DANH MC T VIT TT

TRNG I HC NGOI THNGKHOA KINH T V KINH DOANH QUC T---------***---------

KHA LUN TT NGHIPChuyn ngnh: Thng mi quc t

D BO KT QU M PHN HIP NH THNG MI XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP) TRONG LNH VC THNG MI DCH V. C HI V THCH THC VI VIT NAM

H v tn sinh vin: Phm Hong AnhM sinh vin: 0851020226Lp : Anh 18 - Khi 8 KTKha: 47Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS o Ngc Tin

H Ni, thng 5 nm 2012

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MC LCLI M U1CHNG 1: MT S VN L LUN V T DO HA THNG MI DCH V TRONG CC HIP NH THNG MI T DO V HIP NH I TC XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP)41.1 Thng mi dch v41.1.1 Dch v v c im ca dch v41.1.2 Thng mi dch v51.1.3 Cch tip cn vi t do ha thng mi dch v trong cc hip nh thng mi t do81.2 Khi qut v Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)101.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh v din bin m phn Hip nh TPP101.2.2 Nhng ni dung c bn ca Hip nh TPP161.3 T do ha thng mi dch v trong Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)211.3.1 Cch tip cn vi t do ha thng mi dch v trong Hip nh TPP211.3.2 Mc tiu ca cc nc tham gia Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch v23CHNG 2: CAM KT V THNG MI DCH V TRONG CC HIP NH THNG MI T DO V D BO CHO HIP NH I TC XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP)252.1 Thc trng cam kt v thng mi dch v trong mt s hip nh thng mi t do ca cc nc tham gia m phn Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)252.1.1 Hip nh thng mi t do ASEAN Australia New Zealand (AANZFTA)252.1.2 Hip nh thng mi t do Hn Quc Hoa K (KORUS)362.2 D bo kt qu m phn Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) trong lnh vc thng mi dch v462.2.1 Cc ngha v c bn ca Hip nh TPP472.2.2 Cc cam kt c th v cc ngnh dch v50CHNG 3: C HI, THCH THC V KHUYN NGH VI VIT NAM TRONG LNH VC THNG MI DCH V KHI THAM GIA HIP NH I TC XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP)543.1 Nhng c hi vi Vit Nam trong lnh vc thng mi dch v khi k kt Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)543.1.1 C hi khai thc t th trng cc nc i tc TPP543.1.2 C hi khai thc ti th trng trong nc553.2 Nhng thch thc vi Vit Nam trong lnh vc thng mi dch v khi k kt Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)573.2.1 Thch thc ti th trng cc nc i tc TPP573.2.2 Thch thc ti th trng ni a573.3 Mt s khuyn ngh tham gia hiu qu Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) trong lnh vc thng mi dch v593.3.1 Mt s khuyn ngh trong thi gian m phn Hip nh TPP593.3.2 Mt s khuyn ngh sau khi k kt trin khai hiu qu Hip nh TPP63KT LUN73DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO75

DANH MC T VIT TT

STTVit ttTing AnhTing Vit

1AANZFTAASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade AgreementHip nh thng mi t do ASEAN c New Zealand

2APECASEAN Pacific Economic CorporationDin n hp tc kinh t chu Thi Bnh Dng

3ASEANAssociation of South East Asia NationsHip hi cc quc gia ng Nam

4FTAFree Trade AgreementHip nh thng mi t do

5GATSGeneral Agreement on Trade in ServicesHip nh chung v thng mi dch v

6GDPGross domestic productTng sn phm ni a

8GNPGross national productTng sn phm quc gia

9KORUSKorea United States Free Trade AgreementHip nh thng mi t do Hn Quc Hoa K

10TPPTrans Pacific Partnership Free Trade AgreementHip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng

11WTOWorld Trade OrganizationT chc thng mi th gii

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 2.1 Tm tt d bo kt qu cc lnh vc thng mi dch v ca Hip nh TPP53

LI M U1. Tnh cp thit ca tiK t khi vng m phn Uruguay kt thc, xu th hi nhp kinh t ton cu chuyn dn sang cc hip nh thng mi t do khu vc v song phng. Xu th ny khng ngng lan rng khp khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng. Trc nm 2000, ch c 4 hip nh chnh gia cc nn kinh t APEC l Khu vc thng mi t do ASEAN (AFTA), khu vc thng mi t do Hoa K - Canada, khu vc thng mi t do Bc M (NAFTA) v hip nh thit lp Quan h Kinh t gn gi hn na New Zealand Australia. Hin nay con s ny ln ti 39 hip nh v nhiu hip nh khc ang trong qu trnh m phn. Trong s , m phn Hip nh TPP (hay cn gi l Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng) ni tri ln, tr thnh mt vn rt c quan tm bi rt nhiu l do. Th nht, Hip nh TPP c quy m iu chnh rng ln. 9 quc gia thnh vin ca Hip nh TPP c tng GDP l 16 968 t USD, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi l 33 546 USD/ngi, vi dn s khong 505,8 triu ngi (2010) (Australian Government - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2012). Th hai, Hip nh TPP c mc t do ha thng mi mnh m cc lnh vc v t do ha ngay lp tc. V cui cng, Hip nh c phm vi iu chnh phong ph. Bn cnh nhng vn thng mi truyn thng nh thng mi hng ha, thng mi dch v, v.v Hip nh cn cp n nhiu vn phi thng mi nh mi trng, lao ng, v.v. Do , Hip nh TPP c coi l Hip nh thng mi t do kiu mu ca th k 21, d bo s nh hng mnh m n khu vc kinh t nng ng Chu Thi Bnh Dng ni ring v nn kinh t ton cu ni chung.V cc lnh vc cam kt trong Hip nh TPP, lnh vc thng mi dch v c d bo s c nhng bc tin mnh m so vi cc hip nh khc. Cc cam kt trong lnh vc ny c mc m ca rng ln, cp n nhiu vn phc tp, gn lin v mt th ch v vn ha. Nhng cam kt ny s to ra nhiu thay i gia quan h thng mi dch v gia cc i tc ca Hip nh. L mt i tc ca Hip nh TPP, chc chn thng mi dch v ca Vit Nam s chu nh hng ln t cc cam kt ny.Chnh v vy vic nghin cu d bo kt qu m phn Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch v v nh gi nhng tc ng ca Hip nh i vi thng mi dch v ca Vit Nam l cn thit. Do , em la chn ti kha lun D bo kt qu m phn Hip nh thng mi xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) trong lnh vc thng mi dch v. C hi v thch thc vi Vit Nam .2. Mc tiu nghin cuTrn c s nghin cu cc cam kt v thng mi dch v trong cc FTA ca cc nc, d bo kt qu m phn ca Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch v, kha lun s phn tch c hi v thch thc ca Vit Nam trong lnh vc thng mi dch v v xut mt s khuyn ngh cho Vit Nam trong qu trnh m phn cng nh trin khai hiu qu Hip nh sau khi k kt. 3. i tng, phm vi v phng php nghin cui tng nghin cu: ni dung ca mt s hip nh thng mi t do k kt gia cc nc tham gia m phn Hip nh TPP t d bo kt qu m phn ca Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch v.Phm vi nghin cu: ti tp trung vo r sot cc cam kt v thng mi dch v ca 2 hip nh tiu biu va c tnh mi v c tnh nh hng cao gia cc thnh vin ang m phn Hip nh TPP l Hip nh AANZFTA v Hip nh KORUS. Trong , Hip nh AANZFTA l FTA mi nht gia Australia, New Zealand v cc quc gia ASEAN; nh vy c n 6 trong tng s 9 quc gia ang m phn Hip nh TPP l thnh vin ca Hip nh AANZFTA. Cn Hip nh KORUS l FTA mi nht gia Hoa K - i tc ln nht ca Hip nh TPP v Hn Quc. c bit, Hip nh KORUS c coi l chun mc Hoa K m phn Hip nh TPP khi m cc cam kt Hoa K xut trong Hip nh TPP c ni dung gn nh tng ng vi Hip nh KORUS.Phng php nghin cu: Trn nn tng phng php lun duy vt bin chng v duy vt lch s, ti s dng phng php nghin cu tng hp: phn tch ti liu, s liu thng k, nghin cu so snh v quy np, kt hp nghin cu vi thc tin.4. Kt cu tiNgoi Li m u, Kt lun, Ph lc, kt cu ca ti nh sau:Chng 1: Mt s vn l lun v t do ha thng mi dch v trong cc hip nh thng mi t do v Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh DngChng 2: Cam kt v thng mi dch v trong cc Hip nh thng mi t do v d bo cho Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh DngChng 3: C hi, thch thc v khuyn ngh vi Vit Nam trong lnh vc thng mi dch v khi tham gia Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh DngEm xin chn thnh cm n s gip tn tnh ca Tin s o Ngc Tin gio vin hng dn trc tip gip em hon thin ti ny. ti c vit trong thi gian ngn v bn thn kin thc v kinh nghim cn hn hp nn chc chn khng th trnh khi nhng sai st. V vy em rt mong nhn c s ng gp ca qu thy c v cc bn ti c hon thin hn.Em xin chn thnh cm n!

