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June 13th, 2017
Izumi USHIYAMA Ashikaga Institute of Technology
Present Status and Future Prospect of
Wind Power Generation in Japan
.
WWEC 2017ＲＥMalmoe, Sweden
My talk will cover;
1. Japanese Wind Power Wind power potentialEffect of “Feed in Tariff”Obstacle of wind power in Japan
2. Offshore wind power in JapanFixed type Floating type
3. Future prospect of wind power in Japan4. Conclusion
2
Wind Power Capacity in the World （Cumulative） 2010-2015
GWEC – Global Wind 2015 Report
The Total 490GW at the end of 2016, now 500GW !
(Total Wind Power Capacity in Japan: 3 GW)
Introduction Trend of WTG in the World
4
Japan (19th)
India (5th)
USA (2nd)
China (1st)
Germany((3rd)
Spain (4th
Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ： GWEC, Global Wind Statistics
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14
TotalMW
Wind power mass introduction can reducefossil fuel import and help Japan
3
Japan has imported 26 billion $ of fuel[70bil.TRY ,24 bil.€]in 2013 & in 2014
Ref: GWEC/Global Wind Day http://www.globalwindday.org/
Impact of Fukushima No.1 nuclear accident in 2011 was broad and long-lasting, thus public opinion dramatically changed from “accepting-nuclear” stance to “anti-nuclear and pro-renewables”
Reactor #3
Reactor #4
Source: Daily Yomiuri
Source: Jiji Press
Public Opinion has changed in Japan
Japan has plenty of Wind Energy Resources at onshore & offshore
Available Energy;
Onshore: 210GWFixed offshore: 156GWFloating offshore:
300GWTotal: 666GW
Conditions;
Average wind speedat 80m height:
Onshore: 6.0m/s >Fixed offshore: 7.0m/s >Floating offshore: 7.5m/s >
Capacity/area conversion at 10,000 kW/1km2
Considering particular social conditions
Japan has plenty wind energy potential by each power company
Japanese Government introduced attractive FIT price for renewables since July 2012.- The tariff are without tax, and keep for 20 years.
- The tariff are re-assessed every year based on the latest market prices.
- The tariff are qualified just before grid connection approval (almost finishing
4 years EIA process for wind farm. On the other hand, solar power is EIA free.)
- 22 JPY/kWh for wind power is attractive, but unfortunately,
40-36 JPY/kWh for solar power were more attractive for investors in past days.
FY2012July-Mar.2013
FY2013Apr.-Mar.2014
FY2014Apr.-Mar.2015
FY2015Apr.-June
FY2015July-Mar.2016
Wind Power(onshore:
≧20kW)
22 JPY/kWh[ 0.48 TRY/kWh ]
[ 0.17 EUR/kWh ]
Wind Power(offshore)
Had not offered. 36 JPY/kWh[ 0.78 TRY/kWh ]
[ 0.28 EUR/kWh ]
Solar Power(large scale:
≧10kW)
40JPY/kWh[ 0.87 TRY/kWh]
[ 0.31 EUR/kWh]
36JPY/kWh[ 0.78 TRY/kWh]
[ 0.29 EUR/kWh]
32JPY/kWh[ 0.69 TRY/kWh]
[ 0.25 EUR/kWh]
29JPY/kWh[ 0.63 TRY/kWh]
[ 0.22 EUR/kWh]
27JPY/kWh[ 0.59 TRY/kWh]
[ 0.21 EUR/kWh]
Solar power in Japan burst in 2013 & 2014
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Fiscal year (April – March)
Solar Power
Accumulated at the end of March 2015:17.66 GW
New installation for FY2014:
8.55 GW/year
The total FIT approvedprojects now:
68 GW( 27 GW of them were requested only in Feb&Mar 2014 )
10MW
But, Wind Power in Japan is still low level.(About 1/40 of Solar power industry)
Latest wind Power Statistics in Japan (at the end of Mar. 2015)- Total installed wind power : 2,922MW, 2,031 units ← 77% of Turkish 3,763MW - New wind installed FY2014 : 215 MW / year, 97 units←1/4 of Turkish 804MW/year- Total electric output from wind : 4500 GWh / year- Wind generation share of national electric demand : 0.5 %
Assumed from JWPA’s data
Japan could not achieve the past target 3GW by 2010.
×
Subsidies terminated
FIT starts
Lack of Incentive
Delay byAssessment
Obstacles against Wind Power in Japan.
Root Problem- Inconsistent Policy for Renewable Energies by Japanese Government- Some people still want nuclear power, others loves solar power than wind power.Short Term- Cumbersome Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures.
