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Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Our Place in Space
Dr Rhys Morris, Astrophysics Group,
Physics DeptUniversity of Bristol
2
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Our place in the Solar System: A quick history.
Aristarchus of Samos
The first person to get it right!
3
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
Putting the Sun at
the Centre of the
Solar System
4
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
In the early 20th centrury, along came Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn.
Our place in the Universe
5
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
NASA's Astronomical Data System (ADS)
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Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
The first Determination of the Shape of our Galaxy
7
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
8
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
The size is wrong, and there are no spiral arms, but
otherwise largely correct.
9
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
So we now know the shape of the galaxy.
But hints were emerging that the “spiral nebulae” could be
other “island universes”.
10
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Edwin Hubble Vesto slipher
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Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
12
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Having ascertained that there were stellar systems
Outside our own, the next step was to measure the distance
to them using Cepheid variables.
It turned out the Universe was much bigger than we
thought!
13
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
And so it went on, until 1998 when there came another twist
in the tale.
14
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
15
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
My own research: Galactic Recycling Processes using
Large Scale Galactic Surveys.
Following on from the work of Kapteyn and using a survey
Of the galactic plane (aka the milky way) in broadband
and narrow band filters.
16
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
The Milky Way
Our home galaxy.
Occasionally seen from the UK.
17
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy
18
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
A “You are Here”diagram.
19
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Area of the survey.
20
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
The Isaac Newton Telescope (La Palma)
21
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
A typical data frame from IPHAS
36 megapixels of data.
Each exposure is67megabytes....
22
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Astronomical Broadband Filters
23
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Narrow Band Filters
H-alpha (aka Balmer alpha)
narrow band filter.
24
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
INT Photometric H-Alpha Survey (IPHAS) Facts
Area covered: -5 < b < +5 in the Northern Sky = 1800 deg2
Each pixel is 0.33” by 0.33” 4 CCDs, each of 2048 x 4096 pixels 15 270 pointings, each in R, I and H-Alpha filters Survey is about 80% done, so several Tb of data exists. Also need calibration frames... A parameterarised catalogue of objects is created for each frame. Expect final catalogue to contain 80 000 000 objects, or 0.1%of the objects in the Milky Way.
25
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
My Main Research: Planetary Nebulae
The most common question!
Are Planetary Nebulae anything to do with planets?
No, the first ones to be discovered reminded Sir William Herschel of Saturn.
26
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R)Diagram.
27
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Another H-Rdiagram showingwhere PlanetaryNebulae lie.
28
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Confirming objects are what we think they are!
Raw spectrum from the South African Astrophysical
Observatory (SAAO) 1.9m telescope. Next slide shows
a processed version.
29
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Example Follow-up Spectroscopy of a Planetary Nebula
H-alpha
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Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Data Organisation
The many Tb of data are kept in FITS format in a postgresdatabase, queryable using a web page.
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Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Data Mining
Use colour-colour diagram.
Also search for“H-Alpha excess”objects.
3D plots useful.
32
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Some New Discoveries
Discovered by aBristol projectstudent!
33
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
PN Gallery
Cat’s eye nebula as
seen by the HST.Dumbbell nebula as
seen by the VLT.
34
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
PN Gallery
Egg nebula as
seen by the HST. Hourglass nebula as
seen by the HST.
35
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
PN Gallery
Little ghost nebula as
seen by the HST.
NGC6751 nebula as
seen by the HST.
36
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
PN Gallery
Spirograph nebula as
seen by the HST.
Stingray nebula as
seen by the HST.
37
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
How Many PN are there?
Estimates vary, but the theoretical estimates are much higher
than known number, so where are they hiding?
38
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
How effective are PN at recycling material from stars into
The Interstellar Medium (ISM)?
This can only be answered by detailed observations and
modeling of the the physical processes involved
39
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Some more IPHAS pictures
Combine lots of individual dataframes into one large mosaiceg IC1396 a starformation region.
40
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
More Mosaics
Planetary nebula ngc6781
Planetary nebula ngc6804
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Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
More Mosaics
Supernovaremnant sh2-242
Supernovaremnant sh-271
42
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
43
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Sheer volume of dataEffects of interstellar extinction (being calibrated now).Calibration of the whole survey to standard calibratorsTo understand how matter is processed through stars, to the Interstellar
medium and into more stars and planets.
Problems
44
Rhys Morris, Bristol Astrophysics Group
For more information see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk
January 30 2010
Our Place in Space
Thank you for listening.
Any questions?
The End