26

Chaptershodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43447/16/16_chapter 10.pdfChapter 1® References Abraham, S. K., Sarma, L, Kesavan, P. C. (1993). Protective effects of chlorogenic

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    6

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Chapter 1® References

Abraham, S. K., Sarma, L, Kesavan, P. C. (1993). Protective effects of chlorogenic acid, curcumin and beta-carotene against gamma-radiation-induced in vivo chromosomal damage. Mutatation Res. 303: 109-112.

Agarwal, 0. P., Nagaratnam, A. (1981). Radioprotective property of flavonoids in mice. Toxicon. 19; 201-204.

Agrawala, P. K., Goel, H. C. (2002). Protective effect of RH-3 with special reference to radiation- induced micronuclei in mice bone marrow. Indian J, Exp. Biol. 40: 525-530.

Ainsworth, E. J. (1988). From endotoxins to newer immunomodulators: survival-promoting effects of microbial polysaccharide complexes in irradiated animals. Pharmacol. Ther. 39: 223-241.

Albertini, G., Rustichelli, F. (1993). Effects of gamma irradiation on the liposomal structure. In: Gregoriadils, G., (ed.) Liposome technology. 2nd ed. Vol. I. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp 400-427.

Al-Nabulsi, I., Wheeler, K. T. (1999). Radiation-induced DNA damage in tumors and normal tissues: V. influence of pH and nutrient depletion on the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks in irradiated partially and fully hypoxic tumor cells. Radiation Res. 151:188-194.

Andreassen, C. N., Grau, C., Lindegaard, J. C. (2003). Chemical radioprotection: a critical review of amifostine as a cytoprotector in radiotherapy. Semin, Radiation Oncol. 13: 62-72.

Arora, D., Kumar, M., Dubey, S. D. (2002). Centella asiatica- A review of its medicinal uses and pharmacological effects. J. Nat. Remedies 2: 143-149.

Arora, R., Goel, H. C. (2000). Herbal Radioprotectors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Radiation Biology, Radiobioiogy, Cancer Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 87.

Arora, R., Gupta, D., Chawla, R., Prasad, J., Singh, S., Sharma, A. K., Kumar, R., Sagar, R.K, Samanta, N,, Sharma, R. K. (2005). Radioprotection by Plant Products: Present Status and Future Prospects. Phytotherapy Res. 19:1-22.

Aruoma, 0. I. (1999). Free radicals, antioxidants and international nutrition. Asia Pacific J. Clin, Nutr. 8: 53-63,

Aruoma, 0 . 1., Grootveld, M., Halliwell, B. (1987). The role of iron in ascorbate dependent deoxy ribose degradation. Evidence consistent with site-specific hydroxyl radical generation caused by iron ions bound to deoxy ribose molecule. J. Inorg. biochem, 29: 289-299,

Asamari, A. M,, Addis, P. B,, Epiey, R, J,, Krick, T. P, (1996). Wild rice hull antioxidants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 126-130.

Babior, B. M, (1978), Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes (first of two parts), N.Engl. J. Med. 298: 659-68.

Banrud, H., Mikalsen, S. O., Berg, K., Moan, J. (1994). Effects of ultra-violet radiation on intercellular communication in V79 Chinese hamster fibroblast. Carcinogenesis 15: 233-239,

Baranov, A. I. (1982), Medicinal uses of Ginseng and related plants in the Soviet Union: Recent trends in the Soviet literature. J. Ethnopharmacol. 6: 339-353.

-227-

Barber, A. A., Bernheim, F. (1967). Lipid peroxidation; its measurem.ent, occurrence, and significance in animal tissues. Adv. Gerontol. Res. 2: 355-403.

Barenliolz, Y., Lasic, D. D. (1996). Handboof< of nonmedical applications of liposomes. Boca Raton, FL; CRC Press.

Beal, MF. (2002). Oxidatively modified proteins in aging and disease. Free Radic, Biol. l\̂ ed. 32: 797-803.

Beatrice, M. C., Stiers, D. L., Pfeiffer, D. R. (1984).The role of glutathione in ttie retention of Ca++ by liver mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 259:1279-1287.

Bedir, E., Khan, I., Moraes, R. M, (2002). Bioprospecting of podophyllotoxin, trends in new crops and new uses; Herbs, medicinal, and aromatics, ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, USA.

Bedews, E., Hatfield, G. M. (1982). An investigation of the antiviral activity of Podophyllum peltatum. J. Nat. Prod. 45:725-729.

Benkeblia, N, (2005). Free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant properties of some selected onions {Allium cepa L.) and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts. Brazillian Arch. Biol.Tech. 48; 753-759.

Benzie, I, P., Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power", the FRAP assay. Aanl. Blochem. 239:70-76.

Bestwick, C. S,, Milne, L. (2001). Quercetin modifies reactive oxygen levels but exerts only partial protection against oxidative stress within HL-60 cells. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 1528: 49- 59.

Beuge, J. A., Aust, S. D. (1978). Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 52C: 302-310.

Beutner, K. R., Von Krogh, G. (1990) Current status of Podophyllotoxin for the treatment of general warts. Semin. Dermatol. 9: 148.

Beuttner, G. R., Jurkiewicz, B. A. (1996). Catalytic metals, Ascorbate and free radicals: Combinations to Avoid. Radiation Res. 145: 532-541.

Beveridge, T. (1997). Juice extraction from apples and other fruits and vegetables. Citr. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 37: 449-469,

Beveridge, T,, Harrison, J. E. (2001), Microscopic structural components of sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides. L) Juice prepared by centrifugation, Lebensm.-Wiss. U.-Technol. 34: 458-461.

Biaglow JE, Varnes ME (1983). Role of thiols in cellular response to radiation and drugs. Radiation Res. 95:437-455.

Biaglow, J. E., Manevich, Y,, Uokun, F,, Held, K. D. (1997). Quantitation of hydroxyl radicals produced by radiation and copper linked oxidation of ascorbate by 2-deoxy-D-ribose method, Free RadiationBiol, Chem, 22:1129-1138.

Blasko, G,, Cordell, G,A, (1988), Recent Developments in chemistry of plant derived anticancer agents, In Wagner, H,, Hiroshi, H„ Fransworth, N. R, (eds) Economic and Medicinal Plant Research London: Academic Press.

Bolotin, E., Smogorzewska, M., Smith, M., Widmer, M., Weinberg, K. (1996). Enhancement of thymopoiesis after bone marrow transplant by in vivo interleukin-7. Blood 88:1887-1894,

Bonchev, D. (1983). Information Theoretic Indices for Characterization of Chemical Structure, Wiley InterSciences, New York.

- 228 -

Boon-Niermeijir, E. K., Vanden, Berg, A., Wikman, G., Wiegant, F. A. (2000). Phytoadaptogens protect against environmental stress-induced death of embryos from the fresh water snail Lymnea stagnalis. Phytomed. 7: 389-399.

Botta, B., Monache, G. D., Misiti, D., Vitali, A., Zappia, G. (2001). Aryltetralin lignans: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Biotransformations. Current Med. Chem. 8:1363-1381.

Bourhis, J., Rosine, D. 2002. Radioprotective effect of amifostine in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin, Oncol. 29: 61-62.

Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding, Anal. Biochem 72: 248-254.

Brandes, 0,, Sloan, K, K., Anton, E,, Bloedorn, F. (1967). The effect of X-irradiation of the lysosomes of mouse gland carcinomas. Cancer Res. 27: 731-746.

Brereton, R. A. (1990). Chemometrics: Applications of Mathematics and Statistics to Laboratory Systems, E. Horwood, New York.

Brinkhaus, B., Linder, M., Schuppan, D., Hahn, E, G. (2000). Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medicinal plant Centella asiatica. Phytomed. 7: 427-448.

Brizel, D. M., Overgaard, J. (2003). Does amifostine have a role in chemoradiation treatment? Lancet Oncol. 4: 378-381,

Brizel, D. M,, Wasserman, T. H,, Henke, M., Strnad, V,, Rudat, V,, Monnier, A., Eschwege, P., Zhang, J., Russell, L., Sauer, R. (2000). Phase III randomized trial of amifostine as a radioprotector in head and neck cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 18: 3339-3345.

Brogo, V. (1984). Effects of bremsstrahlung and electron radiation on rat motor performance. Radiation Res. 100: 313-320.

Brown, P. E. (1967) Mechanism of action of aminothiol radioprotectors. Nat. 213: 363-364.

Brown, R. P., Gerbarg, P. L., Ramazanov, Z. (2002). Rhodiola rosea: A phytomedicinal overview. Herbal Gram 56: 40-52.

Browne, D., Pillai. M. V., MacVittie, T. J., Weiss, J. F. (1990) Treatment of radiation injuries. New York: Plenum Press.

Buchardt, 0,, Jensen, R. B., Hansen, H. F,, Nielsen, P. E., Andersen, D., Chinoin, I. (1986). Thermal chemistry of podophyllotoxin in ethanol and a comparison of the cytostatic activity of the thermolysis products, J. Pharm. 75:1076-1080.

Bump, E, A, Malaker, K. (eds). (1998) Radioprotectors: Chemical, Biological and Clinical Perspective. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 431.

Burghardt, W. B., Hunt, W. A. (1985), Characterization of radiation-induced performance decrement using a two-lever shock-avoidance task. Radiation Res. 103: 149-157.

Cadet, J,, Delatour, T,, Douki, T,, Gasparetto, D., Pouget, J. P., Rovanat, J. L, Sauviago, S.(1999), Hydroxyl radicals and DNA damage. Mutation Res. 424: 9-21.

Cao, Z. F., Chen, Z. G„ Guo, P,, Zhang, S. N, Lian, L, X,, Tuo, L, Huo, W, M. (1993). Scavenging effects of ginger on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, Chung-Kuo-Chung-Yao-Tsa- Chih 18; 750-764.

Capizzi, R, L, Oster, W. (1995). Protection of normal tissue from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation by amifostine clinical experience, Eur. J, Cancer 31A (SuppH): S8-S13.

- 229 -

Castillo, J., Benavente-Garcia, 0., Lorente, J., Alcaraz, M., Redonodo, A., Ortuno, A., Del- Rio, J. A. (2000). Antioxidant activity and radioprotective effects against chromosomal damage induced in vivo by X-rays of flavan-3-ols (Procyanidins) from grape seeds (Vitis vinefera): comparative study versus other phenolic and organic compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48; 1738-1745.

Cerutti, P. A. (1978). Pro-oxidant states and tumor promotion. Sci. 227; 379-381.

Chatterjee, A., Pakrashi, S. C. (1991). The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol I, New Delhi, p. 180.

Chatterjee, A,, Pakrashi, S.C. (1995). The Treatise of Indian Medicinal Plants, Publication and Information Directorate, New Delhi.