CHNG 1: MT S VN L LUN V T DO HA THNG MI DCH V TRONG CC HIP NH THNG MI T DO V HIP NH I TC XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP)

1.1 Thng mi dch v1.1.1 Dch v v c im ca dch v1.1.1.1 Khi nim v dch vTuy trong i sng hng ngy chng ta u nhc n khi nim dch v nhng n nay vn cha c mt nh ngha thng nht v dch v. Vic nh ngha r rng v dch v gp nhiu kh khn do hai nguyn nhn chnh: th nht l do tnh v hnh v kh nm bt ca dch v, cng nh s a dng, phc tp ca cc loi hnh dch v; th hai l do mi quc gia khc nhau c cch hiu v dch v khc nhau, ph thuc vo trnh pht trin kinh t ca mi nc. Vic nghin cu khi nim dch v trn nhiu kha cnh c ngha quan trng trong i n thng nht v khi nim dch v, t lm tin i su phn tch nhng vn l lun v thc tin v thng mi dch v. C rt nhiu cch tip cn khi nim dch v, vi mi cch tip cn li a ra mt nh ngha khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cch nh ngha kinh in da trn tnh cht ca dch v vn l nh ngha truyn ti c nhng ni dung c bn v y nht v dch v: Dch v l cc hot ng ca con ngi, c kt tinh thnh cc loi sn phm v hnh v khng th cm nm c. (Nguyn Th M, 2011, tr.238)Khi nim ny nu ln c hai c im c bn ca dch v. Th nht, dch v l mt sn phm, l kt qu qu trnh lao ng sn xut, l hot ng ca con ngi nhm tha mn mt nhu cu no . Th hai, khc vi hng ha l sn phm hu hnh, dch v l v hnh, phi vt cht v khng th lu tr c. Tuy dch v khng trc tip sn xut ra ca ci vt cht hu hnh nhng dch v khai thc sc lao ng, tri thc, cht xm ca con ngi to ra gi tr thng d. Dch v kt tinh cc hot ng a dng trn cc lnh vc nh ti chnh, bo him, k ton, kim ton, gio dc, vn ti,v.v...