This was applied for all wind farm over 10MW since Oct. 2012.It needs about 4 years and millions of euros to complete this EIA process.
- Japanese government admits this problem and starts improving.- 88 projects of 5.2 GW are in the EIA process now.
Most of them are locates in northern rural area of Japan, Hokkaido & Tohoku.Middle Term- Grid restriction caused by old-fashioned electric power operating systems.
Japanese electric power system is dominated by 9 regional utilities.They dominate from power generation, transmission & distribution at each region.
- They dislike to send electricity inter-regionally. It narrows wind power introduction in Japan in past days.
- Japanese government intends to achieve unbundling Japanese electric power, so called “Electric power system reform”.
Bottleneck between Wind Resources and Electricity Demand in Japan
• Grid lines in Japan are divided into 9 regions and Okinawa.
Eastern 3 regions are 50Hz and western 6 regions are 60Hz.
• Each region has its own utility tasked with
preserving the demand/supply balance.
• With the increase of wind generation in
appropriate areas, issues arise in terms
of facilities and rules when considering
transmission to far away demand locations.
Kansai
Electric Power
Chubu
ElectricPower
Chugoku
ElectricPower
Shikoku
ElectricPower
Kyushu
ElectricPower
Tokyo
Electric Power
Tohoku
Electric Power
Hokkaido
Electric Power
16.7GW
5.6GW
Hokuriku
ElectricPower
Source : FEPC, Ministry of the Environment
Good for Wind Power
Generation
MajorDemand Area
Utility(Electric Company)
Maximum Demand
Available Onshore Wind Energy
Hokkaido 5.6GW 140GW
Tohoku 15GW 73GW
Tokyo 64GW 4GW
Chubu 28GW 8GW
Hokuriku 5.6GW 5GW
Kansai 33GW 13GW
Shikoku 5.9GW 5GW
Chugoku 12GW 9GW
Kyushu 17GW 21GW
140GW
73GW
4GW
5GW
8GW13GW
9GW
5GW
21GW
Available Wind Energy
Capacity of transmission lines between supply and demand regions is insufficient.
High volume transmission lines do not match wind power specs.
13
Okinawa
ElectricPower 2GW
50Hz
60Hz
EAST50Hz
WEST60Hz
The Way to Improve Situation
Improve Power Grid Operationn Inter-regional grid operation for wind power aggregation
n Build new local grid lines at northern rural area
n Enlarge inter-regional grid line between Hokkaido and Aomori (“Kita-Honn transmission line”)
n Sophisticated wind power output prediction systemn Power storage system (pumped hydro, batteries)
n Demand side management system
n Retrofit fossil power plants for ancillary service
Improve Wind Farm Operationn Wind farm output park controln Reduce output fluctuation using battery system
14
Japanese METI started 50% funding for building new grid lines for wind power in 2013
Northern Hokkaido: 0.29GW→3.935GWBy 290 billion JPY, from 2013
Tohoku, Akita and Aomori:1.94GW→2.22GWBy 20 billion JPY, from 2014
Ref:METI
15
Wind turbines by Japanese companies
Japan Steel Work (JSW)’sNew J100/2.7 Gearless
PMSG wind tubine
Hitachi’s Downwind type 5MW wind turbine (will applied for
Kashima offshore PJ)
MHI’s New HydraulicDrive wind turbine
Industrial Effect by Installation & Manufacturing
n There are many wind power associated companies in Japan.
17
Total Domestic Production of WTG Industries in Japan
Componentsetc. Wind Turbines
Tota
l Dom
estic
Pro
duct
ion
(mill
ion
JPY)
FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012
Mic
ro W
TG
Smal
l W
TG
Mid
dle
WTG
Larg
e W
TG
Bla
de
Bla
de m
ater
ial
Driv
e tr
ain
Con
trol
ler,
Con
vert
er
Mai
n be
arin
g
Gen
erat
or
Yaw
, Pitc
h, H
ydra
ulic
Tow
er
Flan
ge, N
acel
le b
ase
Oth
er p
arts
Subs
tatio
n, G
rid d
evic
e
Oth
er m
achi
nerie
s
Oth
er e
lect
ric d
evic
es etc.
Trends from FY2009 to FY2012
Detail Research Results in FY2012
32 bil.
72 bil.
Total104 billion JPY
Tota
l Dom
estic
Pro
duct
ion
(mill
ion
JPY)
18
Total251 billion JPY
95 bil.
156 bil.