Chatterjee, T, K., Chakraborty, A., Pathak, M. (1992). Effect of plant extract Centella asiatica (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats. Indian J. Expt. Biol. 30; 889-891.

Chattopadhyay, R. R. (1999). A comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin. J Ethnopharmacol 67; 367.

Chattopadhyay, R. R., Sarkar, S. K., Ganguly, S., Medda, C., Basu, T. K, (1992). Hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 24; 163.

Chawla, R., Arora, R., Kumar, R., Sharma, A., Prasad, J., Singh, S., Sagar, R., Chaudhary, P., Shukla, S., Kaur, G., Sharma, R. K., Puri, S. C., Dhar, K. L., Handa, G., Gupta, K. V., Qazi, G, N. (2005). Antioxidant activity of fractionated extracts of rhizomes of high-altitude Podophyllum hexandrum: Role in Radiation Protection. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 273; 193-208.

Chen, B. X., Hubbard, K., Ide, H., Wallace, S. S., Erlanger, B. F. (1990). Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to thymidine glycol monophosphate. Radiat Res. 124:131-136.

Cheng, T.J. (1992). Protective action of seed oil of l-iippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) against experimental liver injury in mice. Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih. 4; 227-229.

Cheng, T.J., Pu, J.K., Wu, L.W., Ma, Z.R., Cao, Z. and Li, T.J. (1994). A preliminary study on hepato-protective action of seed oil on Hippophae rhamnoides L. (H.R) and mechanism of the action. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih. 19; 367-370-384.

Chevion, M. (1991). Protection against free radical-induced and transition metal-mediated damage; the use of "pull" and “push" mechanisms. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 12-13; 691- 696.

Chludzinska, L., Ananicz, E., Jaroslawska, A., Komorowska, M. (2005). Near-infrared radiation protects the red cell membrane against oxidation. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 35;74-79.

Choi, H., Lee, J., Shin, H. J,, Lee, B. G., Chang, I., Hwang, J. S. (2004). Deoxypodophyllotoxin reduces skin pigmentation of brown Guinea pigs. Planta Med. 70:378-380,

Chopra, R. N. (1933). Indigenous Drugs of India. The Art Press, Calcutta, p. 655.

Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L., Chopra, I. C. (1956a). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, p. 330.

Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L., Verma, B. S. (1956b). Supplement to Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, p. 119.

Choudhary, D,, Srivastava, M., Sarma, A., Kale, R. K. (1998). Effect of high linear energy transfer radiation on biological membranes Radiation Environ. Biophys. 37:177-85.

- 230 -

Chung, K. T,, Wong, T. Y„ Wei, C. I., Huang, Y. W., Lin, Y. (1998). Tannins and Human Health: a review. Grit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, 38: 421-464.

Coleman, N. E., Blakely, W. F., Fike, J. R. (2001), Molecular and cellular biology of moderate- dose (1-10 Gy) radiation and potential mechanisms of radiation protection: Report of a workshop (Bethesda, Maryland, USA, December, 17-18.

Coleman, N. E., Blakely, W. F„ Fike, J. R., Mac, Vittie. T. J., Metling, N. F., Mitchell, J. B., Moulder, J. E., Preston, J. R„ Seed, T„ Stone, H. B., Tofilon, P. J., Wong, R. S. L. (2003), Molecular and cellular biology of moderate-dose (1-1 OGy) radiation and potential mechanisms of radiation protection: Report of a workshop (Bethesda, Maryland, USA, December, 17-18, 2001) Radiat Res 159: 812-834,

Condaminet, B., Redziniak, G,, Monsigny, M,, Kieda, C. (1997). Ultraviolet rays induced expression of lectins on the surface of a squamous carcinoma keratinocyte cell line. Exp. Cell. Res. 232: 216-224,

Conklin, J. J., Walker, R, I. (1987). In: Military Radiobiology. Conklin J. J. and Walker R. I. (eds) Academic Press.

Cooper, G., Margulis, L, (1977). Delay in migration of symbiotic algae in Hydra viridis by inhibitors of microtubule protein polymerization. Cytobios. 19: 7-19.

Crompton, M. (1999).The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in cell death. Biochem. J. 341: 233-249.

Curtin, J. F., Donovan, M., Cotter, T. G. (2002). Regulation and measurement of oxidative stress in apoptosis, J. Immunol. Methods 265: 49-72.

Dacie, J. V., Lewis, S.M. (1995). Practical Hematology, 8"’ Edition, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

Dall'Acqua, S., Giorgetti, M., Cervellati, R., Innocenti, G. (2006). Deoxypodophyllotoxin content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Z Naturforsch [C]. 61: 658-662.

Dangles, O., Dufour, C., Manach, C,, Morand, C., Re'me' sy, C. (2000). Binding of flavonoids to plasma proteins. In: Packer, L., (ed.) Bioflavonoids and Polyphenols Academic Press, Orlando, FL.

Daniniak, N., Tann, B, J. (1995). Utility of biological membranes as indicators for radiation exposure: alterations in membrane structure and function over time. Stem Cell. 13: 142- 152.

Darbinyan, V., Kteyan, A., Panossian, A, (2000). Rhodiola rosea in stress-induced fatigue-a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians on night duty. Phytomed. 7: 365- 371,

Davidson, D. E., Grenan, M, M., Sweeney, T. R, (1980) Biological characteristics of some improved radioprotectors. In: Radiation sensitizers, their use in the clinical management of cancer (Brady LW, ed.). New York: Masson, pp. 309-320.

Davies, M.J., Slater, T.F, (1987). Studies on Metal ion and lipoxygenase-catalyzed breakdown of hydroperoxides using electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy, Biochem J. 245:167.

Davis, R. E., Schlumpf, B. E„ Klinger, P. D. (1985). Comparative neurotoxicity of tubulin-binding drugs: inhibition of goldfish optic nerve regeneration. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 80:308-315.

Denison, L, Haigh, A., D’ Cunha, G., Martin, F. (1992). DNA ligands as radioprotectors: molecular studies with Hoechst 33342 and Hoechst 33258. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 61: 69-81.

- 231 -

Devasagayam, T. P, A., Boloor, K. K., Ramasarma, T, (2003). Methods for estimating lipid peroxidation: An analysis of merits and demerits. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 40:300-308.

Devi, U. P., Ganasoundari, A., Rao, B. S. S., Srinivasan, K. K. (1999). In vivo radioprotection by Ocimum sanctum flavonoids: survival of mice. Radiation Res. 151: 74-78.

Dewick, P.M. (2001). IVledicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. New York USA p-137.

Dhar, IVI. L, Dhar, M. M., Dhawan, B. N., Mehrotra, B. N,, Ray, C. (1968). Screening of Indianplants for biological activity. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 6: 232-247.

Dharmani, P., Kulshreshta, D. K., Palit, Z. (2002). Evaluation of antiulcerogenic activity of crudedrug extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Indian J. Pharmacol. 34: 296-299.

Di Lusio, N. R. (1973). Antioxidants lipid peroxidation and chemical-induced injury. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 32:1875-1881.

Diaz-Lanza A. M., Abad-Martinez M.J., Fernandez-Matellano. (2001). Lignan and phenylpropanoid glycosides from Phillyrea latifolia and their in vitro antiinflammatory activity. Planta Med. 67: 219-223.

Diplock, A.T. (1994). Free Radical Damage and Its Control, New Comprehensive Biochemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 28: 113.

Diwan, P. V., Karwande, I., Singh, A. K. (1991), Anti-anxiety profile of Mandukparni Centella asiatica Linn. In animals. Fitoterapia 62: 255-257.

Dorr, W. F., Noack, R., SpekI, K., Farell, C. L, (2001). Modification of oral mucositis by keratinocyte growth factor: single radiation exposure. Int. J. Radiation Res. 77: 341-347.

Dow, L. W., Sinkule, J. A., Look, A. T., Horvath, A., Evans, W. E. (1983). Comparative cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of the epipodophyllotoxins 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6-0-2-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) and 4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6-0-2- thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) and their metabolites on human leukemic lymphoblasts. Cancer Res. 43:5699-5706.

Duh, P. D., Yen, G. C. (1997). Antioxidative activity of three herbal water extracts. Food Cham. 42: 629-645.

Duhan, D. M. (1999). The antimutagenic activity of biomass extracts from the cultured cells medicinal plants in the Ame's test. Tsitol Genet. 33:19-25.

Duthie, G, G., Duthie, S. J., Kyle, J, A. M. (2000). Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: implications as nutritional antioxidants. Nutr. Res. Rev, 13: 79-106.

Edwards, A. A., Lloyd, D, C. (1998). Risks from ionizing radiation: deterministic effects. J. Radiation Prot. 18: 175-183.

Elia, M. C., Bradley, M. 0. (1992), Influence of chromatin structure on the induction of DNA double strand breaks by ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 52:1580-1586.

Emerit, l„ Oganesian, N., Pogossian, A., Sarkisian, T., Cernjavski, L, Levy, A., Feingold, J. (1997). Oxidative stress-related clastogenic factors in plasma of Chernobyl liquidators: protective effects of antioxidant plant phenols, vitamins and oligoelements. Mutation Res. 377: 239-246.

- 2 3 2 -

Emerit, J., Oganesian, N., Sarkisian, T., Arutyunyan, R., Pogosian, A., Asrian, K., Levy, A., Cernjavski, L. (1995). Clastogenic factors in tiie plasma of Chernobyl recovery workers: Anticlastogenic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Radiation Res. 144: 198-205.

Erickson, G. A., Koppenol, W. H. (1987). Effects of gamma irradiation on isolated rat liver mitochondria. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 51:147-155.

Ernst, E. (2002). The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: Ginkgo, St. John’s wort, ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava. Ann. Intern. Med. 136: 42-53.

Esterbauer, H., Gebicki, J., Puhl, H., Juergens, G. (1992). The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radio. Biol. Med. 13: 341-390.

Esterbaur, H. (1995). The chemistry of oxidation of lipoproteins. In: Rice-Evans, C., Bruckdorfer, K. R., (eds.) Oxidative Stress, Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Dysfucntion. London: Portland Press: 55-79.

Esterbaur, H., Jurgens, G., Qhehendergen, 0., Kolle, E. (1987), Autooxidation of human LDL: Loss of polyunsaturated acids and Vitamin E and generation of aldehydes. J. Lipid Res. 28:495-509.

Evans-R, C. A., Diplock, A. T., Symons, M. C. R. (1991). Techniques in Free Radical Research Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands p.291.

Ferraii, M., Signorini, C., Caciotti, B. (1997). Protection against oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane by the flavonoid quercetin and its relation to iron chelating activity. FEBS Lett. 416: 123-129.

Ferri, K. F, Kroemer, G. (2001). Mitochondria-the suicide organelles. BioAssays 23: 111-115.