1.1.1.2 c im ca dch vTh nht, dch v l v hnh v kh xc nh.Do dch v khng ging nh hng ha, l nhng sn phm hu hnh, c th cm nm, nhn thy c, nn khng th nh gi, xc nh cht lng dch v trc tip bng nhng tiu chun k thut c lng ha. Chnh v th, vic thng k, lng ha, nh gi cht lng v quy m cung cp dch v cp vi m v v m kh khn hn rt nhiu so vi hng ha hu hnh.Th hai, qu trnh sn xut dch v v tiu dng dch v thng xy ra ng thi.i vi hng ha, sn xut hng ha thng tch khi lu thng v tiu dng. V th hng ha c th lu kho, d tr, vn chuyn i ni khc theo nhu cu ca th trng. Trong khi , qu trnh cung ng dch v thng gn lin vi tiu dng dch v. V d, vi dch v gio dc, khi cc gio vin, ging vin l nhng ngi cung cp dch v tin hnh ging dy, cung cp dch v gio dc, th ng thi lc , hc sinh, sinh vin l nhng ngi s dng dch v cng ang tip nhn dch v gio dc. C th ni, vic cung ng dch v thng i hi s tip xc trc tip gia ngi cung ng v ngi tiu dng dch v.Th ba, dch v khng lu tr c.Do sn xut v tiu dng dch v thng din ra ng thi nn khng th sn sn xut dch v hng lot v lu tr trong kho nh hng ha sau mi tiu dng. Theo , trong cung ng dch v khng c khi nim tn kho hoc lu tr sn phm dch v. 1.1.2 Thng mi dch v1.1.2.1Khi nim thng mi dch vThng mi dch v l khi nim ch cc hot ng thng mi trong lnh vc dch v, hay ni chnh xc hn, l khi nim c dng nhn mnh kha cnh thng mi, tnh cht thng mi trong hot ng cung cp dch v (Nguyn Th M, 2011, tr.241). Cch hiu ny gip phn bit thng mi dch v vi thng mi hng ha, nhn mnh vo i tng mua bn ca thng mi dch v l dch v - cc sn phm v hnh. Ni cch khc, thng mi dch v l khi nim rng ch tt c cc hot ng cung ng dch v trn th trng nhm mc ch thu li nhun. Dch v cng c th c lu thng khng nhm mc ch thu li nhun, trong trng hp ny, cc hot ng cung ng dch v phi li nhun khng gi l thng mi dch v.Thng mi dch v c mt s c im sau:Th nht, thng mi dch v c phm vi hot ng rt rng, t dch v c nhn n dch v sn xut, kinh doanh, qun l trong tt c cc ngnh ca nn kinh t quc dn, thu ht ng o ngi tham gia vi trnh khc nhau, t lao ng n gin n lao ng cht xm c trnh cao.Th hai, thng mi dch v hin nay ang c s lan ta rt ln, ngoi tc dng trc tip ca bn thn dch v, n cn ng vai tr trung gian vi thng mi hng ha, nn pht trin thng mi dch v c nh hng gin tip ln tt c cc ngnh ca nn kinh t quc dn. C th thy, tc dng ca thng mi dch v l rt ln. Th ba, thng mi dch v khi lu thng qua bin gii chu tc ng bi tm l, tp qun, truyn thng vn ha, ngn ng v c tnh ca ngi cung cp v ngi tiu dng dch v, iu ny khc vi thng mi hng ha, sn phm l vt v tri v gic, i qua bin gii c b kim sot nhng khng phc tp nh kim sot con ngi trong thng mi dch v, v th m thng mi dch v phi i mt nhiu hn vi nhng hng ro thng mi so vi thng mi hng ha.1.1.2.2 Vai tr ca thng mi dch v trong thng mi quc tTrong thi i ngy nay, thng mi dch v c mt v tr ngy cng quan trng trong bun bn ton cu v trong c cu kinh t ca cc quc gia, c bit l cc quc gia pht trin. nhiu nc, mt s ngnh dch v c xem l ngnh kinh t mi nhn, ngnh cng nghip khng khi.Th nht, thng mi dch v c vai tr thc y tng trng kinh t, ng gp vo GDP ca cc quc gia. Vai tr quan trng ca thng mi dch v th hin vic t trng thng mi dch v trong thng mi cc quc gia v trn ton cu ang ngy cng gia tng. nhiu nc, gi tr sn lng kinh t ca nhiu ngnh dch v vt xa nhng ngnh cng nghip truyn thng. Trn phm vi ton cu, gi tr v t trng ca thng mi dch v cng lin tc gia tng, nm 2010 gi tr xut khu t 3695 t USD, gi tr nhp khu t 3510 t USD (WTO, 2011, tr.144). Tc tng trng ca thng mi dch v ton cu vn t khong 9% vo nm 2010 (WTO, 2011, tr.145) bt chp khng hong kinh t ton cu.Th hai, thng mi dch v thc y hi nhp khu vc v quc t, ci thin cn cn thng mi ca cc quc gia. Xu hng xut khu dch v ngy cng gia tng thc y hi nhp kinh t gia cc quc gia. Thng mi dch v c coi l con ng ngn nht nhiu nc ang pht trin a dng ha hot ng xut khu ca mnh, t tip cn gn hn vi cc th trng quc t.Th ba, thng mi dch v tng cng phn cng lao ng v chuyn dch c cu kinh t. Dch v chim v tr ngy cng quan trng trong tng nn kinh t quc dn cng nh nn kinh t th gii, th hin t trng trong GNP khng ngng tng ln nh nhng cuc ci cch c cu t cui thp nin 80. T trng dch v trong GNP cc nc pht trin thng t khong 60-70%, cc nc km pht trin hn t khong 40% v c xu hng ngy cng tng.(Nguyn Th M, 2011, tr.243) Th t, thng mi dch v gp phn to ra nhiu c hi vic lm. Lnh vc dch v ngy cng c xu hng s dng nhiu lao ng. Trong sn xut hng ha, vi s pht trin ca cng ngh, my mc ang dn thay th vai tr ca ngi lao ng. Tuy nhin, dch v l lnh vc c bit, trong vai tr ca ngi lao ng rt quan trng. Ti nhiu quc gia trn th gii, nht l cc nc pht trin, t trng lao ng trong cch ngnh dch v so vi ton b lc lng lao ng thng chim t 60-70%. V d, ngnh du lch thu ht 204 triu lao ng trn ton th gii, chim 10,6% lc lng lao ng th gii (Nguyn Th M, 2011, tr.244)Th nm, thng mi dch v thc y thng mi hng ha pht trin trong phm vi quc gia v quc t. Dch v chnh l cu ni gip qu trnh sn xut hng ha, tiu th sn phm din ra thun li. V d nh s ra i ca dch v vn ti gip hng ha c lu thng thun li trn ton cu, khc phc khong cch v a l, p ng nhu cu hng ha t quc gia ny n quc gia khc. Trong qu trnh chuyn ch trn khong cch ln c rt nhiu ri ro, cc dch v bo him s gnh bt nhng ri ro , lm cho vic bun bn an ton hn. Thm vo , cc dch v ti chnh ngn hng s cung cp vn, hoc to iu kin vic thanh ton din ra thun li gia cc bn trong mi quan h thng mi. Cc dch v vin thng, cng ngh thng tin gip cc bn c th d dng lin lc, trao i thng tin, rt ngn thi gian ra quyt nh, gip cho vic mua bn hng ha hiu qu v kinh t hn. Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu dch v khc nh hng mnh m n thng mi hng ha, thc y th trng lu thng hng ha pht trin mt cch y v ton din hn.1.1.3 Cch tip cn vi t do ha thng mi dch v trong cc hip nh thng mi t doT do ha thng mi l vic d bo nhng hng ro do cc nc lp nn nhm lm cho lung hng ha di chuyn t nc ny sang nc khc c thun li trn c s bnh ng. Nhng hng ro ni trn c th l thu quan, giy php xut nhp khu, quy nh v tiu chun cht lng hng ha, yu cu kim dch, phng php nh thu,v.v... R rng l thuyt v thc tin chng minh, t do ha thng mi s thc y cc quc gia bun bn, trao i hng ha, t thc y kinh t pht trin. Dch v hin l lnh vc to cng n vic lm ch yu ca cc nn kinh t ang pht trin, c bit ti cc khu vc M La-tinh, Caribe v ng . Dch v cng l tng lai ca cc quc gia ang pht trin bi l y l ngnh c tc tng trng nhanh nht trong c cu kinh t v cng l lnh vc thu ht u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) mnh m nht. Do c rt nhiu ro cn i vi thng mi dch v nn nhng li ch thu c t vic d b nhng ro cn l rt ln. Trong mt bo co gn y ca Ngn hng Th gii ch ra rng cc quc gia c khu vc dch v ti chnh m ca t c tc tng trng trung bnh cao hn so vi cc quc gia khc khong 1%. Theo mt bo co ca i hc Michigan, khi cc ro