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7/30/2019 11.6 Kingdom Animalia Arthropod Echino and Mollusc
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Powerpoint@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
mailto:point@lecturemailto:point@lecture7/30/2019 11.6 Kingdom Animalia Arthropod Echino and Mollusc
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11.6.6 PHYLUM
ARTHROPODA
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At the end of this topic, students should beable to:
Describe the unique characteristics of Arthropoda.
State the classification of phylum Arthropoda: Class Crustacea (Macrobrachium)
Class Chilopoda (Scolopendra)
Class Diplopoda (Iulus)
Class Insecta (Valanga)
Class Arachnida (Nephila)
Class Merostomata (Tachypleus)
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Unique Characteristics of Phylum
Arthropoda
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic
Organ level oforganisation
Paired segmented
appendages/jointed legsin pair
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Segmented bodies
Segments are fused to form
specialised body regions ----TAGMATA
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Cephalization
Head, thorax & abdomen
Thorax is fused with the head to
form cephalothorax (crustaceans
& arachnids
Exoskeleton with chitin
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Hemocoel instead of a coelom
Body cavity filled with blood-like fluid
Role in blood circulation systemOpen blood circulation system with true heart
Have artery but no vein
Blood flow via hemocoel before return to
heart
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Reproduction
Generally reproducessexually
Separate sexes
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Nervous system consisting of:
a double cerebral ganglion
a double ventral nerve cord network of nerves
Complete digestive system
Modified mouthparts & anus
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Respiration
Gills
Trachea
Book lungs
Diffusion via skin
Gills
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Contribution of the unique characteristics
to the success of arthropoda as compared
to other animals Exoskeleton
Supports and protects the body
Barrier against desiccation Movement -- Muscle attachment
Disadvantages
Prevent continuous growth
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Segmentation & appendages
Segments of the body become
specialized to performspecialized functions
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Antagonistic striated muscles
Pairs of muscles that stretcheach other
Give ability to walk, run,
jump, swim & fly
Provide brisk movement help to find food, to
breed & run out from
predator
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Air directly to cells & tissues (tracheae),
maintenance of high metabolism
Highly developed sensory organs
Eg: compound eyes, receptors for
smell.
Allow them to be "in touch" with
surroundings.
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Reduced competition through metamorphosis
Adult eats differently than juvenile
Less interspecies competition
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Classification
Divided into 6 classes: Class Crustacea
Eg: Prawn (Macrobrachium)
Class Chilopoda
Eg: Centipede (Scolopendra)
Class Diplopoda Eg: Milipede (Iulus)
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Class Insecta
Eg: Grasshopper (Valanga)
Class Arachnida
Eg: Spider (Nephila)
Class Merostomata
Eg: Horseshoe crab (Tachypleus)
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At the end of this lecture, studentsshould be able to:
Describe unique characteristics of
Mollusca State the classification of Mollusca into
three classes:
Class Gastropoda (Achatinasp.)
Class Chephalopoda (Sepiasp.)
Class Bivalvia (Anadarasp.)
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Unique Characteristics of Phylum
Mollusca
Asymmetry
Unsegmented / head
Coelomate
Triploblastic
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Body composed of three parts :
Visceral mass
Contain most of the internal organs e.g.digestive system, excretory system,
heart
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Mantle
formed from fold of tissue/soft skin
that covers visceral organs
have gland that secretes the shell
Muscular foot
located at the ventral site of the
body
for locomotion
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Circulatory system
open / close blood circulation
consists of dorsal heart Respiratory system
gills or lung in the mantle cavity
Mouth has radula
tongue-like organ with rows of teeth
drill, scrape & cut food
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Excretory organs
Nephridia
remove metabolic waste from thehemolymph (body fluid)
Complete digestive system
anus open into mantle cavity
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Classification
Classified into 3 classes:
Class Gastropoda (Achatinasp.)
Class Chephalopoda (Sepiasp.)
Class Bivalvia (Anadarasp.)
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Describe the unique characteristic ofEchinodermata.
State classification of Echinodermata into 5
calsses :
Class Asteroidea (Starfisg - Asteriassp.)
Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumber -
Holothuriasp.)
Class Crinoidea (Featherstar)
Class Echinoidea (Sea urchin)
Class Ophiuroidea (Brittlestar -Ophiura
sp.)
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Unique Characteristics of Phylum
Echinodermechin spiny, derma - skin
Body symmetry
Larvae
Bilateral symmetry
Adult
Radial symmetry
No body segmentation
Triploblastic
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Slow moving or sessile
Endoskeleton
Hard calcium carbonateplates and spines
Covered by thin
epidermis
Internal and external parts
radiate from centre - five
spokes.
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Tube feet
Functions
Locomotion
Feeding
Gas exchange
Water vascular system
A network of hydraulic canalsbranching into extensions calledtube feet
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Simple nervous system withoutbrain
No head
Mouth generally on lower (oral)surface of body
Anus on upper (aboral) surface.
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Sexual reproduction
Separate male and femaleindividuals
Release gametes into water.
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Classification
Class Asteroidea Eg: Starfish - Asteriassp.
Class Holothuroidea
Eg: Sea cucumber - Holothuriasp.
Class Crinoidea
Eg: Featherstar
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Class Echinoidea
Eg: Sea urchin
Class Ophiuroidea
Eg: Brittlestar -Ophiura
sp.
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Roles of Echinoderms
Star fish Feeds on corals
Secreting an enzyme that breaks
down the coral tissue.
Eg: Crown of thorns starfish
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Sea cucumber medical use
Excellent healing properties Effective for tissues repair