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UNIT 2 CIVILIZATIONS OF THE UNIT 2 CIVILIZATIONS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLDMEDITERRANEAN WORLD

CHAPTER 6: GREECE’S GOLDEN CHAPTER 6: GREECE’S GOLDEN AND HELLENISTIC AGESAND HELLENISTIC AGES

UNIT 2 CIVILIZATIONS OF THE UNIT 2 CIVILIZATIONS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLDMEDITERRANEAN WORLD

CHAPTER 6: GREECE’S GOLDEN CHAPTER 6: GREECE’S GOLDEN AND HELLENISTIC AGESAND HELLENISTIC AGES

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LESSON 6-1 GREEK ART OF THE GOLDEN AGE

LESSON 6-1 GREEK ART OF THE GOLDEN AGE

A. Architecture1. ParthenonParthenon2. temples, gymnasiums and theaters3. wealth of Athens attracted many artist

B. Paintings1. best preserved on vases2. knowledge from Roman literature

C. Sculpture1. few still exist, copies from Romans2 “The Discus Thrower” Myron3. “Athena” “ Zeus at the Temple of Olympia”

A. Architecture1. ParthenonParthenon2. temples, gymnasiums and theaters3. wealth of Athens attracted many artist

B. Paintings1. best preserved on vases2. knowledge from Roman literature

C. Sculpture1. few still exist, copies from Romans2 “The Discus Thrower” Myron3. “Athena” “ Zeus at the Temple of Olympia”

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LESSON 6-1 GREEK ART OF THE GOLDEN AGE (CONT.)

LESSON 6-1 GREEK ART OF THE GOLDEN AGE (CONT.)

D. The Nature of Greek Art1. architecture, paintings and sculpture reflected the Greek’s view of themselves.2. Four Characteristics of Greek StyleFour Characteristics of Greek Style

(1) glorified human beings(1) glorified human beings

(2) art symbolized the people’s pride in their (2) art symbolized the people’s pride in their city statecity state

(3) art expressed Greek ideals of harmony, (3) art expressed Greek ideals of harmony, balance, balance, order and moderation.order and moderation.

(4) art expressed the Greek belief in (4) art expressed the Greek belief in combining combining beauty and functionbeauty and function

D. The Nature of Greek Art1. architecture, paintings and sculpture reflected the Greek’s view of themselves.2. Four Characteristics of Greek StyleFour Characteristics of Greek Style

(1) glorified human beings(1) glorified human beings

(2) art symbolized the people’s pride in their (2) art symbolized the people’s pride in their city statecity state

(3) art expressed Greek ideals of harmony, (3) art expressed Greek ideals of harmony, balance, balance, order and moderation.order and moderation.

(4) art expressed the Greek belief in (4) art expressed the Greek belief in combining combining beauty and functionbeauty and function

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LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

A. CosmologistsCosmologists(1) lovers of wisdomlovers of wisdom, wanted to understand the world around them, shift in focus to physical world, human beings and society.(2) ideas stimulated others

(a) PythagorasPythagoras: mathematical explanation of the universe

(b) ParmenidesParmenides: formal rule of logic(c) DemocritusDemocritus: atomic theory

B. SocratesSocrates(1) “Know Thyself”“Know Thyself”(2) criticized democracy because he believed it unwise for unskilled people to hold positions unwise for unskilled people to hold positions of power.of power.(3) considered one of history’s greatest thinkers and teachers.(4) the unexamined life is not worth livingthe unexamined life is not worth living(5) disliked the Sophist because they charged for teaching. Socrates did not use memorization he wanted people to think.

A. CosmologistsCosmologists(1) lovers of wisdomlovers of wisdom, wanted to understand the world around them, shift in focus to physical world, human beings and society.(2) ideas stimulated others

(a) PythagorasPythagoras: mathematical explanation of the universe

(b) ParmenidesParmenides: formal rule of logic(c) DemocritusDemocritus: atomic theory

B. SocratesSocrates(1) “Know Thyself”“Know Thyself”(2) criticized democracy because he believed it unwise for unskilled people to hold positions unwise for unskilled people to hold positions of power.of power.(3) considered one of history’s greatest thinkers and teachers.(4) the unexamined life is not worth livingthe unexamined life is not worth living(5) disliked the Sophist because they charged for teaching. Socrates did not use memorization he wanted people to think.

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LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

(CONT.)

LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

(CONT.)C. PlatoPlato(1) wrote down ideas of Socrateswrote down ideas of Socrates, greatest of Socrates’ students.(2) AcademyAcademy, a school devoted to teaching philosophy(3) Theory of FormTheory of Form, most important idea, that everything physical was merely an imperfect expression of a perfect universal form or idea.(4) RepublicRepublic, answered the question of what is justice, book describing his concept of the ideal organization of society.(5) Philosopher Kings, ruled by the wealthy or aristocrats.

D. AristotleAristotle(1) was a student of the Academy, and demonstrated a special skill for defining words and grouping similar or related facts. (2) classification of plants and animals(3) “Ethics”“Ethics” acts and beliefs of individuals and what brought them happiness(4) “Poetics”“Poetics” concerned with Greek drama(5) “Politics”“Politics” believed all government are good and each could easily be corrupted

C. PlatoPlato(1) wrote down ideas of Socrateswrote down ideas of Socrates, greatest of Socrates’ students.(2) AcademyAcademy, a school devoted to teaching philosophy(3) Theory of FormTheory of Form, most important idea, that everything physical was merely an imperfect expression of a perfect universal form or idea.(4) RepublicRepublic, answered the question of what is justice, book describing his concept of the ideal organization of society.(5) Philosopher Kings, ruled by the wealthy or aristocrats.