cn thng mi c d b, c tnh t do ha thng mi dch v c th s em li khong hn 2/3 phc li kinh t ton cu.Chnh v nhng l do , cc quc gia ang ngy cng tch cc trong vic k kt cc Hip nh thng mi t do nhm ct gim v xa b cc hng ro thu quan v phi thu quan, tin ti thnh lp nhng khu vc mu dch t do. Theo thng k ca T chc thng mi th gii WTO, n nay c hn 200 FTA c hiu lc (WTO, 2011, tr.253). Khi tip cn t do ha thng mi dch v, cc FTA thng a ra quy nh chung v cc phng thc cung ng dch v t a ra cc cam kt theo hai phng php: phng php chn b (negative list) v phng php chn cho (positive list).Cc phng thc cung ng dch v chung thng c quy nh trong cc FTA bao gm: Phng thc 1: Cung ng qua bin gii (cross-border supply): l hnh thc m mt nh cung ng dch v nc A bn dch v cho khch hng ti nc B m khng di chuyn ra khi nc mnh. V d: mt kin trc s ti New Zealand bn mt thit k cho mt cng ty xy dng ti Vit Nam. Phng thc 2: Tiu th nc ngoi (consumption abroad): l hnh thc m mt ngi tiu dng dch v ca nc B s n nc A mua v tiu dng dch v ti nc A). V d: mt sinh vin Vit Nam n Australia v hc ti Australia. Phng thc 3: Hin din thng mi (commercial presence): l hnh thc m mt nh cung ng dch v ca nc A s lp mt vn phng ti nc B v cung ng dch v cho ngi tiu dng nc B. V d: mt cng ty lut ca Singapore lp mt vn phng i din ti Vit Nam v kinh doanh dch v lut php ti Vit Nam.1.1.3.1 Phng php chn cho (positive list)Phng php chn cho l cam kt theo dng ch c lm nhng g c php lm, tc l ch cam kt vi nhng ngnh c lit k trong biu cam kt. V d WTO s dng phng php chn cho khi xc nhphm vicam kt, tc l cc dch v c a vo Biu cam kt dch v. Theo , bn cam kt ch cam kt m ca th trng cho cc dch v xut hin trong Biu. Vi nhng dch v khng xut hin trong Biu, bn cam kt khng c ngha v no c. Trong trng hp ca Vit Nam, nhng dch v nh qun l bt ng sn, in n, xut bn v..v khng xut hin trong Biu cam kt dch v. iu c ngha l Vit Nam khng cam kt g cho nhng ngnh ny, ngoi tr ngha v p dng cc quy tc chung ca Hip nh chung v thng mi dch v (GATS). Ngoi Hip nh GATS, Hip nh AANZFTA (lnh vc dch v) cng p dng cch tip cn ny.1.1.3.2 Phng php chn b (negative list)Phng php chn b l cam kt theo dng c lm tt c nhng g khng b hn ch, c ngha l t do ha tt c cc ngnh tr nhng ngnh c lit k trong Biu cam kt. Phng php ny c s dng khi a ra cam kt i vi cc dch v c a vo Biu. Theo , bn cam kt s lit k ton b cc bin php hn ch p dng cho dch v c lin quan. Ngoi cc bin php ny, s khng p dng bt k bin php hn ch no khc. V d: Nu trong biu cam kt ch lit k dch v bn bun, khng lit k phn ngnh dch v khc thuc Dch v phn phi th ch dch v bn bun c bo lu hn ch, cc phn ngnh dch v khc cam kt t do ha hon ton. Cc hip nh p dng cch tip cn ny v d: Hip nh u t Vit Nht (BIT), Hip nh u t ASEAN (ACIA), Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) v.v...1.2 Khi qut v Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)1.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh v din bin m phn Hip nh TPP1.2.1.1 Lch s hnh thnh Hip nh TPP Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng, hay cn gi l Hip nh thng mi xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) hin nay c ngun gc t Hip nh hp tc Kinh t chin lc Xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement cn gi l P4) - mt Hip nh thng mi t do c k kt ngy 3/6/2005, c hiu lc t 28/5/2006 gia 4 quc gia l Singapore, Chile, New Zealand v Brunei. Hip nh ny khi ngun l Hip nh i tc kinh t cht ch hn do nguyn th 3 nc Chile, New Zealand v Singapore (P3) pht ng m phn nhn dp Hi ngh Cp cao APEC 2002 t chc ti Mexico. Thng 4 nm 2005, Brunei xin gia nhp vi t cch thnh vin sng lp trc khi vng m phn cui cng kt thc, bin P3 thnh P4. Nm 2007, cc nc thnh vin P4 quyt nh m rng phm vi m phn ca Hip nh ny ra cc vn dch v ti chnh v u t v trao i vi Hoa K v kh nng nc ny tham gia vo m phn m rng ca P4. Pha Hoa K cng bt u tin hnh nghin cu vn , tham vn ni b vi cc nhm li ch v Ngh vin v vn ny.Thng 9/2008, i din thng mi Hoa K (USTR) thng bo quyt nh ca Hoa K tham gia m phn P4 m rng v chnh thc tham gia mt s cuc tho lun v m ca th trng dch v ti chnh vi cc nc P4. Thng 11 cng nm, cc nc Australia, Peru v Vit Nam cng by t s quan tm v tham gia m phn TPP, nng tng s thnh vin tham gia ln 8 nc (tr Vit Nam n 13/11/2010 mi tuyn b tham gia m phn vi t cch thnh vin y , cc nc khc quyt nh tham gia chnh thc ngay t u). Cng t thi im ny, m phn m rng P4 c t tn li l m phn Hip nh i tc Xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP).Tuy nhin m phn TPP mi b tr hon n tn cui nm 2009 do phi ch i Hoa K hon thnh k bu c Tng thng v Chnh quyn mi ca Tng thng Obama tham vn v xem xt li vic tham gia m phn TPP. Thng 12/2009, i din thng mi Hoa K mi thng bo quyt nh ca Tng thng Obama v vic Hoa K tip tc tham gia TPP. Ch lc ny m phn TPP mi c chnh thc khi ng.V pha Vit Nam, t nm 2006, qua nhiu knh, Singapore rt tch cc mi Vit Nam tham gia TPP - P4. Trc nhng cn nhc c v kha cnh kinh t v chnh tr, Vit Nam cha nhn li mi ny ca Singapore.Tuy nhin, vi vic M quyt nh tham gia TPP, v trc khi tuyn b tham gia TPP, M mi Vit Nam cng tham gia Hip nh ny, Vit Nam cn nhc li vic tham gia hay khng tham gia TPP. u nm 2009, Vit Nam quyt nh tham gia Hip nh TPP vi t cch thnh vin lin kt. Thng 11/2010, sau khi tham gia 3 phin m phn TPP vi t cch ny, Vit Nam chnh thc tham gia m phn TPP. Trc , thng 10/2010, Malaysia cng chnh thc tham gia vo TPP, nng tng s nc tham gia m phn ln thnh 9 nc. Nh vy, c 8 i tc tham gia 3 Vng m phn u tin ca TPP, bao gm 4 nc thnh vin P4 (l New Zealand, Brunei, Chile, Singapore) v 4 nc bn ngoi (l Australia, Peru, Hoa K v Vit Nam). Malaysia l nc th 9 tham gia m phn TPP t Vng m phn th 3.Trong tng lai, s lng cc bn tham gia m phn cn c th m rng thm bi nhiu nc khc trong khu vc ASEAN v APEC t thi quan tm n TPP, c bit l Nht Bn, Canada, Hn Quc, Indonesia v Thi Lan.1.2.1.2 Din bin m phn Hip nh TPPHip nh TPP l Hip nh mang tnh m rt cao, c k vng s tr thnh mt khun kh thng mi ton din v l Hip nh thng mi t do khun mu ca th k 21. Tuy khng phi l chng trnh hp tc trong khun kh APEC nhng cc thnh vin APEC u c th gia nhp nu quan tm. Cc i tc mong mun m rng TPP v s dng TPP nh mt cng c hin thc ha tng v Khu vc Mu dch T do Chu -Thi Bnh Dng ca APEC (FTAAP).Tnh n nay, cc i tc ca Hip nh TPP tri qua 11 vng m phn chnh thc:Vng m phn th nht: Vng m phn chnh thc th nht ca TPP c t chc t ngy 15-19 thng 3/2010 ti Melbourne (Australia) vi s tham gia ca hn 200 quan chc ca Australia, Hoa K, New Zealand, Chile, Singapore, Brunei, Peru v Vit Nam. Kt qu t c t vng m phn ny em li cho TPP mt khi u mnh m.Cc nh m phn TPP trao i quan im v hng lot cc vn s c a vo cc cuc m phn v nu ra cc phng php tip cn mi i vi nhng tr ngi m cc doanh nghip trong