1.2 Appearances can be deceiving- EQ: What is Chemistry? 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Introduction

1.2 1.2 Appearances can be deceiving-Appearances can be deceiving-

EQ: What is Chemistry?EQ: What is Chemistry?

1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 1Introduction to Chemistry

1.1 The Scope of Chemistry

1.2 Chemistry and You

1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist1.4 Problem Solving in Chemistry




CHEMISTRY & YOUCHEMISTRY & YOU

How is chemistry used to study worlds other than your own?Scientists who know chemistry have used the Hubble Space Telescope to discover water and compounds containing carbon on a planet located 63 light years from Earth.




Why Study Chemistry?Why Study Chemistry?

Why Study Chemistry?

What are three general reasons to study chemistry?





Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.





Explaining the Natural WorldChemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work.





Explaining the Natural World

• why cut apples turn brown upon exposure to air.

Chemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work. For example, chemistry can explain:







• why the texture of eggs changes from runny to firm as eggs are boiled.









• why water expands as it freezes.










• why sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water.










• why sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water.

• why yeast makes bread dough rise.






Preparing for a Career

Chemists contribute to society in many ways. You do not need to have the word chemist in your job title to benefit from understanding chemistry.







• A reporter may be asked to interview a chemist to gather background for a story.







• Turf managers have the important task of keeping the grass on golf courses, lawns, and soccer fields healthy.






Chemists contribute to society in many ways. You do not need to have the word chemist in your job title to benefit from understanding chemistry.• A firefighter must

know which chemicals to use to fight different types of fires.





Being an Informed Citizen

• Space exploration research could not take place without federal funding.

• NASA research has led to the development of many items used on Earth. These include smoke detectors, scratch-resistant plastic lenses, heart monitors, and flat-screen televisions.

• What if all the money spent on space exploration was used to find a cure for cancer?

Industry, private foundations, and the federal and state government all provide funds for scientific research.






• You may vote directly on some issues through ballot initiatives or indirectly through the officials you elect.

You will need to make choices that will influence the direction of scientific research.






When it comes to scientific research, there is no one correct answer.

• However, knowledge of chemistry and other sciences can help you evaluate the data presented, arrive at an informed opinion, and take appropriate action.




Which of the following careers would require some understanding of chemistry?

A. chef

B. doctor

C. farmer

D. all of the above




Which of the following careers would require some understanding of chemistry?

A. chef

B. doctor

C. farmer

D. all of the above




Chemistry, Technology, and SocietyChemistry, Technology, and Society

Chemistry, Technology, and Society

What are some outcomes of modern research in chemistry?




Many basic items you use every day, such as the sneakers you wear or the cereal you eat, are products of technology.





Many basic items you use every day, such as the sneakers you wear or the cereal you eat, are products of technology.


• Technology is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired.




Modern research in chemistry can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, conserve and produce energy, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.





Materials and the Environment

Chemists don’t just study matter—they also use what they know about the structure and properties of matter to make new materials with different or improved properties.





Materials and the Environment

Chemists don’t just study matter—they also use what they know about the structure and properties of matter to make new materials with different or improved properties.

• For example, chemistry has played a large role in developing plastics for different uses.





Interpret GraphsInterpret Graphs

Note: The amount of plastics packaging in U.S. waste includes plastics packaging that is to be recycled.

Although plastics are a part of most of our daily lives, there is concern that their use is taking a toll on the environment and on natural resources.

Year

15,000

12,500

10,000

7500

5000

2500

0

Was

te p

rod

uce

d

(th

ou

san

ds

of

ton

s)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007




Most plastics are made using petrochemicals, which are chemical products derived from petroleum.


• The supply of petrochemicals is limited.




Most plastics are made using petrochemicals, which are chemical products derived from petroleum.

• The supply of petrochemicals is limited.

• There has been demand for plastics that are better for the environment, such as the bioplastic shown at right, which is made from corn.





Energy


There are only two ways to meet the rising global demand for energy—conserve it or produce more of it. Chemistry plays an essential role in both of these options.




• A knowledge of chemistry was necessary to develop the batteries that run gasoline-electric hybrid cars.


Energy





• A knowledge of chemistry was necessary to develop the batteries that run gasoline-electric hybrid cars.

• Chemists help design materials that collect energy from the sun that is then converted to electricity.


Energy





Medicine and BiotechnologyChemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients.





Medicine and BiotechnologyChemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients.• Chemistry can also develop materials to

repair or replace body parts.

• Diseased arteries can be replaced with plastic tubes.

• Artificial hips and knees made from metals and plastics can replace worn-out joints.





• Biotechnology applies science to the production of biological products or processes.

• It uses techniques that can alter DNA in living organisms.

• When genes from humans are inserted into bacteria, the bacteria act as factories that produce chemicals of importance to humans, such as insulin.


Medicine and Biotechnology





The UniverseTo study the universe, chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.




The UniverseTo study the universe, chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.

• This vehicle was designed to determine the chemical composition of rocks and soil on Mars.

• Data collected at the vehicle’s landing site indicated that the site was once drenched with water.






How can chemistry be used to find evidence of life on other planets?





How can chemistry be used to find evidence of life on other planets?

By analyzing light from stars, scientists can study their composition, and data gathered by probes can be used to analyze matter in space.




Name one way in which chemistry has been used to help modern society conserve energy.




Name one way in which chemistry has been used to help modern society conserve energy.

Some possible answers include:

• batteries used in gasoline-electric hybrid

vehicles

• materials used in solar-power generation




Key ConceptsKey Concepts

Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

Modern research in chemistry can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.




Glossary TermsGlossary Terms

• technology: the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired




• Chemistry is relevant to many professions.

• A knowledge of chemistry can help you become an informed citizen.

BIG IDEABIG IDEA




END OF 1.2END OF 1.2

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1.2 Appearances can be deceiving- EQ: What is Chemistry? 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 1 Introduction