Fideur, F., Le Bail, J. G., Duroux, J. L, Simon, A., Chulia, A. J. (2001). Antiproliferative, anti- aromatase, anti-17beta-HSD and antioxidant activities of lignans isolated fronri Myristica argentea. Planta Med. 67: 700-704.

Fiorani, M., Sanctis, R. D., Beilis, R. D., Dacha, M. (2002). Intracellular flavonoids as electron donars for extracellular ferricyanide reduction in human erythrocytes. Free Rad. Bil. Med. 32: 64-72.

Firuzi, 0., Lacanna, A., Petrucci, R., Marrosci, G., Saro, L. (2005), Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of flavanoids by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and cyclic voltametry. Biochim. et Biophy. Acta. 1721:174-184.

Foster, S. (1993). Medicinal plant conservation and genetic resources: examples from the temperate Northern hemisphere. Acta Hort. 330: 67-73.

Foye, W. O. (1969) Radiation-protective agents in mammals, J Pharmaceut. Sci. 58: 283-300.

Franz, C, G. (1985). Effects of mixed neutron-gamma total-body irradiation on physical activity performance of rhesus monkeys. Behav. Neural Bioi. 40:114-118.

Fridovich, 1. (1978). The biology of oxygen radicals. Sci. 201: 875-880.

Furuse, M., Tsuneoka, K., Uchida, K., Nomoto, K, (1997). Acceleration of granulocytic cell recovery in irradiated mice by a single subcutaneous injection of a heat-killed Lactobacillus case/preparation, J. RadiationRes. 38:111-120.

Ganasoundari, A,. Uma Devi, P., Rao, B, S. S. (1998), Enhancement of bone marrow radiation protection and reduction in WR-2721 toxicity by Ocimum sanctum. Mutation Res. 397: 303- 312.

- 233 -

Ganasoundari, A., Uma Devi, P., Rao, M. N. A. (1997a). Protection against radiation-induced chromosome damage in mouse bone marrow by Ocimum sanctum. Mutation Res. 373: 271-276.

Ganasoundari, A,, Zare, S. M., Uma Devi, P. (1997b). Modification of normal tissue sensitivity by some medicinal plants. Br. J. Radiol. 70: 599-602.

Gandhi, N. M., Gopalaswamy, U. V., Nair, C. K. (2003). Radiation protection by disulfiram: protection of membrane and DNA in vitro and in vivo against gamma-radiation: J. Radiation Res. (Tokyo). 44; 255-259,

Gandhi, N. M., Maurya, D. K., Saivi, V., Kapoor, S., Mukherjee, T., Nair, C. K. (2004). Radioprotection of DNA by glycyrrhizic acid through scavenging free radicals. J. Radiation Res. 45:461-468.

Gandhi, N. M., Nair, C. K. (2004). Radiation protection by diethyldithiocarbamate: protection of membrane and DNA in vitro and in vivo against gamma-radiation. J. Radiation Res. (Tokyo). 45:175-180.

Gandhi, N. IVI., Nair, C. K. (2005a). Protection of DNA and membrane from gamma radiation induced damage by gallic acid. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 278: 111-117.

Gandhi, N. M., Nair, C. K. (2005b). Radiation protection by Tern)inalia chebuia: some mechanistic aspects. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 277: 43-48.

Gao, R., Gao, C., Tian, X., Yu, X., Di, X., Xiao, H., Zhang, X. (2004). Insecticidal activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin, isolated from Juniperus sabina L, and related lignans against larvae of Pieris rapae L. Pest Management Sci. 60:1131-1136.

Gebhardt, R. (2002). Oxidative stress, plant-derived antioxidants and liver fibrosis. Planta Med. 68: 289-296.

Gensler, W. J., Johnson, F. (1963). Compounds Related to Podophyllotoxin. XIV . isopodophyilo toxin and Epiisopodophyllotoxin. J. Am Soc. Chem. 85: 3670.

Germano, C., Ramazanov, Z., Bernal, S. M. (1999). Arctic root {Rhodioia rosea): The Powerful New Ginseng Alternative. Kensington Publishing Corporation, New York, USA.

Gerschman, R., Gilbert, R., Nye, S. W., Dwyer, P., Fenn, W. (1954). Oxygen poisoining and X-irradiation- A mechanism in common. Sci. 119: 623-626.

Giambarresi, L., Jacobs, A. J. (1987). Radioprotectants. In; Military Radiobiology (Conklin JJ, Walker Rl (Eds), Academic Press, Inc, London, pp. 265-301.

Giannopoulou, E., Kastoris, P., Kardamakis, D., Papadimitriou, E. (2003). Amifostine inhibits angiogenesis. In vivo Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 304; 729.

Gileva, T. G,, Lukin, A. V. (1984). Assessment of the efficacy of radioprotective compounds in radiation therapy of larynx carcinoma. Kazanskii Meditsinskii Zhurnal 75: 374-375.

Glaber, G., Graefe, E. U., Struck, F., Veit, M., Gebhardt, R. (2002). Comparison of antioxidative capacities and inhibitory effects of cholesterol biosynthesis of quercetin and potential metabolites. Phytomed. 9; 33-40.

Godhwani, S., Godhwani, J. L., Vyas, D. S. (1987). Ocimum sanctum: An experimental study evaluating its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity in animals. J. Ethnopharmacoi. 21:153.

Gopaul, N. K., Zacharowski, K., Halliwell, B., A^nggSrd, E. E. (2000). Evaluation of the postprandial effects of a fast-food meal on human plasma F2-isoprostane levels. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 28; 806-814,

- 234 -

Gordon, M. H. (1990). In: Hudson B. J. F., (ed.) Food Oxidants. Elsevier applied science: London and New York,, pp. 1-18,

Govil, J. N., Pandey, J., Shivkumar, B. G., Singh, V. K. (2002). Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants. Vol 1-8, Science Technology Publishing LLC, Houston, TX.

Govindachari, T, R. (2002). Five decades in the study of natural products. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Chem. Sci.) 114: 175-195.

Graf, E., Mahoney, J, R., Bryant, R. G., Eaton, J. W. (1984). Iron catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation: strignent requirement for free iron coordination site. J, Biol, Chem. 259: 3620- 3624.

Grdina, D, J., Murley J. S., Kataoka, Y. (2002). Radioprotectants: current status and new directions. Oncology 2: 2 -10 .

Grdina, D. J., Wright, B. J., Carnes, B. A. (1991) Protection by WR-151327 against late-effect damage from fission-spectrum neutrons. RadiationRes. 128: S124-S127,

Green, A,, Prugr, A,, Stoudt, P. M., Murray, D. (1985). Relation ship between DNA damage and the survival of radiosensitive mutant Chinese hamster cell lines, exposed to gamma- radiation Part 1: Intrinsic radiosensitivity. Int. J. RadiationBiol. 61:465-472.

Green, D. R., Reed, J. C. (1998). Mitochondria and Apoptosis, Sci. 283: 1476-1481,

Green, L. C., Wagner, D. A., Glogowski, J. (1982). Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. 126: 131-138.

Greenrod, W., Fenech, M, (2003). The principal phenolic and alcoholic components of wine protect human lymphocytes against hydrogen peroxide- and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in vitro. Mutagenesis. 18: 119-126.

Griffiths, N. M., Francois, A. Dublineau, I., Lebrun, F, Joubert, C., Aigueperse, J,, Gourmelon, P, (1996). Exposure to either gamma or mixed neutron/gamma field irradiation modifies vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor characteristics in membrane isolated from pig jejunum. Int. J. Radiation Biol, 70: 361-370.

Guenechea, G., Albella, S., Bueren, J. A., Maganto, G., Tudure, P., Guerreo, A., Pevel, J. P., Real, A, (1997). AM218, a new polyanionic polysaccharide, induces radioprotection in mice when administered shortly before irradiation. Int. J. RadiationBiol. 71:101-108.

Gupta, D., Arora, R., Garg, A. P., Bala, M., Goel, H. C. (2004). Modification of radiation damage to mitochondrial system in vivo by Podophyllum hexandrum: mechanistic aspects. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 266: 65-77,

Gupta, D,, Arora, R„ Garg, A. P., Goel, H. C. (2003), Radiation protection of HepG2 cells by Podophyllum hexandrum Royale. Mol, Ceil, Biochem, 250: 27-40,

Gupta, D,, Arora, R,, Goel, H. C. (2002), Effect of Himalayan Mayapple on mitochondria: implications in radiation protection. Indian J, Nuclear Medicine 17:19-20,

Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1985). Age Pigments and free radicals: fluorescent lipid complexes formed by iron- and copper- containing proteins. Biochim, Biophys. Acta. 834:144-148.

Haghen, U. (1989). Radiation biology in space: a critical review. Advance Space Research 9: 3-8.

Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J, M. C, (1990), Free radicals and metal ions in human diseases. Methods Enzymol, 186: 1-85,

Halliwell, B,, Gutteridge, J, M, C. (1984). Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J. 219:1-14.

-235-

Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J. M. C„ Aruoma, 0. I. (1987). The deoxyribose method; A simple test tube assay for determination of the rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal. Biochem. 165: 215-219.

Hancock, J. T., Desikan, R., Neill, S. J. (2001). Does the redox status of cytochrome C act as a fail-safe mechanism in the regulation of programmed cell death? Free Radic. Biol. Med. 31: 697-703.

Hanson, W. R., Grdina, D. J. (1987). Radiation-induced DNA single-strand breaks in the intestinal mucosal cells of mice treated with the radioprotectors WR-2721 or 16-16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 nt J. Radiation Biol. Relat. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med. 52: 67-76.

Hanson, W. R., Houseman, K. A., Colins, P. W. (1988). Radiation protection in vivo by prostaglandins and related compounds of the arachidonlc acid cascade. Pharmacol. Ther. 39: 347-356.

Hanson, W. R., Zhen, W. Geng, L., Hunter, N., Milas, L, (1995). The Prostaglandin El analog misoprostol, a normal tissue protector, does not protect four murine tumors in vivo from radiation injury. Raidat. Res. 142: 281-287.

Harapanhalli, R. S., Nara, V. R., Yaghmai, V., Azure, M. T., Goddu, S. M., Howell, R. W., Rao, D. V. (1994). Vitamins as radioprotectors in vivo: II Protection by Vitamin A and Soybean oil against radiation damage caused by internal radionucleides. RadiationRes. 139: 115-122.

Harris, G. M., Livingstone, S.E. (1964). Bidendate chelates In: Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates, Dwyer, F. P., Mellor, D. P. (Eds.) Vol.1 (Academic Press, New York, USA): 95,

Haslam, E. (1996), Natural polyphenols (vegetables tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. J. Nat. Prod. 59:205-215.