D. AristotleAristotle(1) was a student of the Academy, and demonstrated a special skill for defining words and grouping similar or related facts. (2) classification of plants and animals(3) “Ethics”“Ethics” acts and beliefs of individuals and what brought them happiness(4) “Poetics”“Poetics” concerned with Greek drama(5) “Politics”“Politics” believed all government are good and each could easily be corrupted

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LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

(CONT.)

LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

(CONT.)(6) Anyone can become angry- that is easy. But to be Anyone can become angry- that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way- right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way- that is not easy.that is not easy.

E. Math and Science1. PythagorasPythagoras: Pythagorean Theorem2. HippocratesHippocrates: disease result of natural causes

F. History1. HerodotusHerodotus: “Father of History”2. ThucydidesThucydides:: “History of the Peloponnesian War” unbiased

(6) Anyone can become angry- that is easy. But to be Anyone can become angry- that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way- right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way- that is not easy.that is not easy.

E. Math and Science1. PythagorasPythagoras: Pythagorean Theorem2. HippocratesHippocrates: disease result of natural causes

F. History1. HerodotusHerodotus: “Father of History”2. ThucydidesThucydides:: “History of the Peloponnesian War” unbiased

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LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

(CONT.)

LESSON 6-2: PHILOSOPHERS AND WRITERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE

(CONT.)G. Greek DramaG. Greek Drama

1. Great DionysiaGreat Dionysia, religious festival to honor Dionysia, three

play wrights would compete for prizes.2. Tragedies

(a) struggle against fate(b) hubris excessive pridehubris excessive pride(c) AeschylusAeschylus plays centered around death of

Agamemnon(d) SophoclesSophocles: “Oedipus Rex” traditional values(e) EuripidesEuripides: showed the reality of war, exposing exposing

the the pain and misery pain and misery 3. Comedies

(a) mocked ideas and people(b) AristophanesAristophanes: “Clouds” made fun of Aristotle,

War and Government

G. Greek DramaG. Greek Drama1. Great DionysiaGreat Dionysia, religious festival to honor Dionysia, three

play wrights would compete for prizes.2. Tragedies

(a) struggle against fate(b) hubris excessive pridehubris excessive pride(c) AeschylusAeschylus plays centered around death of

Agamemnon(d) SophoclesSophocles: “Oedipus Rex” traditional values(e) EuripidesEuripides: showed the reality of war, exposing exposing

the the pain and misery pain and misery 3. Comedies

(a) mocked ideas and people(b) AristophanesAristophanes: “Clouds” made fun of Aristotle,

War and Government

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LESSON 6-3: ALEXANDER THE GREATLESSON 6-3: ALEXANDER THE GREAT

A. Philip II of MacedoniaPhilip II of Macedonia1. recruited the first paid military2. cavalry, infantry, phalanx and archers3. goal was to unite Greece and conquer Persia4. assassinated

B. Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great1. son of Philip, educated by AristotleAristotle and military, great military leader2.331B.C.E conquered Persia, Egypt and Mesopotamia3. died of cholera or malaria at the age of 33

C. Alexander’s Empire1. important for spreading the Greek culture throughout important for spreading the Greek culture throughout the known worldthe known world2. intermarriage was encouraged3. Hellenistic AgeHellenistic Age: Alexander's death to Roman conquest4. break up resulted in generals dividing up the empire.

A. Philip II of MacedoniaPhilip II of Macedonia1. recruited the first paid military2. cavalry, infantry, phalanx and archers3. goal was to unite Greece and conquer Persia4. assassinated

B. Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great1. son of Philip, educated by AristotleAristotle and military, great military leader2.331B.C.E conquered Persia, Egypt and Mesopotamia3. died of cholera or malaria at the age of 33

C. Alexander’s Empire1. important for spreading the Greek culture throughout important for spreading the Greek culture throughout the known worldthe known world2. intermarriage was encouraged3. Hellenistic AgeHellenistic Age: Alexander's death to Roman conquest4. break up resulted in generals dividing up the empire.

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Lesson 6-4: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

Lesson 6-4: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

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Lesson 6-4: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture (cont.)

Lesson 6-4: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture (cont.)

2. ArchimedesArchimedes geometry, pi, compound pulley

D. Medicine1. AlexandriaAlexandria was the center for the study of medicine and surgery.2. studied human anatomy

E. Astronomy and Geography1. AristarchusAristarchus: earth and planets moved around the sun2.HipparchusHipparchus: predicted sun eclipses3. EratosthenesEratosthenes: circumference of the earth with amazing accuracy

F. Characteristics of Hellenistic Science1. scientistsscientists learned a great deal about how the world worked using simple instruments2. showedshowed little interest at this time in turning any of their practical inventions into labor saving devices. Example: HeroHero invented steam engine.

2. ArchimedesArchimedes geometry, pi, compound pulley

D. Medicine1. AlexandriaAlexandria was the center for the study of medicine and surgery.2. studied human anatomy

E. Astronomy and Geography1. AristarchusAristarchus: earth and planets moved around the sun2.HipparchusHipparchus: predicted sun eclipses3. EratosthenesEratosthenes: circumference of the earth with amazing accuracy

F. Characteristics of Hellenistic Science1. scientistsscientists learned a great deal about how the world worked using simple instruments2. showedshowed little interest at this time in turning any of their practical inventions into labor saving devices. Example: HeroHero invented steam engine.