VOLUME I

1 CONTENTS

13 T Lymphocytes, 174 RALPH C. BUDD KAREN A FORTNER

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BONE, JOINTS, AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE, 1

14 B Cells, 191 NATALY MANJARREZ ORDUPjO CHRISTINE GRlMALDl BETTY DIAMOND

1 Biology of the Normal Joint, 1 STEVEN R. GOLDRING MARY B. GOLDRING

15 Fibroblasts and Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes, 21 5 ANDREW FILER CHRISTOPHER D BUCKLEY

2 Synovium, 20 BARRY BRESNIHAN ADRIENNE M. FLANAGAN GARY S. FIRJ!STEIN

16 Mast Cells, 232 PETER A. NlGROVlC DAVID M. LEE

3 Cartilage and Chondrocytes, 33 MARY B. GOLDRING

17 Platelets, 245 FEDERlCo D~AZ-GONZALEZ MARK H GINSBERG

4 Biology, Physiology, and Morphology of Bone, 61 GEORG SCHETT

5 Muscle: Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, 67 MARK S. MILLER BRADLEY M. PALMER MICHAEL J. TOTH DAVID M. WARSHAW

6 Biomechanics, 79 KENTON R. KAUFMAN KAI-NAN AN

7 Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, 90 FRANK P. LUYTEN

8 Proteinases and Matrix Degradation, 97 YASUNORI OKADA

L

CELLS INVOLVED IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND INFLAMMATION, 11 7

9 Dendritic Cells, 1 17 SHAUKAT KHAN MERJA RUUTU RANJENY THOMAS NINA BHARDWAJ

10 Mononuclear Phagocytes in Rheumatic Diseases, 134 SIAMON GORDON

11 Neutrophils, 152 JOSE U. SCHER STEVEN 6 ABRAMSON MICHAEL H. PILLINGER

12 Eosinophils, 170 JOSE U. SCHER S E V E N B. ABRAMSON MICHAEL H. PILLINGER

PI Video ava~lable on the accompanylng ExpertConsuLt webslte. I Supplemental images available on the accompanylng ExpertConsult

P:T EFFECTOR MECHANISMS IN - - ITOIMMUNITY AND mm.FLAMMATION, 255

18 Innate Immunity, 255 STEVEN A. PORCELLI

19 Adaptive Immunity and Organization of Lymphoid Tissues, 268 MICHAEL L. DUSTIN

20 Autoimmunity, 281 DWIGHT H. KONO ARGYRIOS N. THEOFILOPOULOS

21 Genetics of Rheumatic Diseases, 299 PETER K. GREGERSEN

22 Epigenetics, 316 CAROLINE OSPELT STEFFEN GAY

23 Complement System, 325 JOHN P. ATKINSON

24 Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Related Compounds, 340 ROBERT B. ZURLER

25 Cell Recruitment and Angiogenesis, 358 ZOLTAN SZEKANECZ ALlSA E. KOCH

26 Cytokines, 369 IAlN B. MclNNES

27 Cell Survival and Death in Rheumatic Diseases 61 -, 382 KEITH B. ELKON

28 Experimental Models for Rheumatoid Arthritis, 400 RIKARD HOLMDAHL

- xxviii CONTENTS

29 Neural Regulation of Pain and Inflammation, 41 3 RAINER H STRAUB

km BROAD ISSUES IN THE APPROACH TO ' RHEUMATIC DISEASE, 431

30 Principles of Epidemiology in Rheumatic Disease, 431 YVONNE M. GOLIGHTLY JOANNE M. JORDAN

31 Economic Burden of Rheumatic Diseases, 440 EDWARD YELlN

32 Clinical Trial Design and Analysis, 452 ROBERT B M. L A N D E W ~ D ~ I R E E M.EM. VAN DER HEIJDE

33 Assessment of Health Outcomes, 462 DORCAS E. BEATON MAARTEN BOERS PETER TUGWELL

34 Biologic Markers, 476 JEROEN DEGROOT ANNE-MARIE ZUURMOND PAUL-PETER TAK

35 Occupational and Recreational Musculoskeletal Disorders, 493 KARINA D. TORRALBA RICHARD S. PANUSH

36 Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatic Disease, 505 SHERINE E. GABRIEL DEBORAH SYMMONS

37 Cancer Risk in Rheumatic Diseases, 515 ERIC L. M A T l B O N

38 Introduction to Physical Medicine, Physical Therapy, and Rehabilitation, 528 MAURA DALY IVERSEN

39 Pregnancy in the Rheumatic Diseases, 540 ELlZA F. CHAKRAVARTY MEGAN E. CLQWSE

EVALUATION OF GENERALIZED AND LOCALIZED SYMPTOMS, 559

40 History and Physical Examination of the Musculoskeletal System, 559 JOHN M DAVIS Ill KEVIN G MODER GENEG HUNDER

41 Acute Monoarthritis, 577 MAX FIELD

42 Polyarticular Arthritis, 587 JOHN J. CUSH KATHRYN H. D m

43 The Skin and Rheumatic Diseases, 599 LELA A. LEE VICTORIA P. WERTH

44 The Eye and Rheumatic Diseases, 617 JAMES T. ROSENBAUM

h.! DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF REGIONAL I AND DIFFUSE MUSCULOSKELETAL