Heal, C. A., Spencer, S. A. (1995), Methaemoglobinaemia with high-dose nitric oxide administration. Acta Paediatr. 84:1318-1319,

Heckenkamp, J., Leszezynski, D., Schiereck, J., Kung, J., LaMuraglia, F. M. (1999). Different effects of photodynamic therapy and gamma-irradiation on vascular smooth muscle cells and matrix: implication for inhibiting restenosis. Arterioscler, Thromb. Vase. Biol. 19: 2154- 2161.

Herceg, Z., Kljajic, R., Horsic, E. (1992). Toxicity and radioprotective effects of radioprotector ethiofos in the pig. Periodicum Biologorum 94: 257-262.

Herodin, F. J., Bourin, P., Mayol, J. F., Lataillade, J. J., Drouet, M. (2003). Short-term injection of antiapoptotic cytokine combinations soon after lethal gamma irradiation promotes survival. Blood 101:2109-2116.

Hershko, C. M., Link, G. M., Konijn, A. M., Cabantchik, Z. I, (2005) iron chelation therapy. Curr. Hematol. Rep. 4: 110-116

Hicks, R. P., Sneden, A. T. (1985). Preparation of glucosidic derivatives of steganol. J, Nat. Prod. 48: 357-362.

Himmelreich, U., Kuchel, P. W. (1997), ^̂ C-NMR studies of transmembrane electron transfer to extracellular ferricyanide in human erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 246: 638-645.

Hininger, I., Waters, R., Osman, M., Garrel, C,, Fernholz, K., Roussel, A, M., Anderson, R. A, (2005). Acute prooxidant effects of vitamin C in EOTA chelation therapy and long-term antioxidant benefits of therapy. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 38:1565-1570,

Horvathova, K,, Novotny, L,, Tothova, D,, Vachalkova, A, (2004). Determination of free radical scavenging activity of quercetin, rutin, luteolin and apigenin in H202-treated human ML cells K562, Neoplasma. 51: 395-399.

- 2 3 6 -

Hsu HY, Yang JJ, Lin SY, Lin CC. 1997. Comparisons of geniposidic acid and geniposide on antitumor and radioprotection after subletlial irradiation. Cancer Lett. 113: 31-37.

lanev, E., Radiv, S., Balutsov, IVi., Klouciiek, E., Popov, A. (1995). The effect of an extract of Sea Buckthorn {Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats. Khiruginia (Sofiia). 48; 30-33.

Ishii, K., Watanabe, M, (1996). Participation of gap-junctional cell communication on the adaptive response in human cells induced by low dose of X-rays. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 69: 291-299.

Iwu, M. M. Wooton. J. C. (2002). Ethnomedicine and Drug Discovery, Elsevier Publications, Amsterdam, p. 330.

Jacobson, M, D. (1996). Reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death, T.I.B.S. 21: 83-86Jagetia, G. C., Baliga. M. S. (2005). Radioprotection by mangiferin in DBAxC57BL mice: a

preliminary study. Phytomed. 12: 209-215

Jagetia, G. C., Venkatesh, P., Baliga, M. S. (2004). Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of bael leaf (Aegie marmelos) extract in mice. Int. J. of RadiationBiol. 80: 281 - 290

Jain, S, K. (1991). Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany. Deep Publications, New Delhi, p. 311.

Jeppsson, N. (1999). Progress in research and development of sea buckthorn in Sweden, Proceeding of international Symposium on Sea Buckthorn [Hippophae rhamnoids L.), Beijing 1999, China.

Johansson, A. K., Korte, H., Yang, B., Stanley, J. C„ Kallio, H. P. (2000). Sea buckthorn berry oil inhibits platelet aggregation. J. Nutri. Biochem. 11: 491-495,

Joshima, H., Ohara, H., Aoki, Y. (1992). The effect of OK-432 upon erythropoietic recovery in sub-lethaliy irradiated mice: A preliminary report. J. Radiation Res. 33: 290-300.

Kakkar, P., Das, B., Viswanathan, P. N. (1984). A modified spectrophometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian J. Biophy. Biochem. 21:110-133.

Kaiechman, Y., Shani, A., Albeck, M., Sredni, B. (1995a). Induction of acute phase proteins in mice and humans by treatment with AS101, an immunomodulator with radioprotective properties. Immunopharmacol. 29:149-158.

Kaiechman, Y., Zuloff, A., Albeck, M., Strassmann, G. (1995b). Role of endogenous cytokine secretion in radioprotection conferred by the immunomodulator Ammonium trichloro- (dioxyethylene-0, O') tellurate. Blood 85:1555-1561.

Kallio, K., Yang, B.R., Tahvonen, R., Hakala, M. (1999). Composition of sea buckthorn berries of various origins. Proceeding of International Symposium on Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoids L.). Beijing, China.

Karbownik, M., Reiter, R. J., Qi, W,, Garcia, J, J., Tan, D. X., Manchester, L, C„ Vijayalaxmi. (2000). Protective effects of melatonin against oxidation of guanine bases in DNA and decreased microsomal membrane fluidity in rat liver induced by whole body ionizing radiation.: Mol. Cell, Biochem. 211:137-144.

Kaufman, D. W., Kelly, J. P., Rosenberg, L, Anderson, T. E„ Mitchell, A. A, (2002). Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States. Jama. 287: 337-344.

Kehrer, J. P. (1993). Free Radicals as mediators of tissue injury and disease. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 23:21-48.

- 237 -

Kergonou, J. F., Braquet, M. Rocquet, G. (1981). Influence of whole body Y-irradiation upon rat liver mitochondrial fractions. Radiation Res. 88: 377-384.

Kessler, M., Jung, U. G. (2003). Anti- and pro-oxidant activity of rutin and quercetin derivatives. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 55; 131.

Keum, Y. S, Park K. K, Lee, J. M„ Chun, K. S., Park, J, H., Lee, S, K., Kwon, H., Surh, Y. J.(2000). Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanolic extract of heat- precessed ginseng. Cancer Lett. 150; 41-48.

Kier, L. B. (1990). In; Computational Chemical Graph Theory Rouvray, D.H. (ed). Nova Science Publishers, New York p. 151-174.

Kier, L. B,, Hall, L, H, (1976). Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research. Academic Press, New York.

Kim, H. Y„ Yokozawa, T.. Cho, E. J., Cheigh, S. H., Choi, J. S., Chung, H, H. (2003). In vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of Mustard leaf {Brassica juncea). Phytother. Res. 17; 465-471.

Kim, S. H„ Cho, C. K., Yoo, S. Y., Koh, K. H., Yun, H. G„ Ki, M. T. H. (1993). In vivo radioprotective activity of Panax ginseng and diethylditiocarbamate. In vivo 7: 467-470.

Kim, S. H., Son, C. H., Nah, S. Y„ Jo, S. K., Byun, M. W„ Shin, D. H. (2001). Modification of radiation response in mice by Panax ginseng and diethyldithiocarbamate. In vivo 15; 407- 411.

Kim, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Markelonis, G, J., Oh, T. H. (1998). Ginsenosides Rbl and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. J. Neurosci. Res. 53; 426-432.

Kim, Y. K., Guo, Q., Packer, L. (2002). Free radical scavenging activity of red ginseng aqueous extracts. Toxicology 172; 149-156.

Kiso, Y,, Konno, C., Hikino, H., Yagi, Y., Hashimoto, I. (1982). Liver-protective actions of desoxypodophyllotoxin and its analogs. J. Pharmacobiodyn, 5; 638-641.

Kitts, D. D., Wijewickreme, A. N., Hu, C. (2000). Antioxidant properties of a North American ginseng extract. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 203; 1-10.

Kobayashi, S., Ueda, K., Kumano, T. (1990). The effects of metal chelation ions on the DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Agric. Biol. Chem, 54:69-76.

Koga, T. M., Moro, K., Terao, J. (1998). Protective effect of vitamin E analog phosphatidyl chromanol, against oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Lipid 33: 589-599.

Konings, A. W., Drijver, E. B. (1979), Radiation effects on membranes. I. Vitamin E deficiency and lipid peroxidation. Radiation Res. 80: 494-501.

Konopacka, M. (1996). Vitamins as radioprotectors of normal ceils. Postepy Hig Med. Dosw. 50; 145-156.

Korina, L. G., Afana’ev, I.B. (1997), Antioxidant and chelating properties of flavonoids. Adv. Pharmacol. 38: 151-163.

Kowaltowski, A. J., Castilho, R. F., Vercesi, A. E. (2001). Mitochondrial permeability transition and oxidative stress. FEBS Lett. 495:12-15.

Kumar, I. P., Rana, S. V. S., Samanta, N., Goel, H.C, (2003). Enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis by Podophyllum hexandrum. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 55: 1267-1273.

- 2 3 8 -

Kumar, K. S., Srinivasan, V,, Toles, R., Jobe, L, Seed, T. M. (2002). Nutritional approaches to radioprotection: Vitamin E. Military Medicine 167: 57-59.

Kumar, P., Kuttan, R., Kuttan, G. (1996). Radioprotective effect of Rasayanas. Ind. J. Exp. Biol, 34: 848-850.

Kumar, R., Singh, D. P., Chaturvedi, V. K., Pathak, R. C. (1997). A note on antiviral property of neem {Mella azadirachta] and tulsi {Ocimum sanctum) against new castle disease virus. Indian J. Comp. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. Dis. 18: 192.

Kumar, R., Singti, P. K., Arora, R., Sharma, A., Prasad, J., Sagar, R., Singh, S., Sharma. R. K. (2005). Radioprotection in mice liver by Podophyllum hexandrum: A mechanistic approach. Envir. Toxicol, AppI, Pharmacol 20: 326- 334,

Kure, F, (1992). The radioprotective effects of methylprednisolone and Sho-Saikoto on mouse lung, Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 52: 96-103,

Lampe, J. W., Martini, M. C., Kurzer, M. S., Adlercreutz, H., Slavin, J. L. (1994). Urinary lignan and isoflavonoid excretion in premenopausal women consuming flaxseed powder. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60: 122-128

Lancaster, J. (1995). The Biological Chemistry of Nitric Oxide. New York: Academic Press.

Landauer, M. R., McChesney, D. G., Ledney, G. D. (1997), Synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate (S-TDCM): behavioural effects and radioprotection. J. Radiation Res. 38: 45-54.

Lang, J. K., Vigo-Pelfrey, C. (1993). Quality control of liposomal lipids with special emphasis on peroxidation of phospholipids and cholestrol. Chem. Phy, Lipids. 64:19-29.

Lasic, D. D. (1993). Liposomes: From physics to applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.

Lawrence, C. W, (1971), Cellular Radiobiology, Edward Arnold Co., London, 35-37.

Lazareva, M. B., Petkov, V. D., Markovska, V. L, (1986). Effects of meclofenoxate and extract Rhodiola rosea L. on electroconvulsive shock-impaired learning and memory in rats. Methods in Ind. Exp. Cli. Pharmacol. 8: 547-552.