khu vc gp phi v cc lnh vc mi ni ca thng mi quc t nh dch v, thng mi in t v cng ngh xanh. Cc bn cng rt quan tm n vic pht trin mt khung m phn tt nht cho mt hip nh cht lng cao ca th k 21 cng nh mc tiu m rng hip nh cho cc quc gia khc trong khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng.Vng m phn th hai: Vng m phn th hai ca TPP c t chc ti San Francisco (Hoa K) t ngy 14 - 18 thng 6/2010 t c nhng tin trin ng k c v cu trc ca Hip nh cng nh hng lot cc vn c th trong TPP.Cc nc TPP thng nht rng cc Hip nh thng mi song phng gia cc nc TPP s tip tc tn ti song song vi TPP, iu ny s gip cho cc doanh nghip la chn s dng hip nh no tt hn cho hng ha, dch v hay u t ca mnh.Vng m phn ln ny cng t c tin b vng chc v phng php tip cn m phn v kt qu ca tip cn th trng v lm th no phn nh nhng kt qu trong hip nh. Cc trng on m phn cng t c s thng nht v hng lot cc vn chung quan trng ca th k 21 nh hng cho cc cuc m phn lin quan n thc y s tham gia ca doanh nghip va v nh v thc y tnh thng nht php l, v.v... Ngoi ra, cc nh m phn TPP cng t c cc tin trin v hng lot cc vn truyn thng ca FTA bao gm hng ha, dch v, u t, mua sm chnh ph, s hu tr tu, cc ro cn k thut i vi thng mi, chnh sch cnh tranh, cc vn php l v xy dng nng lc. Cc cuc tho lun cng tp trung vo loi iu khon no quy nh v thng mi v lao ng, thng mi v mi trng ph hp vi TPP.Vng m phn th ba: Vng m phn th 3 ca TPP c t chc ti Brunei t ngy 4 - 9 thng 10/2010 vi s tham gia ca thnh vin mi Malaysia. 24 nhm m phn gp g v tho lun v cc vn nh hng ha cng nghip, nng nhip, cc tiu chun, dch v, u t , dch v ngn hng, s hu tr tu, mua sm chnh ph, cnh tranh, lao ng v mi trng.Cc nhm m phn bt u son tho cc iu khon (nh cc nhm dch v v u t) hoc ang chun b a ra d tho. Cc cuc m phn v mc tiu v phng php tip cn th trng tip tc din ra vi quan im hng ti t c mc tiu chung v mt hip nh tham vng cao thc y hi nhp khu vc, bao gm vic thng qua cc quy tc xut x khu vc v thng nht c phng php bt u cc cuc m phn v tip cn th trng. Cc nc TPP cng tip tc m phn v cc cam kt nn v ta m h tr k thut nhm nng cao nng lc v cc vn v sinh dch t, lao ng v mi trng lin quan n thng mi.Vng m phn th t: Vng m phn th t Hip nh TPP c t chc ti Auckland (New Zealand) t ngy 6-10 thng 12/2010, vi s tham gia ca 9 nc (Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, M v Vit Nam), tip tc t c tin b v tt c cc vn m phn. y cng l vng m phn u tin Vit Nam tham gia vi t cch thnh vin y . Vi mc tiu kt thc m phn cng sm cng tt, cc cuc m phn din ra khn trng c 24 nhm m phn. Cc nh m phn cng kt thc cc cng vic chun b cho vic trao i cc bn cho ban u v tip cn th trng hng ha, d kin din ra vo thng 1/2011. Cc bn cho ban u v dch v v u t cng c chun b a ra vo thng 3/2011.Vng m phn th nm: Vng m phn th nm Hip nh TPP din ra ti Santiago (Hoa K) t ngy 14-18 thng 2/2011. D tho hip nh c em ra tho lun hu ht 24 nhm m phn v xut ca cc nc c xem xt mt cch cn thn. Sau , cc nh m phn hp nht cc xut li v son tho D tho, c gng thu hp khong cch gia chng nhng vn cn nhc n li ch v quan ngi ca mi quc gia.Cc m phn v tip cn th trng i vi hng ha bt u Santiago, sau khi cc bn trao i cc bn cho ban u vo thng 1/2011. Cc bn cng ng trao i cc bn cho v tip cn th trng i vi dch v, u t v mua sm chnh ph trc vng m phn ti. Cc bn cho dch v v u t s c thc hin theo phng php chn - b, i vi tt c cc nc TPP.Vng m phn th su: Vng m phn ny din ra ti Singapore t 24/3 n 1/4 nm 2011. Bn tho hin ti ang c a ra tho lun trong mi nhm m phn v cc cuc tho lun t c kt qu trong vic lm r hn v hi ha cc khong cch v v th. Cc bn cho ban u v tip cn th trng c trao i trc vng m phn ny v dch v, u t v mua sm chnh ph. Ph hp vi mt hip nh TPP tham vng cao, cc bn cho u t v dch v c thc hin trn c s chn - b (negative list) - mt thc tin cha tng xy ra trc kia i vi mt s nc TPP. Cc cuc tho lun cng t c cc tin trin v cc cam kt nn v cc vn chung, nh gia tng s tham gia ca cc doanh nghip va v nh vo thng mi quc t, tng cng hi ha php l, thc y chui cung ng v sn xut trong khu vc.Vng m phn th by: Vng m phn th by din ra ti TP H Ch Minh (Vit Nam) t ngy 15-24 thng 6/2011. Cc bn lm vic nhm cng c cc vn hin ti v xem xt cc xut mi cc nhm lm vic, bao gm s hu tr tu, dch v, minh bch, truyn thng, hi quan v mi trng. Cc bn tip tc tho lun v tng bn cho ca cc nc v phng php tip cn th trng, cc cam kt v lnh vc dch v, u t v mua sm chnh ph. Cc xut ca Hoa K v tng cng s tham gia ca cc doanh nghip va v nh trong thng mi quc t, ci thin s hi ha php l, tng cnh tranh v cc chui cung ng c xem xt.Vng m phn th tm: Vng m phn th tm din ra ti Chicago (Hoa K) t 6 -15 thng 9/2011. Cc bn t c tin b trong cng c v thu hp v th gia cc bn m phn ti hn 20 chng trong d tho vn kin hin ti. c bit, qu trnh m phn t c bc tin quan trng trong cc vn Hi quan, Kim dch ng thc vt (SPS), cc Hng ro k thut trong Thng mi (TBT), vn Vin thng v Mua sm Chnh ph. Cc bn tip tc xem xt bn cho mi trong mt s cc chng v mi trng, s hu tr tu (ti chng ny, Hoa K chi tit mt s iu khon mi lin quan n mt hng tn dc) v tnh minh bch.Vng m phn th chn: Vng m phn ny c t chc li Lima (Peru) t ngy 19-28 thng 10 nm 2011. Cc bn m phn tip tc t c cc tin trin mi, c bit mt s chng v cc vn V sinh v dch t (SPS), Ro cn K thut i vi Thng mi (TBT) v cc Quy nh v Ngun gc xut x (ROOs). Mt xut mi v vn Doanh nghip Nh nc (SOEs) cng c a ra v c tho lun trong nhm lm vic v Chnh sch Cnh tranh. Vng m phn th 9 cng t c nhiu tin b v tip cn th trng hng ha, dch v v u t, mua sm chnh ph. Ngoi ra, c mt s xut phc tp v nhy cm cng c a ra, bao gm vn s hu tr tu v tnh minh bch.Cuc hp cc Nh lnh o TPP bn l Hi ngh cp cao APEC 19: din ra trong 2 ngy 12-13 thng 11 nm 2011 ti Hawaii (Hoa K). Ti y cc Nh lnh o TPP a ra c cc vn kin quan trng bao gm: Bn m t cc lnh vc m phn chnh ca Hip nh TPP, Bo co ca cc B trng thng mi gi cc Nh lnh o TPP v Bn tuyn b ca cc Nh lnh o TPP.Vng m phn th mi: Vng ny din ra ti Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) t ngy 5 9 thng 12 nm 2011. Tuy nhin, ch c mt vi nhm m phn gp mt v lm vic trong sut tun, bao gm cc nhm m phn v ngun gc xut x, dch v, u t v s hu tr tu. Cc nhm m phn v tip cn th trng hng cng nghip, nng nghip v dt may cng c bui gp mt. Cc bn lm vic cng nhau tho ra mt bn k hoch chi tit nhm kt thc m phn c hn 20 nhm m phn, bao gm c cc cuc lm vic gia k.Vng m phn th mi mt: Vng m phn ny din ra t ngy 2 7 thng 3/2012 ti Melbourne (Australia). Trong cc phin hp, cc nh m phn tip tc bn v vn php l, u t, cc ro cn k thut thng mi, quy tc xut x, quyn s hu tr tu, lao ng, dch v ti chnh, u t, nhp cnh tm thi, v cc bin php khc phc hu qu thng mi. Thm vo , cc nh m phn cng bt u cc cuc tho lun v hp tc qun l v xy dng nng lc thng mi. Ngoi ra, cc thnh vin tho lun v cc vn lin