Onshore, Fixed offshore, Floating offshore
n Onshore wind leads at early years. But, onshore capacity shall be limited by high population density in Japan.
n Japan has world 6th largest EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone). Therefore, offshore wind has large potential.
n Floating offshore shall be applied for deep sea area.
n Onshore 50%, Fixed offshore 25%, Floating offshore 25%
19
OnshoreFixed
OffshoreFloatingOffshore
Hibikinada2013JSW 2MW
Goto2012 FHI 100kW2013 Hitachi 2MW
（Floating）
Choshi2013MHI 2.4MW
Fukushima2013 Hitachi 2MW, Floating Power Station2014 MHI 7MW2015 MHI 7MW
（Floating）
National R&D Projects (Offshore Wind)
Why Offshore Wind for Japan? n Japan has high population density : 336 people/km2
Ref: Netherland 339, Germany 230, Danmark 127, USA 33
n About 70% of Japan is “mountainous”.
→ Plains are occupied by housings.→ Onland WTGs may cause NIMBY problem.
→ Japan has the world 6th largest EEZ.
（exclusive economic zone）.
n Wind resources in Japan locate at northern parts.
→ Very far from population center, lacking grid lines→ Offshore near Tokyo,Nagoya,Fukuoka go attractive.
n Japan needs “New Business & Industry”
→ Offshore wind development has large influence.For Exam.: Shipbuilding, Marine Construction, Steel, etc.
Source; Fukushima offshore wind consortium
2013 2013 2015 2015
Hitachi 2MWMitsui semi-sub
MHI 7MWMHI semi-sub
7MWJMU Spar
HitachiJMU Spar
Fukushima floating WT project (Overview)
Project Consortium:11 members Marubeni (Project integrator)
MHIUniversity of Tokyo
Mitsubishi Corp.IHI Marine United
MES Nippon Steel
HitachiFurukawa Electric
Shimizu Corp. Mizuho Information & Research
METI’s Fukushima Recovery, Experimental Offshore Floating Wind Farm Project
25 June : Press conference at Dockyardof Mitsui Engineering & ShipbuildingCo. at Ichihara, Chiba Pref.
28 June – 1 July : It cruises from Ichihara to Onahamaport at Fukushima Pref.
11 Nov. : in operation
Ref: Nikkei Business
2MW WTG on 4 Column semi-sub Floater in 2013
Ref: Fulushima FORWARD PJ
Hitachi’sDown wind type
2MW wind turbine
World First Floating Type Substation（Transformer; Hitachi, Floater; JMU)
End of July 2013 : Launched at Dockyard of Japan Marine United Co. at Yokohama, Kanagawa Pref.
It cruises directly from Yokohama to Onahama port at Fukushima Pref.
November: in operation
出典: Fulushima FORWARD PJ
Floating Type Offshore WT HITACHI 5MWRotor Dia.126m at Fukushima Dia.126m
7MW WTG on 3 Column semi-sub Floater in 2015
Ref: Fukushima FORWARD
Cruising from MHI NagasakiDockyard on 30 Oct. 2014.
Start tower installation at Onahamaport in Fukushima in Mar. 2015.
Ｗｏｒｌｄ Ｂｉｇｇｅｓｔ Ｃｌａｓｓ 7MＷ WTG on 3 Column Floater in 2015（Mitsubishi Heavy Industry）
Roadmap for the Wind Power Introductionfor Japan, estimated by the JWPA
n Wind power shall supply 20% of Japanese electricity by FY2050.
n Accumulated installed capacity：11GW by 2020, 36GW by 2030, 75GW by 2050.
n About half of them shall be offshore wind power including floating type.
-
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
2034
2036
2038
2040
2042
2044
2046
2048
2050
累積導入量[万ｋＷ]
風力発電導入ロードマップ：ビジョン
浮体式風力
着床式風力
陸上風力
実績
Roadmap for the introduction of wind power
Floating offshore
Fixedoffshore
FY205075GW
19GW
18GW
38GW
FY203036GW
4GW
6GW
27GW
FY202011GW
0.1GW0.6GW
10. GW
FY20132.7GW
0.004GW0.046GW
2.6GW
Electricity supply by wind power : 0.5% → 2% → 9% → 20% 28
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CONCLUSION
n Japan was not so eager to wind power development in past days.
n Because there are many hurdles against wind power
development in Japan.Such as, grid restriction, severe EIA etc.
n Japan has changed to pro-wind action after
Fukushima nuclear power plant accident.Offshore wind is one of the key technologies.
n We are trying to remove these hurdles now.
But, it needs more a couple of years to realize.n Future offshore wind power development in Japan has
enormous potential.
29
Thank you for your
kind attention