Leander, K., Rosen, B. (1988). Medicinal used for podophyllotoxin. US patent 4,788,216.

Lee, H. C., Yin, P. H,, Lu, C, Y., Chi, C. W., Wei, Y. H. (2000a), Increase of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in response to oxidative stress in human cells. Biochem. J. 348: 425- 432.

Lee, H, J„ Choi, S, C„ Choi, E. Y, Lee, M, H„ Seo, G, S., Kim, E. C., Yang, B. J., Lee, M. S., Shin, Y. I., Park, K. I,, Jun, C. D, (2005), Iron chelator induces MIP-alpha/CCL20 in human intestinal epithelial cells: implication for triggering mucosal adaptive immunity, Exp, Mol. Med. 37: 297-310.

Lee, J. C., Kim, J., Park, J. K., Chung, G. H., Jang, Y. S, (2003), The antioxidant, rather than prooxidant, activities of quercetin on normal cells: quercetin protects mouse thymocytes from glucose-oxidase mediated apoptosis, Exp,Cell Res. 291: 386-397.

Lee, M, W., Lee, Y. A., Park, H, M, (2000b), Antioxidative phenolic compounds from the roots of Rhodiola sacchalinensis A, Bor, Arch, Phram. Res. 23:455-458.

Lee, S. H,, Son, M, J., Ju, H. K., Lin, C. X,, Moon, T. C., Choi, H. G., Son. J. K., Chang, H. W. (2004), Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenases-2 and 5-lipoxygenase by deoxypodophyllotoxin in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27:786-788.

- 2 3 9 -

Leo, A. J. (1975). Structure-Activity Correlations in Studies of Toxicity and Bioconcentration with Aquatic Organisms. Veith, G. D., Konasewich, D. F. (eds).

Lerndal, T., Svensson, B. (2000). A clinical study of CPH82 vs. methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatolog. (Oxford) 39: 316.

Li, G., Lee, C. S., Woo, M. H., Lee, S. H., Chang, H. W„ Son, J, K. (2004). Lignans from the bark of Machilus thunbergii and their DNA topoisomerases I and II inhibition and cytotoxicity. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27:1147-1150.

Li, T. S. C. (1999). Sea Buckthorn: New Crop Opportunity. In: Janick, I. ed. Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, USA. pp.335-337.

Ligeret, H., Barthelemy, S., Zini, R., Tillement, J. P. Labidalle, S., Morin, D. (2004). Effect of curcumin and its derivatives on mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 36: 919-929.

Lin, C. X,, Lee, E., Jin, M. H., Yook, J., Quan, Z., Ha, K., Moon, T. C., Kim, M. J., Kim, K. J., Lee, S. H., Chang, H. W. (2006). Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) inhibits eosinophil recruitment into the airway and Th2 cytokine expression in an OVA-induced lung inflammation. Planta Med. 72: 786-791.

Links, M., Lewis, C. (1999). Chemoprotectants: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic efficiency. Drugs 57: 293-308.

Liu, F. M., Li, Z. X., Shi, S. (1998). Effect of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on cultured rat heart cells and on cAMP level and adenylate cyclase in myocardium. Chung- kuo-yao-li-Hsueh-Pao. 9: 539-542.

Livesey, J. C., Reed, D. J. (1987). Chemical protection against ionizing radiation. Adv. Radiation Res, 13: 285-353.

Lloyd, D. R., Philips, D. H. (1999). Oxidative DNA damage mediated by Copper (II), Iron (II) and Nickel (II) Fenton reaction: evidence for site-specific mechanisms in the formation of double strand breaks, 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and putative intrastrand crosslink. Mutat. Res. 424: 23-36.

Long, B. H., Musial, S, T., Brattain, M. G. (1984). Comparison of cytotoxicity and DNA breakage activity of congeners of podophyllotoxin including VP16-213 and VM26; a quantitative structure-activity relationship. Biochemistry. 23:1183-1188.

Lu, R. (1992). Sea buckthorn-A multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains, ICIMOD Occasional Paper No. 20. Katmandu, Nepal, p-62.

Lu, R. (1993). The chemical composition of Hippophae fruits in China. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoids L.), Barnaul, Russia

Luginov, A. S., Mironov, V. A., Amirov, N. S. H., Aruin, L. I., Vasilev, G. S. (1983). Effect of preparation from Hippophae berries on the healing of experimental stomach ulcers. Patot- Fiziol-Eksp-Ter. 6: 67-70.

MacVittie, T. J., Weiss, J. F., Browne, D, (1996). Advances in the treatment of radiation injuries. Oxford: Pergamon.

Mahoney, J. R., Graf, E. (1986), Role of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, citric acid and EDTA as oxidants in model systems. J. Food Sci. 51:1293-1296.

Maisin, J. R. (1998). Chemical radioprotection: past, present and future prospects, Int. J. RadiationBiol, 73: 443-450,

-240-

Maneesh, M, Jayalekshmi, H. (2006). Role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants on pathophysiology of male reproduction, Ind. J. Clin. Biochem. 21: 80-89.

Mani, M. S. (1962). Introduction to high altitude entomology. London; Mehhen and Co, p-304.

Mani, M, S, (1973). Fundamentals of high altitude biology. Oxford and IBH Publishin Co. India, pp 1-79,

Martin, R. F., Anderson, R. F. (1999). Pulse radiolysis studies indicate that electron transfer is involved in radioprotection by Hoechst 33342 and methylproamine. int. J, Radiation Oncol. Biol. Phys. 42: 827-831.

Martin, R. P., Broadhurst, S., D'Abrew, S., Budd, R,, Sephton, R., Reum, M„ Kelly, D, P. (1996),Radioprotection by DNA ligands. British J. Cancer SuppI, 27: S99-101.

Maslova, L. V., Kondratev, B, I., Maslov, L. N., Lishrnanov, I. B. (1994). The cardioprotective and antiadrenergic activity of an extract of Rhocliola rosea in stress, Eksp, Klin. Farmakol, 57: 61-63,

Matsko, C, M,, Hunter, 0, C,, Rabinowich, H,, Lotze, M, T,, Amoscato, A. A. (2001). Mitochondrial lipid alterations during Fas- and radiation-induced apoptosis. Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 287:1112-1120,

Matsubara, J., Tajima, Y,, Karasawa, M, (1987), Metailothionine induction as a potent means of radiation protection in mice. Radiation Res. 120: 442-455,

Maurya, D. K., Saivi, V, P,, Krishnan Nair, C, K, (2004), Radioprotection of normal tissues intumor-bearing mice by troxerutln, J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 45:221-228.

Maurya, D. K., Salvi, V. P,, Nair, C. K. (2005)Radiation protection of DNA by ferulic acid under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 280: 209-217.

May, J, M, (1999), Is ascorbic acid an antioxidant for the plasma membrane? FASEB J. 13: 995- 1006,

May, J, M., Qu, Z. C,, Cobb, C. E. (2000). Extracellular reduction of the ascorabte free radical by human erythrocytes. Biochem, Biophys, Res, Commun, 267:118-123.

May, J, M,, Qu, Z. C. (1999), Ascorbate-dependent electron transfer across the human erythrocyte membrane, Biochim, Biophys, Acta 1421:19-31.

May, J, M,, Qu, Z, C,, Morrow, J. D., Cobb, C. E, (2000), Ascorabte-dependent protection of human erythrocytes against oxidant stress generated by extracellular diazobenzene sulfonate, Biochem, Pharmacol, 60: 47-53,

Me Donough, J, H., Mele, P, C,, Franz, C, G, (1992) Comparison of behavioural and radioprotective effects of WR-2721 and WR-3689. pharmacol. Biochem, Behav. 42: 33-243,

McCord, J. M. (2000). The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress. Am. J. Med. 108: 652- 659.

McCord, J. M,, Fridovich, I. (1970), The utility of Superoxide dismutase in studying free radical reactions II, The mechanism of the mediation of cytochrome c reduction by variety of electron carriers, J, Biol, Chem, 245:1374-1377.

Mell, C. D, (1938), Dyes, tannins, perfumes, and medicines from Rhodlola rosea. Textile Colorist, 60: 483-484,

Meloun, M,, Mllitky, M,, Forina, M. (1992). Chemometircs in Analytical Chemistry, Ellis Honwood, New York.

-241 -

Metller, F. A., Voclz, G. L. (2002). Current concepts: major radiation exposure: what to expect and how to respond, N. Engl. J. Med. 346:1554-1661.

Mettler, F. A., Guskova, A. K. (2001). Treatment of acute radiation siclcness. In: Gusev, I. A., Guskova, A. K., Mettler, F. A., (eds.) Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, 2nd Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 53-67.

Middleton, E. J,, Kandaswami, C., Theoharides, T. C. (2000). The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52: 673-751.

Miko, S,, Yanai, T., Hasegawa, H., Akata, N., Kanaiwa-Kudo, S., Matsumoto, N. Y, Otsu, H, Sato F. (1998). Concentration of metallothionine in mice livers after small dose of irradiation. J. Radiation Res. 39: 239-242.

Miller, J. C., Miller, J. N. (1988). Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, E. Horwood, New York.

Milosevic, Z., Kljajic, R., Horsic, E., Hasanbasic, D., Herceg, Z. (1988). Clinical and Pathomorphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract in swine after irradiation with high X-ray doses. Radiation Protection: Advances in Yugoslavia and Italy, Proceedings of the Italian-Yugoslav Symposium, Udine, Italy, ENEA, pp. 119-123.

Minlotti, G., Aust, S. D. (1987). The requirement of iron (III) in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron (II) and hydrogen peroxide. J, Biol. Chem. 262: 1098-1104.

Molteni, A., Moulder, J. E., Cohen, E. F., Ward, W. F., Fish, B. L., Taylor, J. M„ Wolfe, L. F„ Molteni, L. B., Veno, P. (2000). Control of radiation induced pneumopathy and lung fibrosis by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 76: 523-532.

Morel, I., Lescoat, G., Gogrel, P., Sergent, 0., Pasdeloup, N., Brissot, P., Cillard, P., Cillard, J. (1993). Antioxidant and iron-chelating activities of the flavonoids catechin, quercetin, and diosmetin on iron loaded rat hepatocyte cultures. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7:13-19.

Morin, D., Barthelemy, S., Zini, R., Labidalle, S., Tillement, J. P. (2001). Curcumin induces the mitochondrial permeability transition pore mediated by membrane protein thiol oxidation. FEBS Lett. 495:131-136.

Morrow, J. D., Awad, J. A., Kato, T. (1992). Formation of novel non-cyclooxygenase derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity: An animal model of lipid peroxidation. J. Clin. Invest. 90: 2502-2507.

Morrow, J. D., Minton, T. A., Mukundan, C. R, (1994). Free radical-induced generation of isoprostanes in vivo. Evidence for the formation of D-ring and E-ring isoprostanes. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 4317-4326.