quan n mi trng, vin thng, cnh tranh, mua sm chnh ph, thng mi in t, tip cn th trng, v cc vn hi quan. Bn l cc cuc m ph, cc nh lnh o cc nn kinh t TPP cng tham gia vo Din dn m do Australia t chc, to iu kin cho khong 250 bn lin quan tho lun v cc vn quan tm trong cc cuc m phn.C th thy tin trnh m phn Hip nh TPP ang din ra mt cch nhanh chng v ci m gia cc quc gia nhm tin ti mt Hip nh thng mi t do tiu chun cao, mt hnh mu ca FTA th h mi th k 21 vi mc m ca mnh m tt c cc ngnh, c tc ng ln n thng mi gia cc i tc ca Hip nh TPP.1.2.2 Nhng ni dung c bn ca Hip nh TPP1.2.2.1 c trng chnh ca Hip nh TPPVi vic t nhiu k vng vo Hip nh TPP nhm mc tiu tng cng thng mi v u t gia cc nc thnh vin TPP, thc y s i mi, tng trng kinh t v pht trin v h tr, to thm v duy tr vic lm, trong Bn m t cc lnh vc m phn chnh ca Hip nh TPP c a ra vo ngy 12/11/2011, cc B trng thng mi cc nc thnh vin TPP xc nh 5 c trng gip Hip nh TPP tr thnh mt hip nh mang tnh bc ngot v thng mi ca th k 21. Nhng c im ny bao gm: Tip cn th trng ton din: bi b thu v cc ro cn thng mi hng ha, dch v v u t, nhm to ra nhng c hi mi cho ngi lao ng v doanh nghip cng nh nhng li ch trc tip cho ngi tiu dng. Hip nh khu vc ton din: to thun li cho pht trin sn xut v chui cung ng gia cc thnh vin TPP, h tr mc tiu to vic lm, nng cao mc sng, ci thin phc li x hi v tng cng pht trin bn vng cc nc thnh vin. Cc vn thng mi xuyn sut: hnh thnh trn c s nhng tha thun c thc hin trong khun kh APEC v cc din n khc, v thng qua vic a vo Hip nh TPP 4 vn mi, xuyn sut, gm: Gn kt mi trng chnh sch: Cc cam kt s thc y thng mi gia cc nc thnh vin thng qua vic to ra mi trng trao i thng mi gn kt v hiu qu. To thun li thc y nng lc cnh tranh v kinh doanh: Cc cam kt s nng cao nng lc cnh tranh trong nc v khu vc ca tng nn kinh t TPP v thc y hi nhp kinh t v to thm vic lm trong khu vc thng qua pht trin chui sn xut v chui cung ng khu vc. Doanh nghip va v nh: Cc cam kt s gii quyt nhng quan ngi ca doanh nghip va v nh v kh khn trong vic hiu v vn dng cc hip nh thng mi, khuyn khch cc doanh nghip va v nh giao thng quc t. Pht trin: T do ha th trng mt cch ton din v mnh m, ci thin thng mi v u t, tng cng k cng v nhng cam kt khc, bao gm vic thit lp c ch gip cc thnh vinTPP thc thi hiu qu v tn dng c ti a nhng li ch m Hip nh mang li, qua gp phn tng cng vai tr ca nhng th ch quan trng i vi qun l v pht trin kinh t, v t gp phn ng k vo vic thc y nhng u tin pht trin kinh t ca tng thnh vin TPP. Nhng vn mi trong thng mi: thc y thng mi v u t i vi cc sn phm v dch v mang tnh sng to, trong c nn kinh t k thut s v cng ngh xanh, v m bo mt mi trng kinh doanh cnh tranh trong ton b khu vc TPP. Hip nh m: cho php cp nht hip nh khi ph hp gii quyt cc vn thng mi ny sinh trong tng lai cng nh cc vn mi pht sinh trong qu trnh m rng Hip nh kt np thm nhng thnh vin mi. 1.2.2.2 Cc vn m phn chnh ca Hip nh TPPHip nh TPP c m phn theo cch tip cn c gi, bao gm ton b cc lnh vc then cht v thng mi v c lin quan n thng mi. Khng ch cp nht cc cch tip cn truyn thng i vi nhng vn c trong cc FTA trc y, Hip nh TPP bao gm thm nhiu vn mi, ang ni v xuyn sut. Hn hai mi nhm m phn lm vic tch cc nhm t c tha thun v m ca th trng hng ha, dch v v mua sm chnh ph ca cc thnh vin TPP khc. Tt c chn nc thnh vin cng nht tr thng qua nhng tiu chun cao nhm m bo cc bn s cng chia s tt c li ch v ngha v ca Hip nh. Mt b cc cam kt mi, xuyn sut nhm mc tiu ct gim chi ph, to thun li pht trin dng chy v mng li thng mi thng thong hn gia cc thnh vin TPP, khuyn khch s tham gia ca cc doanh nghip va v nh trong thng mi quc t, v thc y tng trng kinh t v nng cao mc sng. Cc vn chnh ang m phn c m t trong Bn m t cc lnh vc m phn chnh ca Hip nh TPP bao gm: Cnh tranh: Cc thnh vin TPP cam kt v vic thit lp v duy tr cc lut v c quan qun l cnh tranh, th tc cng bng trong vic thc thi lut cnh tranh, minh bch ha, bo v ngi tiu dng, quyn ring t v hnh ng v hp tc k thut. Hp tc v nng cao nng lc: Cc thnh vin trin khai mt s hot ng hp tc v nng cao nng lc nhm p ng cc yu cu c th v ang ln k hoch v nhng hot ng b sung nhm h tr cc nc ang pht trin t c cc mc tiu ca Hip nh. Cung cp dch v qua bin gii: Cc thnh vin TPP thng nht phn ln cc vn ct li lin quan n cung cp dch v qua bin gii, m bo mt th trng cng bng, m v minh bch cho thng mi dch v. Hi quan: Cc nh m phn t c tha thun trong cc vn chnh v hi quan cng nh v tm quan trng ca hi quan d d bo, minh bch v s kt hp cht ch gia c quan hi quan ca cc thnh vin. Thng mi in t: m phn t c nhng tin b quan trng trong vic gii quyt thu hi quan trong mi trng s, vic chng nhn cc giao dch in t v bo v ngi tiu dng. Cc xut khc v lung thng tin v vic x l cc sn phm s ang tip tc c tho lun. Mi trng: Cc thnh vin TPP thng nht cc iu khon v cc cp bo v mi trng v vic thc thi lut. Ngoi ra cc vn khc nh nh bt thy sn v cc vn bo tn khc, a dng sinh hc, s xm ln ca cc sinh vt l, bin i kh hu, hng ha v dch v mi trng ang c tho lun. Dch v ti chnh: Cc thnh vin TPP ang m phn v u t vo cc th ch ti chnh v thng mi qua bin gii trong dch v ti chnh s gip m bo tnh minh bch, khng phn bit i x, i x cng bng vi cc dch v ti chnh mi, cc bin php bo v u t v mt c ch gii quyt tranh chp hiu qu thc hin nhng bin php bo v ny. Mua sm chnh ph: Cc nh m phn TPP v c bn thng nht cc nguyn tc v cam kt v cc hot ng mua sm chnh ph nhm m bo cc hot ng ny s c thc hin cng bng, minh bch v khng phn bit i x. S hu tr tu: Cc thnh vin TPP nht tr tng cng v xy dng cc quyn v ngha v da trn Hip nh WTO v nhng kha cnh lin quan n thng mi ca quyn s hu tr tu (TRIPS) nhm m bo mt cch tip cn hiu qu v cn bng i vi vn quyn s hu tr tu gia cc nc thnh vin TPP. u t: Cc thnh vin TPP ang tip tc m phn v s bo v c bn v php l i vi cc nh u t v cc hot ng u t ca mi quc gia thnh vin TPP trong lnh th cc thnh vin TPP khc cng nh c ch gii quyt tranh chp gia cc nh u t v Nh nc mt cch nhanh chng, cng bng v minh bch trn c s c ch ph hp bo v Nh nc. Lao ng: Cc nh m phn ang tip tc tho lun cc cam kt v bo v quyn lao ng v cc c ch nhm m bo hp tc, phi hp v i thoi v cc vn lao ng m cc thnh vin cng quan tm. Cc vn php l: Cc thnh vin TPP t c tin b v cc iu khon lin quan n thc thi hip nh, cc trng hp ngoi l i vi cc ngha v ca hip nh cng nh v cc quy tc x l vn minh bch trong vic xy dng cc iu lut, quy nh hay cc quy tc khc. Tip cn th trng hng ha: Cc thnh vin TPP thng nht a ra cc cam kt quan trng cao hn cc ngha v ca WTO hin nay, cng nh xa b cc ro cn phi thu quan hin nay. Ngoi ra, cc bn cng ang cn nhc cc vn lin quan n cp giy php xut nhp khu, cnh tranh xut khu hng nng nghip v an ninh lng thc, cam kt mc cao vi hng dt may,v.v... Quy tc xut x: Cc thnh vin TPP nht tr xy dng mt b quy tc xut x chung khch quan, minh bch v d d on nhm