PAIN, 625

45 Neck Pain, 625 JOSEPH S. CHENG M A T H E W J. McGlRT CLlNT DEVlN

46 Shoulder Pain, 639 S C O T DAVID MARTIN THOMAS S. THORNHILL

47 Low Back Pain, 665 RAJlV D I N T

48 Hip and Knee Pain, 683 JAMES I. HUDDLESTON STUART GOODMAN

49 Foot and Ankle Pain, 700 MARK D. PRICE CHRISTOPHER P. C H I O W

50 Hand and Wrist Pain, 708 C A R R I E R SWIGART

51 Temporomandibular Joint Pain, 721 DANIEL M. LASKIN

52 Fibromyalgia, 733 FREDERICK WOLFE JOHANNES J RASKER

PART DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES, 753

53 Synovial Fluid Analyses, Synovial Biopsy, and Synovial Pathology e, 753 HANl S. EL-GABALAWY

54 Arthrocentesis and Injection of Joints and Soft Tissue, 770 CHRISTOPHER M WISE

55 Antinuclear Antibodies, 789 STANFORD L. PENG JOSEPH E. CRAFT

56 Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis, 804 FELlPE ANDRADE ERIKA DARRAH ANTONY ROSEN

57 Acute Phase Reactants and the Concept of Inflammation, 81 8 AMIT SAXENA BRUCE N. CRONSTEIN

58 Imaging Modalities in Rheumatic Diseases k, 830 MIKKEL 0STERGAARD ROBERT G.W. LAMBERT WALTER GRASS1

PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS, 871

59 Prostanoid Biology and Its Therapeutic Targeting, 871 LESLIE J. CROFFORD

60 Glucocorticoid Therapy, 894 JOH.4NNES W.G. JACOBS JOHANNES W J. BIJLSMA

Traditional DMARDs: Methotrexate, Leflunomide, Sulfasalazine, Hydroxychloroquine, and Combination Therapies, 91 7 AMY C. CANNELLA JAMES R. 03L>ELL

Immunosuppressive Drugs, 941 JACOB M. VAN LAAR

Anticytokine Therapies, 957 ZUHRE TUTUNCU ARTHUR KAVANAUGH

Cell-Targeted Biologics and Targets: Rituximab, Abatacept, and Other Biologics, 978 I'ETER C. TAYLOR

Antihyperuricemic Agents, 1001 TED R. MIKULS

Analgesic Agents in Rheumatic Disease, 1014 GREGORY R. POLSTON MARK S. WALLACE

Psychosocial Management of Rheumatic Diseases, 1034 W. NEAL ROBERTS, JR.

Nutrition and Rheumatic Diseases, 1044 LISA K. STAMP LESLIE G. CLELAND

VOLUME II

75 Ankylosing Spondylitis, 1202 SJEF M. VAN nEu LINDEN DOMINIQUE BAETEN WALTER P. MAKSYMOWYCH

76 Reactive Arthritis and Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis, 1221 J.S. HILL GASTON

77 Psoriatic Arthritis, 1232 OLIVER RTZGERALD

78 Enteropathic Arthritis, 1251 FRANK A. WOLLHEIM MONIKA RONNEBERGER

71; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND RELATED SYNDROMES, 1269

79 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 1269 MARY K CROW

80 Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 1283 MARIA DALCERA L>AVIl) WOFSY

81 Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 1304 GEORGE RERTSIAS ANTONIOS FANC>URIAKIS L>IMITRIOS T. HOUMPAS

82 Antiphospholipid Syndrome, 1331 1X)RUK ERKAN JANE E. SALMON MICHAEL D. LOCKSHIN

PART RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, 1059 9

C - PART SCLERODERMA, INFLAMMATORY I 1 MYOPATHIES, AND OVERLAP 69 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid SYNDROMES, 1343

~rthrit is m, 1059 (;ARY S. FIRESTEIN

70 Clinical Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis 8, 1109 SUSAN E. SWEENEY EDWARD D. HARRIS, Jn. GARY S. FIRESTEIN

71 Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, 1 137 JAMES R. O'DELL

72 Early Synovitis and Early Undifferentiated Arthritis, 1 161 ANNETTE H.M. VAN I)ER HELM-VAN MIL THOMAS W.J. HUlZlNGA

73 Sjogren's Syndrome, 1 169 E. WILLJAM ST. CLAlR

83 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Scleroderma, 1343 JOHN VARGA