Morrow, J. D., Roberts, L. J. (1996). The isoprostanes: Current knowledge and directions for future research. Biochem. Pharmacol. 51:1-9.

Moulder, J. E, Fish, B. L., Cohen, E. F. (1998a). Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in treatment and prevention of radiation nephropathy. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 73: 415-421,

Moulder, J. E, Fish, B. L., Cohen, E. F. (1998b). Brief pharmacological intervention in experimental radiation nephropathy. Radiat Res 150: 535-541.

Moulder, J, E., Fish, B. L., Cohen, E. P. (1998c). Radiation nephropathy is treatable with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin II type I (ATI) receptor antagonist. Radiother. Oncol. 46: 307-315.

-242-

Murray, D., Altschuler, E. M„ Hunter, N., Milas, L. (1989). Protection by WR-3689 against gamma-ray-induced intestinal damage: comparative effect on clonogenic cell survival, mouse survival, and DNA damage. Radiat Res, 120: 339-351.

Murrell, G. A., Francis, M. J., Bromley, L, (1990). Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals. Biochem. J. 265: 659-665.

Naderi, G. A., Asgary, S,, Zadegan, N, S., Oroojy, H., Afshin-Nia, F. (2004). Antioxidant activity of three extracts of Moms nigra. Phytother Res 18: 365-369.

Nair, A. G. R., Gunasegaran, R., Joshi, B. S. (1982). Chemical investigation of certain south Indian Plants. Ind. J. Chem. 218: 216.

Nair, C. K. K., Parida, D. K., Nomura, T. (2001). Radioprotectors in Radiotherapy. J. Radiation Res. 42: 21-37.

Nair, 0. K., Devi, P. U., Shimanskaya, R., Kunugita, N,, Murase, H., Gu, Y. H., Kagiya, T. V. (2003). Water soluble vitamin E (TMG) as a radioprotector. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 41:1365- 1371.

Nair, C. K., Saivi, V., Kagiya, T. V., Rajagopalan, R. (2004), Relevance of radioprotectors in radiotherapy; studies with tocopherol monoglucoside. J, Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 23: 153-160.

Nakagawa, K., Kawagoe, M., Yoshimura, M., Arata, H., Minamikawa, T., Nakamura, M.. and Matsunmoto, A. (2000). Differential effects of flavonoid quercetin on oxidative damages induced by hydrophilic and lipophilic radical generators in hepatic lysosomal fractions of mice. J. Health Sci. 46: 509-512.

Nakazawa, T. (1960). Radiation - induced lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability in liposomes . Int. J. Radiation Biol. 38: 537-544.

Narr, H. (1993). Phytochemical and Pharmacological investigation of the adaptogens: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ocimum sanctum, Codonopsis pilosula, Rhodiola crenulata. Doctoral Dissertation, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maxmillans University; Munchen, Munchen, Germany.

Nelson, S. K., Bose, S. K., McCord, J. M. (1994). The toxicity of high-dose superoxide dismutase suggests that superoxide can both initiate and terminate lipid peroxidation in the reperfused heart. Free Radic Biol Med. 16:195-200.

Neta, R. (1997). Insights into the mechanisms of radiation damage and radioprotection through their modulation by cytokines. Environ. Health Perspect. 105(Suppl 6): 1463-1465.

Neta, R., Oppenheim, J, J (1988), Cytokines in therapy of radiation-injury. Blood 72:1093-1095.

New, R. R. 0. (1990). Liposomes - A Practical Approach. Rickwood, D., Hames, B. D. (eds.) IRL Press, Oxford, UK.

Nikitin, V, A., Chistiakow, A. A„ Bugaewa, V. (1989). Therapeutic endoscopy in combined therapy of gastroducodinal ulcers. Khiruginia-mosk. 4: 33-35,

Nikulin, A. A., lakusheva, E. N., Zakharova, N. M. (1992). A comparative pharmacological evaluation of Sea Buckthorn, rose and plantain oil in experimental eye burn, Eksp. Klin, Farmakoi, 55: 664-666,

Noda, Y., Me. Geer, P, L., Me. Geer, E. G., Comporti, M. (1993). Lipid peroxidation: Biopathological significance. Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 14:199-207,

Norr, H,, Wagner, H, (1992). New constituents from Ocimum sanctum. Planta Med, 58: 574.

-243-

Nourooz-Zadeh, J,, Gopaul, N. K., Barrow, A., Mallet, A. I., Anggard, E. E. (1995). Analysis of Fj- isoprostanes as indicators of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in vivo by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Development of solid-phase extraction procedure. J. Chromatogr. A; B667; 199-208.

Novelo, M., Cruz, J. G., Hernandez, L., Pereda-Miranda, R., Chai, H., Mar, W., Pezzuto, J. M. (1993). Cytotoxic constituents from Hyptis verticiilata, J. Nat. Prod. 56:1728-1736.

Ohsugi, M., Fan, W., Hase, K. (1999). Active oxygen scavenging activity of traditional nourishing tonic medicines and active constituents of Rhodiola sacra. J. Ethnopharmacol. 67:111-119.

Ohwi, J. (1984). Flora of Japan, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. p. 495.

Ojeda, F., Diehl, H. A., Folch, H. (1994). Radiation induced membrane changes and programmed cell death: possible interrelationships. Scanning Microscopy 8: 645-651.

Okuda, T., Yaoshida, T., Hatano, T. (1992). Pharmacologically active tannins isolated from medicinal plants. Basic Life Sci. 59: 539-569.

Osaki, S,, Johnson, D. A., Frieden, E. (1966). The significance of the ferrous oxidase activity of Ceruloplasmin in normal human serum. J. Biol. Chem. 241: 2746-2751.

Oyaizu, M. (1986). Antioxidative activity of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin layer chromatography. Nippon ShoKuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 35: 771- 775.

Patt, H.M., Tyree, E.B., Straube, R.L., Smith, D.E. (1949). Cysteine protection against x- irradiation. Sci. 110: 213-214.

Peterson, M., Alferman, A. W. (2001). The production of cytotoxic lignans by plant cell cultures. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 55:135-142.

Piruat, J, I., Lopez-Barneo, J. (2005). Oxygen tension regulates mitochondrial DNA-encoded complex I gene expression J. Biol. Chem. 280: 42676-42684.

Prakash, H., Bala, M., All, A., Goel, H. C. (2005). Modification of gamma radiation induced response of peritoneal macophages and spienocytes by Hippophae rhamnoides (RH-3) in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 57:1065-1072.

Prasad, K. N. (1995). Modification of Cellular Radiation Damage. In: Handbook of Radiobiology. 2"'‘ Ed. New York: CRC Press, pp.61-89.

Prasad, K. N. (1999). Handbook of Radiobiology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. P-344.

Pryor, W, A., Tang, R. H. (1989), Ethylene formation from methanol. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun, 81:498-503,

Pugh, N. I,, Khan, I,, Moraes, R, M,, Pasco, D, (2001). Podophyllotoxin lignans enhance IL-1E but suppress TNF-a mRNA expression in LPS-treated monocytes. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol, 23: 83-95.

Qi, Y. L., Liao, F., Zhao, C. Q., Lin, Y. D., Zuo, M. X. (2005). Cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and mitotic arrest by a novel podophyllotoxin glucoside, 4DPG, in tumor cells, Acta Pharmacol Sin. 26:1000-1008.

Raju, S. V, Y., Barouch, L. A., Hare, J. M. (2005). Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in Cardiovascular Ageing. Sci. Aging Knowl, Environ. 21: RE. 4.

Rao-Mohandras, K. G., Rao, M, S,, Karanth, S., Rao, G. M. (1999), Effect of plant extract Centella asiatica (Linn.) on rat CNS- a functional and morphological correlation. Indian J. Pharmacol.31:56.

-244-

Rastogi, R, P., Mehrotra, B. N. (1991), Compendiuin of Indian Medicinal Plants, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) and Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; vol. 3: 420.

Rastogi, R. P., Mehrotra, B, N. (1995). Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) and Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; vol. 4: 930.

Rayleigh, J. A., Kremers, W., Gaboury B. (1977). Dose-rate and oxygen effects in models of lipid membranes: linoleic acid. Intl. Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine. 31:203-213.

Real, A., Guenechea, G., Bueren, J. A., Maganto, G. (1992). Radioprotection mediated by the hemopoietic stimulation conferred by AMS: a protein-associated polysaccharide. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 62: 65-72.

Redford, I. R. (1985). The level of induced DNA double strand breaks correlates with cell killing after X-irradiation, Int. J. Radiation Biol. 48: 45-54.

Rege, N. N. (1999). Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicines. Phytother Res. 13: 275-291.

Rice Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J., Pananga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radio. Biol. Med, 20: 93-96,

Riehl, T,, Cohen, S,, Tessner, T., Scholemann, S., Stenson, W. S. (2000). Lipopolysaccharide is radioprotective in mouse intestine through a prostaglandin mediated mechanism. Gastroenterology 118:1106-1111.

Rios, J. L., Giner, R. M., Prieto, J. M. (2002). New findings on the bioactivity of lignans. Studies in Nat. Prod. 26 (Part G): 183-292.

Romieu, A., Gasparutto, D., Cadet, J. (1999). Synthesis and characterization of oligonucleotides containing 5',8-cyclopurine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides: (5'R)-5',B-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine, (5'S)-5',6-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine, and (5'R)-5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine.Chem, Res, Toxicol, 12: 412-421,

Ross, I. A, (2001). Medicinal Plants of the World: Chemical Constituents, Traditional and Modern Medicinal Uses. Humana Press,

Rubbo, H,, Darley-Usmar, V,, Freeman, B, A, (1996), Nitric oxide regulation of tissue free radical injury, Chem, Res, Toxicol. 9: 809-820.

Ruch, R. J., Cheng, S. J., Klainig, J. E. (1989). Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogen., 10:1003-1008,

Russel, N,, Pessell, E,, Staler, C., Haynes, A., Das Gupta, E., Byrne, J, (2000). Allogenic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma or plasma cell leukemia using fractionated total-body radiation and high dose of melphalan conditioning. Acta Oncol. 39: 837-841.

Salikhova, R. A., Aleksandrova, I. V., Mazwik, V. K., Mikhailov, V. F., Ushenkova, L. N., Poroshenko, G. G. (1997), Effect of Rhodiola rosea on the yield of mutation alterations and DNA repair in bone marrow cells. Patol. Fiziol. Eksp, Ter, 4: 22-24.

Salin, C. A,, Samanta, N., Goel, H, C, (2001), Protection of mouse jejunum against lethal irradiation by Podop/7y//t//77/7exancfnm Phytomed. 8: 413-422.

