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Lodi Unified School DistrictLodi Unified School DistrictAdvanced Placement Advanced Placement

PathwaysPathways

Lodi Unified School DistrictLodi Unified School DistrictAdvanced Placement Advanced Placement

PathwaysPathwaysINTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO PRE-AP STRATEGIESPRE-AP STRATEGIES

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What is Pre-AP?

Pre-AP is a set of content-specific strategies designed to:

– Build rigorous curricula– Promote access to AP for all students– Introduce skills, concepts, and

assessment methods to prepare students for success when they take AP and other challenging courses

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What is Pre-AP? (con’t)

– A instructional process to strengthen the curriculum and increase the academic challenge for all students

– An inclusive program for encouraging more students to access higher learning

– A tool for working together in the same direction

– A new way of thinking and approaching the classroom

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Who should be considered for AP

Pathways?• GATE identified students• AVID identified students• Underrepresented student sub-

groups• Student/Parent/Guardian

choice/request• Teacher/Counselor/Administrator

choice/request

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Pre-AP Strategies in Social Science

History (US, European) Government

EconomicsHuman Geography

Psychology

a study of change over time

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Pre-AP Strategies in Social Science (Con’t)

Students should be able to recognizeand understand:

• Cause and effect relationships• Multiple causations• Trends, themes, and interactions• The importance of BOTH change and

continuity is shaping human events

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Pre-AP Strategies for Social Science

Primary Source Analysis Strategies

– APPARTS: Author, Place and time, Prior Knowledge, Audience, Reason, The main idea, Significance

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G-Persia• G—Geographic• P-- Political• E—Economic• R—Religious• S—Social• I—Intellectual• A--Artistic

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C-GRIPES• C—Cultural• G—Geographic• R—Religious• I—Intellectual• P—Political• E—Economic• S--Social

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SPRITE• S—SOCIAL• P—Political• R—Religious• I—Intellectual• T—Technological• E—Economic

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SPEC

• S—SOCIAL• P—P0litical• E—Economic• C--Cultural

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SOAPSTone• S—Speaker• O—Occasion• A—Audience• P—Purpose• S—Subject• T--Tone

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OPTIC• O—Overview• P—Parts• T—Title• I—Interrelationships• C—draw a Conclusion

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BART• B—BIAS• A—Attribution• R—Reliability• T--Tone

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Strategies for going from Main Idea to

Details

Big Picture Strategy Creating Guiding Questions

Working from Essential-Thematic

Questions

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Strategies for going from Details to Main

Idea

1. Conceptual Identifications2. Using Subheadings3. Generating main ideas from a

reading4. Half-page solutions (note-taking

strategy)

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Strategies for Synthesizing Information

1. Categorization2. Generalization3. Evaluation

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Assessment Strategies

1. Multiple Choice—test-taking strategies

• Tips

2. Designing effective questions • Improving Student Writing

• Focus on Thesis

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Assessment Strategies (con’t)

3. Writing supporting paragraphs 4. Writing effective conclusions 5. Construction/use of Rubrics 6. Frequent and appropriate use of past AP exams as models and skill-building strategies

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Pre-AP Mathematics

Pre-AP Strategies in Mathematics and Statistics

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Pre-Ap Mathematics•Posing Questions•Reflection•After-class Debriefing•Classroom Illustration(s)•Use of Circular Objects

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Teaching from a Conceptual “Big Picture”

view of Mathematics

• Identifying and Generating Patterns• What’s the Rule?• Deducing Relationships• Looking below the surface— Identifying common structures• Sequencing Problems

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Teaching from a Conceptual “Big Picture” view of

Mathematics (con’t)

• Talking Mathematically—Class Discussions

• Providing Summaries• Indicating Agreement• Retelling Problems• Assembling Clues

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Math Assessments

• Formative• Summative• Short Answer Tests• Use of past AP Tests

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Pre-AP Science

Pre-AP Strategies in Science

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Pre-AP Science Strategies

• Individualized Instruction• Electronic Communication• Technology Tools in Education

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Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)

Applying Technology in the Classroom Observation and Analyses Small Group Collaborative learning Multimedia Quizzes/Tests The Calculator-Computer Connection

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Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)

• Using Computers in the Science Classroom

Integrating Power point Concept mapping Drawing a Concept Map• Using Spreadsheets to Analyze

Experimental data

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Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)

• Creating a Live Web Page• Linking the Graphic Calculator to

the Computer• Use of Scientific and Graphing

Calculators • Scaffolding Science Lessons/Labs

for various Grade Levels

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Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)

• Improving Reading Comprehension PACA—Predicting and Confirming Activity QAR--Question/Answer Relationship K-W-L

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Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)

• I-N-S-E-R-T: Interactive Notation System for Effective Reading and Thinking

• Spider (Web) Map• Continuum Scale (Time Line)• Series of Events Chain

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Pre- AP Science Strategies (con’t)

• Fishbone Map• Concept map• Human Interaction Outline• Problem/Solution Outline• Cycle• Use of past AP Exams

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Pre-AP English

English Pre-AP Strategies

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English teachers who utilize Pre-AP strategies at any grade level

must:

• Introduce literary terminology and definitions.

• Model the application of terminology to the reading of the work.

• Structure activities to ask students to explore a work and independently recognize the elements of style, use of literary techniques, etc.

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Structure close critical reading experiences

• Select passage from works that illustrate an author’s style, technique, etc.

• Teach students to write a prose-analysis essay

• Provide historical background of a work of literature when necessary.

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Levels of Questioning• SOAPSTone: S—Subject

O—Occasion A—Audience P—Purpose S—Speaker T--Tone

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Literary Analysis Strategies SIFT—Symbol, Images, Figures of Speech, Tone and Theme• Dante’s fourfold Method: Analyzing Symbol and Allegory• Aristotelian Theory of Criticism

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

LEAD: Analysis of Diction L—Low or informal diction E—Elevated language or formal

diction A—Abstract and concrete diction D—Denotation and connotation

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Advanced Syntactical strategies• Syntax Analysis Worksheet• Introduction and analysis of

Archetypes• DIDLS: Diction, Images, Details,

Language, Sentence Structure

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• TP-CASTT: Title, Paraphrase, Connotation, Attitude, Shifts Title (again) Theme

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Metacognitive Strategies

• Thinking Notes

• Reading Aloud

• Thinking Aloud

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

Ladders of Questions Reading Journals Reading Strategies

Annotating Texts

Discussion Methods Fishbowl Discussions Timed Discussions

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

Reading Conferences Bulletin Board Threaded Discussions Literature Circles

Using Graphic Organizers

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• SMELL: Sender-receiver relationship

Message Emotional strategies Logical Strategies Language

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

•TWIST: Tone Word Choice Imagery and detail Style Theme

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Assessment Strategies PAMDISS: Writing Strategy— Purpose, Audience, Mode,

Diction, Images/Concrete Details, Syntax, Structure

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Self-Evaluation and Revision: The Four Bases of Effective Writing

• Peer Editing• Teacher-Made Scoring Guides and

Rubrics• Use of AP Exam Student Samples

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Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)

• Modification of AP Exam questions to meet classroom objectives

• Use of Past AP Exams