xc nh mt sn phm c xut x t khu vc TPP hay khng. Ngoi ra, cc xut xy dng mt h thng chng nhn xut x u i n gin, hiu qu cng ang c tho lun. Cc tiu chun v sinh dch t v kim dch ng, thc vt (SPS): Cc quc gia thnh vin nht tr tng cng v pht trin ni dung ny da trn cc quyn v ngha v hin ti ca cc bn theo Hip nh v kim dch ng thc vt (SPS) ca WTO. Cc ro cn k thut i vi thng mi (TBT):Hip nh TPP s cng c v pht trin cc quyn v ngha v hin ti quy nh Hip nh v Cc ro cn k thut i vi thng mi (TBT) ca WTO. Hip nh bao gm cc cam kt v l trnh thc hin, cc th tc nh gi s ph hp, cc tiu chun quc t, c ch th ch v minh bch ha. Vin thng: Cc thnh vin TPP ngoi vic thng nht mt hip nh rng, th hin s cn thit v tip cn mng li mt cch hp l dnh cho cc nh cung cp thng qua kt ni v tip cn c s vt cht, ang tip tc tho lun v tng cng tnh minh bch ca qu trnh ban hnh chnh sch v bo m quyn khiu ni cc quyt nh. Di chuyn th nhn: Cc thnh vin TPP v c bn kt thc cc iu khon chung v tng cng tnh minh bch v hiu qu trong qu trnh gii quyt nhp cnh tm thi, ng thi thc y hp tc k thut hin ti gia cc nc TPP. Cc bip php phng v thng mi: Cc thnh vin TPP nht tr khng nh cc quyn v ngha v ca mnh trong WTO v xem xt cc vn mi lin quan n nhng ngha v mi xy dng trn c s nhng quyn li v ngha v hin hnh trong lnh vc minh bch ha v quy trnh t tng. 1.3 T do ha thng mi dch v trong Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)1.3.1 Cch tip cn vi t do ha thng mi dch v trong Hip nh TPPHip nh TPP p dng cch tip cn chn b cch tip cn ph bin trong cc FTA th h sau. Cch tip cn c thc hin nh sau:D tho mi nht ca Hip nh TPP quy nh nhng ngha v c bn ca cc Thnh vin trong vic m ca th trng v t do ha hot ng thng mi dch v cho nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi. C 06 ngha v ch yu, bao gm: Dnh i x quc gia (MFN). Dnh i x ti hu quc (NT). Loi b mt s iu kin u t, hoc iu kin c hng u i u t, tri vi ngha v i x quc gia v khng p dng cc bin php hn ch s lng i vi sn xut hng ha hoc cung cp dch v. Loi b cc hn ch, cho php nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi c cung cp dch v qua bin gii (Phng thc 1 v 2) v thnh lp hin din thng mi trn lnh th nc mnh cung cp dch v (Phng thc 3). Loi b yu cu phi hin din nc s ti c php cung cp dch v qua bin gii (Phng thc 1 v 2). Loi b yu cu v quc tch ca nhn s qun l cao cp ca doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi.Khi thng qua m phn, cc thnh vin c quyn bo lu mt s bin php khng ph hp vi cc ngha v nu trn (c gi l cc bin php khng tng thch non-conforming measures). Cc bin php ny c lit k theo lnh vc hoc ch trong Danh mc bo lu ca Thnh vin km theo Hip nh. c bit vi mt hip nh c tnh m cao nh Hip nh TPP, Danh mc bo lu cn phi rt r rng v chi tit. Hip nh TPP cho php 2 Danh mc bo lu, gm: Danh mc I gm cc bin php ph hp vi cc ngha v v u t v dch v, c quy nh trong php lut hin hnh hoc iu c quc t c hiu lc thi hnh. Cc bin php bo lu trong Danh mc I s c tip tc p dng theo ng m t trong Danh mc. Hip nh TPP khng hn ch quyn ca Thnh vin iu chnh, sa i php lut hin hnh c lin quan n cc bin php ny nhng ch c iu chnh, sa i theo hng t do hn, hoc t ra khng km thun li hn. Bn cnh , mt khi c iu chnh theo hng t do hn th vic iu chnh mc nhin tr thnh ngha v rng buc mi, cc Thnh vin khng c rt li na v cng khng cn phi iu chnh li Danh mc bo lu trong TPP. Danh mc II gm cc lnh vc, vn m cc Thnh vin bo lu quyn ban hnh mi (hoc duy tr thc tin p dng) cc bin php khng ph hp vi cc ngha v v u t v dch v. y ch yu l nhng bin php cha xut hin hoc cha c a vo php lut v iu c quc t hin hnh ca mi Thnh vin. Danh mc ny c tnh linh hot cao hn Danh mc I bi cc bn c quyn ban hnh, iu chnh, sa i php lut c lin quan theo c 2 hng t do hn hoc hn ch hn, khng phi tun th nguyn tc khng km thun li hn v mc nhin tr thnh ngha v mi nh Danh mc I.1.3.2 Mc tiu ca cc nc tham gia Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch vHip nh TPP c ngha v cng quan trng vi chnh sch thng mi ton cu v n c coi l gii php cho Vng m phn Doha b tc, gip gim thu quan, m ca th trng c bit th trng dch v. N l mt tha thun tin b ca cc i tc c t duy ging nhau, trnh c cc tha thun song phng phc tp. i vi mi quan h thng mi Chu Thi Bnh Dng, Hip nh gip tng cng pht trin kinh t v to cng n vic lm cho cc nc thnh vin; c bit cng c mi quan h M - Chu ; ng thi b sung v gy nh hng vi cc FTA khc trong chu . Hip nh TPP c coi l m hnh mu cho cc FTA ca th k 21 v n t do ha ton din th trng trong nc; gip thng nht cc FTA an xen chng cht gia cc quc gia m phn hin nay; c bit ch trng vo cc ngnh mi nh cng ngh, dch v v u t v tng cng hp tc trong cc lnh vc doanh nghip va v nh, pht trin, lao ng. Chnh v ngha to ln nh vy m cc quc gia tham gia m phn Hip nh TPP u t rt nhiu k vng vo s thnh cng ca hip nh.i vi Hoa K - i tc ln nht ca Hip nh TPP, Chu c coi l th trng c bit quan trng. Theo C quan i din thng mi Hoa K, khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng l cha kha thc y kinh t ton cu, chim ti gn 60% GDP ton cu v khong 50% thng mi quc t. T nm 1990, thng mi hng ha khu vc tng 300% trong khi u t quc t vo khu vc ny tng 400%. Vic gia nhp m phn TPP mang tnh chin lc vi Hoa K, th hin quyt tm cao ca nc ny trong vic tip cn hon ton vo th trng rng ln v y tim nng ny. Mc tiu chnh ca Hoa K khi gia nhp Hip nh TPP l:Th nht, gii quyt tnh trng vic lm trong nc bng cch y mnh xut khu sang th trng cc nc chu . Ti Hi ngh cc nh lnh o APEC din ra vo ngy 13/12/2010, Tng thng Obama pht biu: khu vc ny, Hoa K nhn thy c hi v cng ln tng cng xut khu vo mt trong nhng th trng tng trng nhanh nht th gii... Chnh ng nhn mnh mc tiu ca Hoa K l tng gp i sn lng xut khu trong vng 5 nm k t nm 2010, v iu ny s to ra 2 triu vic lm ti Hoa K. Th hai, ngm gii quyt s mt cn bng ton cu mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ca khng hong kinh t th gii, do s kt hp gia tnh trng thm ht thng mi ca Hoa K v thng d thng mi ca cc nc khu vc ng . Hoa K mun ku gi cc quc gia vi thng d thng mi ln pht trin nhu cu trong nc ca mnh, ch khng ch tp trung xut khu sang Hoa K.Cui cng, vic gia nhp Hip nh TPP cng th hin r mc tiu ca Hoa K khc phc tnh trng b ng ngoi mt khu vc kinh t c tc pht trin nhanh nht th gii khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng do vic gia tng cc FTA trong khu vc ny m khng c s tham gia ca Hoa K. Thm vo , iu ny cng c ngha gip Hoa K chng li nhng nh hng ngy cng gia tng ca thng mi Trung Quc trong khu vc v trn th gii. Vi cc nc c trnh thp hn khi tham gia m phn TPP, cc nc mong mun c th nng cao trnh thng mi dch v trong nc, m ca v n nhiu c hi u t hn, pht trin kinh t v to thun li trong thng mi. Bn thn cc nc ny cng c c hi tip cn vi th trng rng ln t cc quc gia khc thc y xut khu nhng th mnh ca mnh.