Samarth, R, M., Goyal, P. K., Kumar, A. (2001). Modulatory effect of Mentha piperita (Linn.) on serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 39: 479-482.

-245-

Samarth, R, M, Goyal, P. K., Kumar, A. (2002a). Modulation of serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita Linn. Phytotherapy Res. 16: 586-589.

Samarth, R, M., Kumar, A. (2003). Mentha piperita (Linn.) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 41: 229-237.

Samarth, R. M,, Saini, M. R., Maharwal, J., Dhaka, A., Kumar, A. (2002b). Mentha piperita (Linn.) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced alterations in intestinal mucosal of Swiss albino mice. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 40: 1245-1249.

Sambrook, K. J., Frisch, E. F., Maniatis, T. flOSg). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2"'' Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Pres, New York.

Samuni, A. M., Barenholz Y., Cronmelin, D. J. A., Zuidam, N. J. (1997). y-radiation damage to liposomes differing in composition and their protection by nitroxides. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 23: 972-979.

Sandberg, F., Corrigan, D. (2002). Natural remedies: Their Origins and Uses, University of Uppsala, Sweden, p-169.

Santoro, N., Lisi, A., Pozzi, D., Pasquali, E., Serafino, A., Grimaldi, S. (1997). Effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure on morphological and biophysical properties of human lymphoid cell line (Raji). Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1357: 281-290.

Saralidze, M. A., Kasrashvili, M. V., Tkhilava, N. G., Pavliashvill, A. T., Bakhutashvili, V, I, (2005). Plaferon LB in prevention of radiation-induced changes in lipid metabolism indices and erythrocyte deformability rate. Georgian Med News. 119: 61-64.

Saratikov, A. S., Krasnov, E. A. (1987). Adaptogenic properties of Rhodiola rosea, in: Saratikov, A. S., Krasnov, E. A. (eds). Rhodiola rosea is a Valuable Medicinal Plant (golden root) Tomsk State University Press, Tomsk, Russia. 194-215.

Sareste, M. (1999). Oxidative phospholyration at the fin de siecle. Sci. 283: 1488-1492.

Sarkar, A., Pant, M. C. (1989). A comparative study of the hypoglycemic action of the seeds and fresh leaves of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Indian J. Physiol, Pharmacol. 33:197.

Satoh, M., Miura, N., Naganuma, Matsuzaki, N., Kawamura, E., Imura, N. (1989). Prevention of adverse effects of gamma ray irradiation after metallothionine induction by bismuth sub­nitrate in mice. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol, 25:1729-1731.

Satyavati, G. V,, Gupta, K, A., Tandon, N, (eds). 1987, Medicinal Plants of India, vol. II (Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi), p. 354.

Schild, I., Reinheckel, T., Wiswedel, I., Augustin, W. (1997). Short-term impairment of energy production in isolated rat liver mitochondria by hypoxia/ reoxygenation; involvement of oxidative protein modification, Biochem, J, 328: 205-210.

Schimdt-Ullrich, R. K., Dent, P., Grant, S., Mikkeisen, R. B., Valerie, K. (2000). Signal transduction and cellular responses, RadiationRes, 153: 245-257.

Seethalakshmi, B., Narasappa, A. P., Kenchveerappa, S. (1982), Protective effect of Ocimum sanctum in experimental liver injury in albino rats. Ind. J, Pharmacol. 14; 63.

Sharma, J., Sharma, R. (2002). Radioprotection of Swiss albino mouse by Centelia asiatica extract. Phytotherapy Res. 16: 785-786.

Shetty, S. Udupa, S. L., Udupa, A. L, Ullas, K., Bhaskar. (1999). Effect of Ocimum sanctum on wound healing. Indian J. Pharmacol. 31: 78-81.

-246-

Shetty, T. K., Satav, J, G., Nair, C,K. (2002). Protection of DNA and microsomal membranes in vitro by Glycyrrhiza glabra L. against gamma irradiation. Pliytother Res. 16:576-578.

Shimoi, K., iVlasuda, S., Furugori, M., Esaki, S., Kinae, N. (1994), Radioprotective effect of antioxidative plant flavonoids in y-ray irradiated mice. Carcinogenesis 15: 2669-2672.

Shobi, V., Goal, H.C. (2001). Protection against radiation-induced conditional taste aversion by centella asiatica. Physiol. Behav. 73:19-23.

Sies, H. (1985), in: Sies, II. (ed.) Oxidative Stress, (Academic Press, New York): 73,

Singh, I,, Sharma, A,, Nunia, V,, Goyal, P, K, (2005). Radioprotection of Swiss albino mice by Emblica officinalis. Phytotherapy Res. 19: 444 -446.

Singh, J. Su, L., Snow, E. T. (1996b). Replication across 06-methylguanine by human DNA polymerase beta in vitro. Insights into the futile cytotoxic repair and mutagenesis of 06- methylguanine. J, Biol, Chem. 271: 28391-28398.

Singh, J., Shah, N. C. (1994), Podophyllum: A review, Curr, Res, Med, Arom, Plants. 116: 53-83,Singh, S, P., Singh, S, K,, Tripathi, S, C, (1983), Antifungal activity of essential oils of some

Labiateae plants against dermatophytes. Indian Perfum. 27:171.

Singh, S„ Agarwal, S, S, (1991). Antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory activity of Ocimum sanctum. Int. J, Pharmacog, 29: 306,

Singh, S., Majumdar, D, K, (1999), Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil), J, Ethnopharmacol, 65:13,

Singh, S,, Majumdar, D, K,, Rehan, H, M, (1996a), Evaluation of antiinflammatory potential of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (holy basil) and its possible mechanism of action, J, Ethnopharmacol, 54:19,

Singleton, V, L,, Rossi, Jr. J. A, (1965), Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic acid- phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am, J, Enol, Viticult. 16:144-158,

Sitaram, V, (2000). Gentle drugs: A new paradigm for drug developmenmt, Curr, Sci. 78: 959- 966.

Snyder, S, L, Ekiund, S, K, (1978), Radiation induced alteration in the distribution of lysosomal hydrolases in rat spleen homogenates. Radiation Res, 75: 91-97,

Song Y., N,, Zhang, H. L, Chang, C, J,, Bollag, D, M, (1994), Cytotoxic cyclolignans from Koelreuteria henryi. J, Nat, Prod, 57:1670-1674,

Song, J, Y„ Han, S, K„ Bae, K. G„ Lin, D. S,, Son, S, J„ Jung, I, S., Yi, S, Y„ Yun, Y. S. (2003), Radioprotective effects of ginsan on immunomodulation. RadiationRes. 159: 768-744.

Song, J. Y., Yi, S, Y,, Yun, Y, S, (2001), Effects of polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng on murine hematopoiesis, Kor, J, Ginseng Sci, 25:63-67,

Spasov, A. A,, Wikman, G, K,, Mandrikov, V, B,, Mironova, I, A,, Neumoin, V. V, (2000), A double­blind, placebo-control pilot study of the stimulating and adaptogenic effect of Rhodlola rosea SHR-5 extract on the fatigue of students caused by stress during an examination period with a repeated low dose regimen, Phytomed, 7: 85-89,

Spencer, C. M,, Goa, K. L (1995), Amifostine: A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic as a radioprotector and cytotoxic chemoprotector. Drugs 50:1001-1031.

-247-

Srinivasan, V., Weiss, J. F. (1992). Radioprotection by vitamin E; injectible vitamin E administered alone or with WR-3689 enhances survival of irradiated mice. int. J. Radiation Oncol. Biol. Phys, 23: 841-845.

Srivastava, R., Shukla, Y. N., Kumar., S. (1997). Chemistry and pharmacology of Centella asiatica: a review. J. Med. Arom. Plant. Sci. 19:1049-1056.

Srour, M. A., Bitto, Y. Y., Juma, M., Irhimeh, M. R. (2000). Exposure of human erythrocytes to oxygen radicals causes loss of deformability, increased osmotic fragility, lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. Clin. Hemorheol Microcircul, 23: 13-21.

Stamler, J. S., Singel, D. J., Loscaizo, J. (1993). Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox- activated forms. Sci. 260 ;145-146.

Strnad, V., Sauer, R. (2002). Radioprotection of head and neck tissue by amifostine. Front Radiation Ther. Oncol. 37: 101-111.

Swaroop, A., Sinha, A. K., Chawla, R., Arora, R., Sharma, R. K., Kumar, J. K. (2005). Isolation and characterization of 1,3-Dicapryloyl-2-linoleoylglycerol: A Novel triglyceride from berries of Hippophae rhamnoides. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 53 : 1021-1024.

Sweeney, T. R. (1979). A Survey of Compounds from the Anti-radiation Drug Development Program of the US Army Medical Research and Development Command. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.

Szweda-Lewandowska, Z., Krokosz, A., Gonciarz, M., Zajeczkowska, W., Puchala, M, (2003). Damage to human erythrocytes by radiation-generated HO* radicals; molecular changes in erythrocyte membranes. Free Rad. Res. 37:1137-1143.

Takeda, A., Katoh, N,, Yonezawa, M. (1982). Restoration of radiation injury by ginseng III. Radioprotective effect of thermostable fraction of ginseng extract on mice, rats and guinea pigs. J. Radiation Res. 23: 150-167.

Tan, P. V., Njimi, C. K., Ayufor, J. F. (1997). Screening of some African medicinal plant ulcerogenic activity-Part I. Phytother. Res. 11: 45-47.

Tannehill, S. P., Mehta, M. P. (1996). Amifostine and radiation therapy: past, present, and future. Semin. Oncol. 23: 69-77.

Tiku, A. B., Abraham S.K., Kale, R. K. (2004). Eugenol as an in vivo radioprotective agent. Radiation Res. 45: 435-440

Tong, J., Zhang, C., Zhao, Z., Yang, Y., Tian, K. (1989). The determination of physical-chemical constants and sixteen mineral elements in sea buckthorn raw juice. Proceeding of International Symposium on Sea Buckthorn (Hippophhae rhamnoids L.), Xian, China.

Troska, J. E. (1986). Role of low-level ionizing radiation in multi-step carcinogenesis process. Health Phys. 70: 812-822.

Turai, I., Veress, K., Gunalp, B., Souchkevitch, G. (2001). Medical response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats. B. M. J. 328: 568-572.

Udintsev, S. N., Schakhov, V. P. (1991). Decrease of cyclophosphamide hematotoxicity by Rhodiola rosea root extract in mice with Ehrlich and Lewis transplantable tumours. Eur. J. Cancer. 27: 1182.

Lima Devi, P. (2001). Radioprotective, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of the Indian holy basil, Ocimum sanctum. Indian J, Exptl. Biol. 39; 185-190.

Lima Devi, P., Ganasoundari, A. (1995). Radioprotective effect of leaf extract of Indian medicinal plant 'Ocimum sanctum’. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 33; 205-209.

