12 Lecture Cell Cycle Kelompok 12 Edited

8/10/2019 12 Lecture Cell Cycle Kelompok 12 Edited

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LECTURE PRESENTATIONS

For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITIONJane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lectures by

Erin Barley

Kathleen Fitzpatrick

The Cell Cycle

Chapter 12


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Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division

The ability of organisms to produce more of theirown kind best distinguishes living things from

nonliving matter

The continuity of life is based on the reproduction

of cells, or cell division



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Concept 12.1: Most cell division results in

genetically identical daughter cells

Most cell division results in daughter cells with

identical genetic information, DNA

The exception is meiosis, a special type of divisionthat can produce sperm and egg cells



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Cellular Organization of the Genetic

Material

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cells genome

A genome can consist of a single DNA molecule

(common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of DNAmolecules (common in eukaryotic cells)

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into

chromosomes



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Figure 12.3

20 m


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Figure 12.4

0.5 mCentromere

Sister

chromatids


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During cell division, the two sister chromatids ofeach duplicated chromosome separate and move

into two nuclei

Once separate, the chromatids are called

chromosomes



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Figure 12.5-1

ChromosomesChromosomal

DNA molecules

Centromere

Chromosomearm

1


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Figure 12.5-2


DNA molecules

Centromere

Chromosomearm

Chromosome duplication(including DNA replication)and condensation

Sisterchromatids

1

2


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Figure 12.5-3


DNA molecules

Centromere

Chromosomearm

Chromosome duplication(including DNA replication)and condensation

Sisterchromatids

Separation of sisterchromatids intotwo chromosomes

1

2

3


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Eukaryotic cell division consists of Mitosis, the division of the genetic material in the

nucleus

Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm

Gametes are produced by a variation of cell

division called meiosis



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Phases of the Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

Interphase (cell growth and copying of

chromosomes in preparation for cell division)



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Interphase (about 90% of the cell cycle) can bedivided into subphases

G1phase (first gap)

S phase (synthesis)

G2phase (second gap)

The cell grows during all three phases, but

chromosomes are duplicated only during the S

phase


Fi 12 6


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Figure 12.6

INTERPHASE

G1

G2

S

(DNA synthesis)


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The Cell Cycle Control System

The sequential events of the cell cycle are directedby a distinct cell cycle control system, which is

similar to a clock

The cell cycle control system is regulated by both

internal and external controls

The clock has specific checkpoints where the cell

cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received


Figure 12 15


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G1checkpoint

G1

G2

G2checkpoint

M checkpoint

M

SControlsystem

Figure 12.15


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Figure 12 16


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Figure 12.16

G1checkpoint

G1 G1

G0

(a) Cell receives a go-aheadsignal.

(b) Cell does not receive ago-ahead signal.

Figure 12 11a


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Figure 12.11a

ChromatincondensingNucleus

Nucleolus

Prophase1

10 m

Figure 12 11c


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Figure 12.11c

10 m

Metaphase3

Figure 12 11d


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Figure 12.11d

Anaphase4

10 m

Figure 12 11e


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Figure 12.11e

10 m

Telophase5

Cell plate


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12 Lecture Cell Cycle Kelompok 12 Edited