppressive drugs shall be excluded from biohazard work for the duration of treatment, and the treating physician must provide a statement that the employees immune status is normal prior to return to biohazardous work. Modification of work regimens during pregnancy shall be determined on a case-by-case basis.

Staff who work with potentially pathogenic microorganisms, with human cells or other samples that may contain infectious agents, and those who care for, or work with, experimental animals, are requested to have a serum sample banked by BOD-Safety Unit as a baseline for future assay in the event of accidental exposure. Additional samples will be obtained for assay in the event of a suspected exposure. Blood samples will be drawn and serum prepared for storage in a labelled container in a -70C freezer. Staff who work with human samples of any kind will be offered a course of vaccine (3 injections over 6 months) against hepatitis B virus to prevent illness in the event of accidental infection. Vaccination will be given after a pre-screen serum sample shows absence of hepatitis B antibodies. Success of immunization will be determined by post screening (one month after the last injection).



Immunization services for other infectious agents such as tetanus, tuberculosis and other diseases are provided to high risk employees working with biological agents as needed. Staff may elect to waive the right to the immunization services provided by the University with consent from the health care provider. A waiver form must be properly filled-in and signed by the concerned staff.

3.1.11.5 Respirator User Examinations

Respirator users must receive a medical examination prior to use of a respirator and once annually thereafter. Business Operations Department Safety Unit shall provide quantitative fi

Documents

1 Laboratory Safety Policy