-248-

Uma Devi, P., Ganasoundari, A., Rao, B. S. S., Srinivasan, K. K. (1999). In vivo radioprotection by Ocimum sanctum flavonoids: survival of mice. Radiation Res. 151: 74-78.

Uma Devi, P., Ganasoundari, A., Vrinda, B., Srinivasan, K.K., Unnil<rishnan, IVI. K. (2000). Radiation protection by Ocimum sanctum flavonoids orientin and vicenin -mechanisms of action. Radiation Res. 154; 455-460.

Undeger, U., Giray, B., Zorlu, A. F., Oge, K., Bacaran, N. (2004). Protective effects of melatonin on the ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in the rat brain. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 55:379- 384.

Vainio, E. J., Korhonen, K., Hantula, J. (1998). Genetic variation in Phlebiopsis gigantean as detected with random amplified micro-satellite (RAMS) markers. Mycolog. Res. 2: 187-192,

Van Buul, P. P. W., Van Duyn-Goedhart, A., Shankaranarayanan, K, (1999). In vivo and in vitro radioprotective effects of prostaglandin E, analogue misoprostol in DNA repair-proficient and -deficient rodent cell systems. Radiation Res. 152: 398-403.

Van der Meeren, A., l\^outhon, IVI. A., Gaugler, M, H, Vandamme, IVI,, Gourmelon, P. (2002). Administration of recombinant human IL11 after supralethal radiation exposure promotes survival in mice: interactive effect with thrombopoietin. Radiation Res. 157: 642-649.

VanDuijn, M. M., Tijssen, K., Vansteveninck, J., Vanden Broek, P. J, A., Vanden Zee, J, (2000). Erythrocytes reduce extracellular ascorabte free radicals using intracellular ascorabte as an electron donar. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 27720-27725.

Venkatachalam, S. R., Chattopadhyay, S, (2005). Natural radioprotective agents: An overview. Curr. Org. Chem. 9: 389-404.

Vijayalakshmi, R. J. R., Herman, T. S., Meltz, M. L. (1996). Melatonin and radioprotection from genetic damage: in vivo/in vitro studies with human volunteers. Mutation Res, 371: 221-228,

Vordermark, D., Ruprecht, K., Rieckmann, P., Roggendorf, W., Vince, G, H., Warmuth-Metz, M,, Kolbl, 0., Flentje, M. (2006). Glioblastoma multiforme with oligodendroglial component (GBMO): favorable outcome after post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with nimustine (ACNU) and teniposide (VM26). BMC Cancer, 6:247,

Vose, J, M,, Armitage, J. 0. (1995). Clinical applications of hematopoietic growth factors, J. Clin. Oncol, 13: 1023-1035.

Vrinda, B., Uma Devi, P. (2001). Radioprotection of human lymphocyte chromosomes in vitro by orientin and vicenin, Mutat, Res. 498: 39-46.

Walter, A. H. (1994), Effects of ionizing radiation on behavior and the brain. Military Radiobiology, 321-330.

Wang, L,, Yen, J, H,, Liang, H, L., Wu, M, J. (2003). Antioxidant effect of methanol extracts from Lotus Plumule & Blossom {Nelumbo nucifera Gertn.), J. Food Drug Analysis 11: 60-66,

Wasserman, T. H, (1994). Radiotherapeutic studies with amifostine (Ethyol). Semin. Oncol. 21: 21-25.

Weiss, J, (1935). Investigation of the radical HO2 in solution. Trans Faraday Soc. 31: 668-681.

Weiss, J, F, Simic, M, G, (1988), Introduction: Perspectives in Radiation Protection. Pharmacol. Ther. 39: 1-2.

Weiss, J. F. (1997), Pharmacologic approaches to protection against radiation-induced lethality and other damage. Environ, Health Perspect. 105 (SuppI 6): 1473-1478.

-249-

Weiss, J. F„ Kumar, K.S., Walden T.L, Neta R., Landauer M.R., Clark E.P. (1990). Advances in radioprotection through the use of combined agent regimens. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 57: 709

Weiss, J. F., Landauer, M. R. (2003). Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals. Toxicol. 189: 1-20.

Woloschak, G. E., Chang-LIu, C. M. (1991). Expression of cytoskeletal elements in proliferating cells following radiation exposure. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 59: 1173-1183.

Wolters, H., van Tilburg , C. A. M., Konings , A. W. T. (1987). Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation : influence of oxygen concentration and membrane lipid composition. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 51:619-628.

Wong, S. K., Tsui, S. K., Kwan, S. Y., Su, X. I., Lin, R. C. (2000). identification andcharacterization of Podophyllum emodi by API-LC/MS/MS. J. Mass Spectro. 35: 1246-1251.

Wu, J., Yu, X.J., Ma, X., Li, X.G., Liu, D, (1994). Electrophysiologic effect of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on guinea pig papillary muscles and cultured rat myocardial cells. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao, 15: 341-343.

Xiao, M., Yang, Z., Jiu, M., You, J., Xiao, R. (1992). The antigastroulcerative action of p-cytosterol-D-glucoside and its aglycan in rats. Hua-His-l-Ko-ta-Hsueh-Hsueh-Pao. 23: 98- 101.

Xiao, Z. (1980). Chemical study on the flavonoids in Hippophae rhamnoides. Acad. J. Sichuan Med. Univ. 11: 174-176.

Xiong, Q., Fan, W., Tezuka, Y, (2000). Hepatoprotective effect of Apocynum venetum and its active constituents. Planta Med. 66: 127-133.

Yang, B. R., Kallio, H. P. (2001). Fatty acid composition of lipids In sea buckthorn {Hippophae rhamnoids L.) berries of different origins. J. Agri. Food Chem. 49: 1939-1947.

Yang, B., Kallio, H. (2002). Composition of physiological effect of Sea Buckthorn {Hippophae lipids). Trends in Food Sci. Technol.13:160-167.

Yang, J. C., Corotopassi, G. A. (1998). Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition causes release of the adaptogenic factor cytochrome c. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24: 631-642.

Yang, J. J., Lin, C. C., Hsu, H, Y. (1997). The possible use of Peh-Hue-Juwa-Chi-cao as an Antitumor agent and radioprotector after therapeutic irradiation. Phytother. Res. 11: 6-10.

Yang, J. I., Wang, L. C., Chang, C. Y., Liu, T. Y. (1999). Singlet oxygen is the major species participating in the induction of DNA strand breakage and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine adduct by lead acetate. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 33: 194-201.

Yen, G. C., Duh, P. D. (1995). Scavenging effects of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls on free radical and active oxygen species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42: 629-632.

Yonezawa, M., Katoh, N., Takeda, A. (1985). Restoration of radiation injury by ginseng. iV. Stimulation of recoveries in CFU and megakaryocyte counts related to the prevention of occult blood appearance in X-lrradiated mice. J. Radiation Res. 26: 436-442.

Yonezawa, M., Takeda, A., Katoh, N. (1981). Restoration of radiation injury by ginseng. II. Some properties of the radioprotective substances. J. Radiation Res. 22: 336-343.

Yu, B. P. (1994). Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol. Rev. 74:139-62.

-250-

Yuhas, J. M., Philips, T. L. (1982). Pharmacokinetics and meclianisms of action of WR-2721 and otiier protective agents. In: Radioprotector and Anticarcinogenesis. New York: Academic Press, pp. 639-653.

Yukawa, 0., Miyahara, N., Shiraistii, N., Nikazawa, T. (1985). Radiation induced damage to mitochondrial D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation. Int. J. Radiation Biol. 48: 107-115.

Zavala, F., Guenard, D., Robin, J. P., Brown, E. (1980). Structure-antitubulin activity relationship in steganacin congeners and analogues. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization in vitro by (+/-)- isodeoxypodophyllotoxin. J Med Chem, 23:546-549.

Zeb, A, (2004) Chemical and Nutritional constituents of Sea Buckthorn Juice. Pak, J. Nutr. 3: 99- 106.

Zhang, M. S. (1987). A control trial of flavonoids Hippophae rhamnoides L. in treating ischemic heart disease, Chung-Hua-Hsin-Hsueh-Kuan-Ping-Tsa-Chih, 15: 97-99.

Zhang, Q. Y., Jiang, M., Zhao, C. Q., Yu, iVi., Zhang, H., Ding, Y. J., Zhai, Y. G. (2005), Apoptosis induced by one new podophyllotoxin glucoside in human carcinoma ceils. Toxicology, 212; 46-53.

Zhang, Q,, Cui, H. (2005) Simultaneous determination of quercetin, kaemferol, and isorhamnetin in phytopharmaceuticals of Hippophae rhamnoides L, by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. J. Sep. Sci. 28:1171-1178.

Zhang, W., Yan, J., Duo, J., Ren, B., Guo, J. (1989) Preliminary study of biochemical constituents of berry of sea buckthorn growing in Shanxi Province and their changing trend. Proceeding of International Symposium on Sea Buckthorn (Hipppophae rhamnoids L.), Xian, China,

Zhang, Y. Marciiiant, 0. Giulivi, C. Ernster, L., Davis, K, J, A, (1990). The oxidative inactivation of mitochondrial electron transport chain components and ATPase. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 16330- 16336.

Zhao, Y„ Feng J. H., Ding, H. X., Xiong, Y., Cheng, C. H„ Hao, X. J., Zhang, Y. M., Pan, Y. J., Gueritte, F,, Wu, X. M., Bai, H„ Stockigt, J. (2006). Synthesis and cytotoxicity of racemic isodeoxypodophyllotoxin analogues with isoprene-derived side chains. J. Nat. Prod. 69:1145-1152.

Zheng, L. F., Wei, Q. Y„ Cai, Y. J„ Fang, J. G., Zhou, B., Yang, L, Liu, Z. L. (2006). DNA damage induced by resveratrol and its synthetic analogues in the presence of Cu (II) ions: mechanism and structure-activity relationship. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 41:1807-1816.

Zoratti, M., Szabo, I, (1995). The mitochondrial permeability transition. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1241: 139-176.

Zsebo, K, M., Smith, K. A., Hartley, C. A., Greenblatt, M., Cooke, W. R,, Me Niece, I. K. (1992), Radioprotection of mice by recombinant rat stem cell factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 9464-9468.

Zuidam, N. J., Lee, S. S. L., Crommelin , D. J. A. (1995). Gamma - irradiation of non - frozen , frozen and freeze-dried liposomes . Pharm, Res. 12:1761.

Zuidam, N. J., Versiuis, C., Versluis, C„ Vernooy, E, A. A. M, (1996). Gamma-irradiation of liposomes composed of saturated phospholipids. Effects of bilayer composition, size, concentration and absorbed dose on chemical degradation and physical destabilization of liposomes. Bichim. Biphy. Acta. 1280:135-148.

- 251 -