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7/31/2019 1.2 Workplace Hazards
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WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Dr. Ardini S Raksanagara,dr.,MPH.
Public Health DepartmentFaculty of Medicine
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SPECIFIC LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
The student will be able :
to recognize workplace hazards
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Subtopics
Worker
Employment
Workplace Environment
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References
Sumamur, Higene Perusahaan dan
Kesehatan Kerja, CV Haji Masagung,
Jakarta, 1994 Hal.48
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Introduction
In the workplace there are risk factors to theworkers
Workers can work better with high
productivity if balance is fruitful from manyfactors
When work is associated with health hazards,
it may cause occupational diseases, be one of
the multiple causes of other diseases or mayaggravate existing ill health of non
occupational origin
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Factors related to work productivity
1. Common Diseases2. Work Related diseases
3. Nutritional conditions
4. Work Environment
5. Planning and designing therelationships between people and
machines
6. Mental or psychological condition7. Workers welfare
8. Health Promotion
9. Health Facility
10.Supervision
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FACTORS RELATED TO HEALTH AND
WORK PRODUCTIVITY
1. work load
2. additional work load caused bywork environment
3. work capacity
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WORKLOAD
Work load is a direct load caused by work Each work is a work load for the workers
Types of workload
Physical : building worker
Mentally : manager
Socially : doctor
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ADDITIONAL WORKLOADCAUSED BY WORK
ENVIRONMENT
1. Physical Factors
2. Chemical Factors
3. Biological Factors
4. Physiological Factors
5. Mental and Sociological
Factors
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PhysicalFactors
temperature
humidity
sound vibration
radiation
air pressure illumination
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ChemicalFactors
Gas
Vapor
Clouds Fume
Smoke
Fluids
Solids
Heavy metals (lead & mercury)
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BiologicalFactors
Animal
Plant
PhysiologicalFactors
Machine construction
Ergonomics
Mental and SociologicalFactor
work situation relationship between workers & owners
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WORKCAPACITY
Work Capacity isthe ability or workers to completeits task
Factors that influence workcapacity
Skill
Fitness
Nutrition
Gender
Age
Anthropometry
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Strategy for Workplaceassessment
1. Anticipation
2. Recognition
3. Evaluation
4. Control of hazards
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Workplace hazards
Type of workplace hazards
Recognition of health
hazards
Evaluation of health
hazards
Controlling of healthhazards
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Type of Workplace Hazards
Hazardous Factor Adverse Health Effect or
other outcomes1 Mechanical risk factor Occupational accident and
injuries
2 Physiological strain and
heavy physical work
Musculoskeletal disorders
Strain injuries.Low Back Pain
3 Ergonomic factors Strain injuries
Mental stress
Lowered productivity andquality of work
4 Physical factors
e.g noise, vibration
Noise induced hearing loss
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Hazardous Factor Adverse Health Effect orother outcomes
5 Chemical hazards Intoxications, fibrosesCancers, allergies
6 Biological factors Infections
Allergies
7 Psychological strain Psychic stressWork dissatisfactionDepression
8 Psychosocial aspect ofwork
ConflictLowered productivityLowered quality of workMental stress
Type of Workplace Hazards
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Recognition of health hazards
1. Inspection
2. Potential health hazards
3. Techniques used in recognizinghealth hazards
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Evaluation of health hazards
1. Exposure measurementtechniques
2. Interpretation of findings3. Recommended exposure limits
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How to prevent workplace hazard
1. Substitution
2. Ventilation
3. Local exhauster4. Isolation
5. Personal Protective Device
6. Pre-placement health examination
7. Periodically health examination
8. Health and safety education
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Controlling hazards in the
workplace
1. Engineering controls
2. Work practice controls3. Administrative controls
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Engineering controls
These minimize employee exposure byeither reducing or removing the hazards atthe source or isolating the workers from thehazards
E.g. Eliminating toxic chemical & substituting
non toxic chemicals
Enclosing work processes or confiningwork operations
Installing general & local ventilationsystem
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Work practice controls
These alter the manner in which a task is performed
Some fundamental & easily implemented Work practice
controls include :
changing existing work practices to follow proper
procedures that minimize exposures while operating
production and control equipment
Inspecting and maintaining process and control
equipment on a regular basis
Implementing good housekeeping procedures
Providing good supervision
Prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking, chewing
tobacco or gum and applying cosmetics in regulated
area
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