84 Clinical Features and Treatment of Scleroderma, 1366 FRANCESCO BOlN FREDRICK M. WIGLEY

85 Inflammatory Diseases of Muscle and Other Myopathies, 1404 KANNEBOYINA NAGARAJU INGRID E. LUNDBERG

86 Overlap Syndromes, 1431 ROBERT BENNElT

PART

13 VASCULITIS,

87 Classification and Epidemiology of Systemic Vasculitis, 1453 JOHN H. STONE

74 Pathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Reactive Arthritis, 1193 DAVID YU RIK LORRIES ROBERT D. INMAN

88 Giant Cell Arteritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, and Takayasu's Arteritis, 1461 DAVIL) R. HELLMANN

xxx CONTENTS

89 Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody-Associated Vasculitis, 1481 CAROLINE 0 . S SAVAGE LORRAINE HARPER

90 Polyarteritis Nodosa and Related Disorders, 1498 RAASHID LUQMANI

91 Immune Complex-Mediated Small Vessel Vasculitis, 1508 JOHN H. STONE

92 Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System, 1518 RULA A. HAJJ-ALI CAROL A. LANGFORD

93 Behqet's Disease, 1525 WILLIAM S. KAUFMAN ELIZABETH KAUFMAN McNAMARA JOSEPH L. JORIZZO

yz CRYSTAL-INDUCED AND INFLAMMASOME-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION, 1533

94 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hyperuricemia and Gout aih, 1533 ROBERT T. KEENAN JOHANNES NOWATZKY MICHAEL H. PlLLlNGER

95 Clinical Features and Treatment of Gout, 1554 CHRISTOPHER M. BURNS ROBERT L. WORTMANN

96 Calcium Crystal Disease: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate and Basic Calcium Phosphate s, 1576 ROBERT TERKELTAUB

97 Familial Autoinflammatory Syndromes, 1597 ANNA SIMON JOS W.M. VAN DER MEER JoosT EH. D R E N M

PART CARTILAGE, BONE, AND HERITABLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS, 161 7

98 Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis, 161 7 PAUL E DI CESARE DOMlNlK R HAUDENSCHILD JONATHAN SAMUELS STEVEN R ARRAMSON

99 Clinical Features of Osteoarthritis, 1636 AMANDA E. NELSON JOANNE M. JORDAN

100 Treatment of Osteoarthritis &, 1646 CARLOS J. LOZADA

101 Metabolic Bone Disease, 1660 NANCY E. LANE

102 Proliferative Bone Diseases, 1680 REUVEN MADER

103 Osteonecrosis, 1692 CHRISTOPHER CHANG ADAM GREENSPAN M. ERlC GERSHWIN

104 Relapsing Polychondritis B, 171 2 GAYE CUNNANE

105 Heritable Diseases of Connective Tissue, 171 9 DEBORAH KRAKOW

;"gn RHEUMATIC DISEASES OF CHILDHOOD, 1741

106 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Juvenile ldiopathic Arthritis, 1741 LUCY R. WEDIIERBURN KIRAN NISTALA

107 Treatment of Juvenile ldiopathic Arthritis, 1752 JOYCE]. HSU TZIELAN CHANG LEE CHRISTY I. SANDBORG

108 Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, and Vasculitis, 1771 RONALD M. LAXER SUSANNE M. BENSELER

PART INFECTION AND ARTHRITIS, 1801 17

109 Bacterial Arthritis, 1801 PAUL P. COOK DAWD S. SIRAJ

110 Lyme Disease, 1815 LINDA K. BOCKENSTE1)T

11 1 Mycobacterial Infections of Bones and Joints, 1829 ERlC M. RUDERMAN JOHN P. FLAHERTI

112 Fungal Infections of Bones and Joints, 1841 ERIC M. RUDERMAN JOHN I? FLAHERTY

113 Rheumatic Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1851 JOHN D. REVEILLE EMILY W. HUNG

114 Viral Arthritis, 1865 STANLEY J. NAIDES

115 Poststreptococcal Arthritis and Rheumatic Fever, 1875 ALLAN GIBOFSKY JOHN B. ZABRISKIE

ARTHRITIS ACCOMPANYING SYSTEMIC DISEASE, 1889

116 Amyloidosis, 1889 DAVID C. SELDIN MARTHA SKLNNER

1 17 Sarcoidosis #a, 1898 NADERA J. SWEISS ROBERT P. BAUGHMAN

118 Hemochromatosis, 1907 GAYE GUNNANE

119 Hemophilic Arthropathy, 191 5 KATHERINE S. UPGHURCH WREEN 8. B W E R

120 Rheumatologic Manifestations of Hemoglobinopathies, 1924 BRLAN MANDELL

121 Endocrine Diseases and the Musculoskeletal System, 1927 MAURlZlO CUTOLO

CONTENTS XXX~

122 Musculoskeletal Syndromes in Malignancy, 1934 ELIZA E CHAKRAVARTY

123 Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Joints and Related Structures, 1951 ANDREW E. ROSENBERG