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1st declension1st declensionGM and Dentistry 3rd lessonGM and Dentistry 3rd lesson
Reading exercise
Try to guess purpose and date of creation of following texts:
Bona et CollegiaVniversitatis Carolinae Pragensis, quorum proventuset fructus S. Caes[area] M[aies]tas Alimentationi Professorum Juris et Medicinae Deputavit.
Collegium Magnum CarolinumCollegium Magnum Carolinum fundavit CarolusQuartus Imperator pro 12 Magistris in Artibus AnnoChristi 1366 quorum duo Theologiam, unus Sacram Scrip-turam, alter Magistrum Sententiarum Praelegeret, reli-qui vero Deum Theologiae studerent et facultates profiterentet habet Pagos Poczecznize, Drahilizicze, Nerzažovicze, Psari.
Transcript
Content
• Grammatical cases
• Latin declensions
• How to distinguish between decl.
• 1st declension - paradigm
• Vocabulary
Grammatical Cases
• In the Basic Medical Terminology only four grammatical cases are used albeit Latin posses six of them.
• Nominative (Nom.), Genitive (Gen.), Accusative (Acc.), Ablative (Abl.).
The Purpose of GC
• Nominative - the basic form of word.
• Genitive - connects two nouns together. It is used to express attribute. Dominant noun is further specified by another noun (attribute) that has to be in Gen.
• Accusative - certain prepositions in Latin require use of Acc.
• Ablative - the rest of prepositions uses Abl.
Latin Declensions I.
• Latin nouns could be divided to five declensions and further to groups according paradigms.
• To tell apart words belonging to different declensions we must know so called “dictionary form” of word.
Dictionary Form of a Noun
• Example: musculus, -i M.; caput, -itis N.; fractura, - ae F.
• The df. contains nominative singular form of the word followed by genitive singular ending and a letter (M, F, N) indicating the gender.
• None of those three pieces of information can be reliably guessed from the rest. You have to memorize it.
Latin Declensions II.
• In the dictionary form, look at the genitive ending:
• If the ending is -ae the word belongs to the 1st declension.
• If the ending is -i the word belongs to the 2nd declension.
• If the ending is -is the word belongs to the 3rd declension.
• If the ending is -us the word belongs to the 4th declension.
• If the ending is -ei the word belongs to the 5th declension.
The Paradigm
CaseCase SingularSingular CaseCase PluralPlural
Nom. ven -a Nom. ven -ae
Gen. ven -ae Gen. ven -arum
Acc. ven -am Acc. ven -as
Abl. ven -a Abl. ven -is
How to apply the paradigm?
v e n a
In the vocabulary you have to distinguish between two parts of a word: stem and suffix (ending):
stems
a q u a v i a d i p h t h e r i a
endings
In the 1st declension the stem will stay and the ending changes according the paradigm:
v e n ae
stems
a q u ae v i ae d i p h t h e r i ae
endings
By appending -ae we create genitive grammatical case.
Vocabulary can be found on the page 50 - 51.