CHNG 2: CAM KT V THNG MI DCH V TRONG CC HIP NH THNG MI T DO V D BO CHO HIP NH I TC XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP)

2.1 Thc trng cam kt v thng mi dch v trong mt s hip nh thng mi t do ca cc nc tham gia m phn Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)Cc nn kinh t tham gia m phn Hip nh TPP c mi quan h cht ch v phc tp vi nhau c quy nh bi nhiu FTA song phng v a phng. Vic nghin cu cc FTA tiu biu gia cc thnh vin m phn TPP s gip c ci nhn tng quan v thc trng t do ha thng mi dch v gia cc quc gia v d on kt qu m phn Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch v.2.1.1 Hip nh thng mi t do ASEAN Australia New Zealand (AANZFTA)2.1.1.1 Tng quan v Hip nh AANZFTAHip nh thng mi t do ASEAN Australia New Zealand l mt hip nh kinh t ton din gia 10 quc gia ASEAN ( Brunei, Myanmar, Campuchia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillipines, Singapore, Thi Lan v Vit Nam) vi Australia v New Zealand. Hip nh m ra cho khu vc kinh t nng ng vi quy m dn s 623 triu dn (2010) v GDP 3,2 t USD (2010) (Australian Government - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2012) ny nhiu c hi mi da trn nn tng c ch tip cn th trng v c ch u t t do, minh bch v thun li hn.Hip nh c k kt vo ngy 27/02/2009 ti Thi Lan, v c hiu lc bt u t ngy 01/01/2010 sau khi c ph chun bi 8 bn bao gm: 6 quc gia ASEAN (Brunei, Malaysia, Myanmar, Phillipines, Singapore, Vit Nam), Australia v New Zealand. Sau , Hip nh AANZFTA bt u c hiu lc vi Thi Lan t ngy 12/03/2010. AANZFTA c hiu lc vi Lo v Campuchia ln lt vo ngy 01/01/2011 v 04/01/2011. Indonesia ph chun Hip nh vo ngy 06/05/2011 v ang trong qu trnh ban hnh cc quy phm php lut cn thit thc hin cc cam kt thu quan theo AANZFTA. y l ln u tin Australia v New Zealand cng kt hp tham gia m phn mt FTA vi bn th ba, v cng l ln u tin cc nc ASEAN bt tay vo m phn mt FTA bao gm tt c cc lnh vc: hng ha, dch v, u t v s hu tr tu ng thi. iu ny lm cho AANZFTA tr thnh FTA ton din nht m cc nc ASEAN tng m phn.Thng qua Hip nh AANZFTA: Thu quan s gim dn k t khi Hip nh c hiu lc, v loi b t nht 90% tt c cc dng thu trong thi hn quy nh. Quy tc xut x hin i, linh hot hn, n gin ha th tc hi quan v nhiu c ch minh bch ha s to iu kin cho dng lu chuyn hng ha thun li hn. Nhng ro cn thng mi dch v s dn c t do ha, cho php cc nh cung cp dch v tip cn gn hn vi cc th trng trong khu vc. S di chuyn th nhn, nhng ngi tham gia vo cc hot ng thng mi v u t, s c to iu kin thun li. u t c bo v trong mt phm vi nht nh, bao gm c kh nng gii quyt tranh chp thng qua c ch gii quyt tranh chp ca nc nh u t.2.1.1.2 Nhng cam kt chung v thng mi dch v trong Hip nh AANZFTAc xy dng da trn cam kt v t do ha thng mi dch v ca WTO, chng Thng mi dch v ca Hip nh AANZFTA tip tc ci thin v pht trin cc cam kt v ngha v v thng mi dch v. Cc cam kt v thng mi dch v ca Hip nh AANZFTA mang tnh cht WTO + (c ngha l Hip nh AANZFTA c mc cam kt m rng m mnh m hn so vi cam kt ca cc bn ti Hip nh GATS ca WTO). Nhng cam kt ci tin v tip cn th trng, i ng quc gia, quy nh v i x ti hu quc (MFN) v hng lot cc bin php v cam kt khc s tng cng s chc chn v minh bch, to iu kin thun li cho cc nh xut khu dch v ca cc quc gia trong khu vc.a) Tip cn th trng v i ng quc giaKhon 2 iu 4 chng 8 Hip nh AANZFTA quy nh rng trong cc ngnh c cam kt m ca th trng ton b, cc quc gia thnh vin khng c p t cc ro cn nh: Hn ch s lng ngi cung cp dch v d di hnh thc hn ngch theo s lng, c quyn, ton quyn cung cp dch v hoc yu cu p ng nhu cu kinh t; Hn ch v tng gi tr cc giao dch v dch v hoc ti sn di hnh thc hn ngch theo s lng, hoc yu cu p ng nhu cu kinh t; Hn ch tng s cc hot ng dch v hoc tng s lng dch v u ra tnh theo s lng n v di hnh thc hn ngch hoc yu cu v yu cu kim tra nhu cu kinh t; Hn ch v tng s th nhn c th c tuyn dng trong mt ngnh dch v c th hoc mt ngi cung cp dch v c php tuyn dng cn thit hoc trc tip lin quan ti vic cung cp mt dch v c th di hnh thc hn ngch hoc yu cu p ng nhu cu kinh t; Cc bin php hn ch hoc yu cu cc hnh thc php nhn c th hoc lin doanh thng qua ngi cung cp dch v c th cung cp dch v; v Hn ch v t l vn gp ca Bn nc ngoi bng vic quy nh gii hn phn trm ti a c phn ca Bn nc ngoi hoc tng tr gi u t nc ngoi tnh n hoc tnh gp.Ti Khon 1 iu 3 chng 8, trong cam kt v i ng quc gia, cc thnh vin cam kt mi Bn phi dnh cho dch v v ngi cung cp dch v ca bt k Bn no khc s i x khng km thun li hn s i x c Bn dnh cho dch v v ngi cung cp dch v ca chnh mnhTuy nhin, trong lch trnh cam kt ca mi bn vn c th bao gm mt s hn ch v tip cn th trng hoc i ng quc gia theo chiu ngang (p dng trn tt c cc ngnh) hoc trn tng ngnh c th.b) Quy nh trong ncHip nh AANZFTA c mt s quy nh quan trng v quy nh trong nc i vi cc quc gia thnh vin. Cc quy nh v vic thc hin c hiu qu cc quy nh ny l vn rt ng lu tm i vi cc doanh nghip. V d Khon 1 iu 10 chng 8 Hip nh quy nh: Trong nhng ngnh dch v c cc cam kt, mi Bn phi m bo rng tt c cc bin php p dng chung tc ng n thng mi dch v c iu hnh mt cch hp l, khch quan v bnh ng. Tng t nh vy, trong cc lnh vc m c nhng cam kt c th, cc bin php lin quan ti yu cu chuyn mn, th tc, tiu chun k thut v yu cu cp php phi m bo khng tr thnh nhng tr ngi khng cn thit cho thng mi dch v. Cc bn s cng nhau r sot li cc kt qu m phn v cc nguyn tc ca cc bin php ny, nhm a cc bin php ny vo ni dung Hip nh. Cc bn ghi nhn nhng nguyn tc nhm m bo rng cc yu cu ny, khng k cc nguyn tc khc: Da trn nhng tiu ch khch quan v minh bch, nh nng lc v kh nng cung cp dch v; Khng phin h hn mc cn thit bo m cht lng dch v; Trong trng hp p dng th tc cp php, khng tr thnh hn ch cung cp dch v.iu trn c quy nh ti Khon 2 iu 10 chng 8 Hip nh AANZFTA.Trong trng hp c yu cu v th tc ph duyt i vi vic cung cp mt dch v c cam kt c th trong khun kh ca Hip nh, Khon 5 iu 10 chng 8 quy nh cc c quan c thm quyn ca mi quc gia s: Trong trng hp h s xin cp php cha hon chnh, theo yu cu ca ngi np h h, ch r mi thng tin b sung cn thit hon chnh h s v to c hi b sung cc thiu st trong mt khong thi gian hp l; Trong thi gian ph hp, sau khi np n c xem l hon thnh theo ng quy nh v lut php trong nc, phi thng bo cho ngi np n quyt dnh lin quan n h s; Theo yu cu ca ngi np h s, cung cp khng chm ch cc thng tin c lin quan n tnh trng ca h s; v Nu h s b nh ch hoc t chi, trong mc ti a c th, ngi np h s s c thng bo bng vn bn khng chm ch v nguyn nhn ca vic nh ch hoc t chi . Ngi np h s c th np li, theo nguyn vng ca mnh, h s mi.c) Minh bch haCc doanh nghip c to c hi tm hiu v cc quy tc, quy nh v cc bin php nh hng n thng mi dch v nh quy nh ca Hip nh AANZFTA yu cu nhng thng tin ny v tt c cc hip nh quc t khc nh hng n thng mi dch v - cn phi c cng b rng ri trn internet. Cc chnh ph cng cn thit lp cc u mi lin lc gii p kp thi nhng thc mc ca cc bn.d) Cng nhnMt phn quan trng trong chng thng mi dch v ca Hip nh AANZFTA l vic khuyn khch cc bn cng nhn nhng yu cu v gio dc v/hoc kinh nghim lin quan n giy php v giy chng nhn cung cp nhng dch v c th. Cc bn c khuyn khch m phn hi ha ha nhng yu cu ny hoc thit lp cc tha thun chung cc nh cung cp dch v t cc quc gia thuc Hip nh AANZFTA c th tin hnh giao thng d dng hn vi cc quc gia khc trong khu vc ca hip nh.Trng hp c hai hoc nhiu quc gia AANZFTA tham gia vo cc tha thun v cng nhn ny, h c ngha v phi cho php cc quc gia khc thuc khu vc ca Hip nh AANZFTA m phn gia nhp tha thun. e) Vn c quyn v thng l kinh doanhTrong trng hp mt chnh ph cho php cung cp c quyn mt dch v no trn th trng, Hip nh AANZFTA quy nh chnh ph c ngha v m bo rng s c quyn s khng lm suy yu cc cam kt v thng mi dch v trong phm vi Hip nh. Tng t nh vy, nu mt chnh ph b co buc cho php mt nh cung cp dch v kinh doanh theo nhng cch lm hn ch cnh tranh v hn ch thng mi bi mt nc khc, Hip nh quy nh cn c nhng bui tham vn loi b cc hnh vi chng cnh tranh. f) T chi li chTng t nh cc hip nh thng mi u i khc, Hip nh AANZFTA c thnh lp nhm mc ch em li li ch cho cc doanh nghip trong khu vc v cc nh cung cp dch v. m bo quyn li cho cc doanh nghip, iu 21 Chng Thng mi dch v cho php cc bn c quyn t chi li ch t Hip nh ny.2.1.1.3 Cam kt c th v cc lnh vc thng mi dch v ca cc thnh vin Hip nh AANZFTAVi cam kt v vic m ca cc lnh vc thng mi dch v, cc quc gia thnh vin ca Hip nh AANZFTA c rt nhiu c hi mi tip cn vi cc lnh vc dch v ti cc nc khc.a) Cch tip cn t do ha thng mi dch v ca Hip nh AANZFTATng t nh Hip nh GATS, Hip nh AANZFTA s dng cch tip cn tch cc hay cn gi l phng php chn cho. Cc quc gia a ra mt danh sch cc lnh vc dch v v quyt nh mc cam kt da trn phng thc cung ng v ty theo vic cc cam kt s nh hng nh th no n vic kinh doanh ti mt nc (tip cn th trng) hoc phn nh cc bin php phn bit i x vi cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi (i ng quc gia). Trong mt vi trng hp, cc cam kt s c ghi l Khng (c ngha l khng c bt k ro cn hoc s phn bit i x no) hoc Khng b rng buc (c ngha l khng c cam kt ca cc quc gia lin quan).Ngoi ra, mi thnh vin ca Hip nh AANZFTA cng a ra mt lch trnh cam kt c th trong lit k ra nhng cam kt v tip cn th trng v i ng quc gia m quc gia thnh vin chun b sn sng thc hin i vi tng ngnh v tiu ngnh theo cc phng thc cung ng dch v khc nhau c s dng trong Hip nh. b) Dch v ngh nghipTrong lnh vc dch v k ton, Malaysia cam kt cho php t l tng s vn ch s hu nc ngoi tham gia vo cc quan h i tc ti nc ny hoc cc cng ty k ton ca Malaysia ln n 40%; Lo cng cam kt cho php y quyn tm thi ca cc nh k ton Australia; v Philippines cng b rng buc bng cc cam kt cho php cc nh k ton nc ngoi c th hnh ngh Philippines di nhng giy php tm thi c cp bi y ban quy ch ngh nghip ca nc ny.Trong lnh vc dch v php l, Indonesia cam kt s cho php cc lut s nc ngoi lm vic cc cng ty lut Indonesia vi t cch l nhn vin hoc cc chuyn gia lut quc t. Vit Nam cng cam kt cho php cc t chc lut gia quc t tuyn dng cc lut s Vit Nam v cho php cc lut s nc ngoi lm vic ti cc cng ty lut Vit Nam t vn v lut quc t.Trong lnh vc dch v k thut, Malaysia cam kt cho php t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip lin doanh a ngnh ln ti 30%; Lo cho php t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi ln n 70% trong qu trnh xy dng cc d n cha kha trao tay v sn xut, cp nc v v sinh mi trng; trong khi Philippines cng cam kt cho php cc k s nc ngoi trong cc lnh vc dn dng, c kh, luyn kim v v sinh c th lm vic Philippines di nhng giy php tm thi c cp bi y ban quy ch ngh nghip Philippines.Trong lnh vc dch v kin trc, Brunei cho php t l ti a vn ch s hu nc ngoi ti cc cng ty kin trc nc ny l 40%; Malaysia cho php t l ny ti cc doanh nghip lin doanh a ngnh l 30%; Lo cam kt cho php doanh nghip kin trc vi 100% vn ch s hu nc ngoi; tng t nh cc lnh vc khc, Phillipines cng cho php cc kin trc s nc ngoi lm vic ti Philipines di nhng giy php tm thi do y ban quy ch ngh nghip nc ny cp. c) Dch v gio dcTrong lnh vc gio dc i hc: Lo cho php cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi c php thnh lp cc hin din thng mi vi vn ch s hu nc ngoi ln ti 100%. Malaysia cam kt cho php cc doanh nghip lin doanh vi cc t chc trong nc v gii hn vn ch s hu nc ngoi ti a l 51% (ty thuc vo mc ph hp ca cc kha hc vi cc mc tiu gio dc ca Malaysia). Malaysia cng cam kt cho php nhp cnh tm thi v li vi thi gian ln n 10 nm i vi i tng l cc ging vin, chuyn gia, gio s v cc nh cung cp dch v theo hp ng. Philippines cho php t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi l 40% i vi cc t chc gio dc tham gia vo cc chng trnh lin kt trong cc lnh vc: nng nghip, cng nghip, mi trng qun l ti nguyn thin nhin, k thut, kin trc, khoa hc v cng ngh v cc chng trnh lin quan n sc khe; ng thi cho php thi gian nhp cnh tm thi v li ca cc chuyn gia trong nhng lnh vc ny l 1 nm, ngoi ra c th c ko di thm. Indonesia cam kt cho php cc nh cung cp dch v gio dc nc ngoi hp tc vi cc i tc a phng v thnh lp cc c s gio dc ti cc thnh ph: Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Yogyakarta v Medan. Vit Nam cam kt gim cc yu cu v kinh nghim i vi gio vin nc ngoi bc i hc v trung hc ph thng (ging dy nhng hc sinh hon thnh 9 nm hc bc ph thng) v cc dch v gio dc khc t 5 n 3 nm, v m rng cam kt v cc lnh vc nghin cu c th c cung cp bi cc nh cung cp nc ngoi cam kt trong WTO.i vi cc dch v gio dc khc: Thi Lan cam kt cho php cc trung tm o to ngoi ng c t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi ln ti 49% v cho php cc gio vin ca cc c s gio dc trung hc, i hc, gio dc cho ngi ln (chuyn nghip v kha hc ngn hn) v cc trung tm ngoi ng c nhp cnh (thi gian ti a l 1 nm v c th c gia hn thm). Malaysia cng cam kt cho php cc cng ty lin doanh c 49% vn nc ngoi trong cc lnh vc gio dc tiu hc, trung hc (ph thng v k thut/dy ngh) v cc dch v gio dc khc.d) Dch v ti chnhTrong lnh vc dch v ngn hng, Philippines v Indonesia cam kt cho php t l vn nc ngoi trong vic mua li mt ngn hng ni a ti a ln lt l 55% v 51%. Indonesia ng thi cng tng s lng thnh ph m cc ngn hng nc ngoi v cng ty lin doanh c th m vn phng ln 6 thnh ph (Padang, Manado, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Jayapura v Ambon). Trong khi , Lo cam kt duy tr tnh trng khng c hn ch no v tip cn th trng hoc i ng quc gia i vi cung cp dch v ngn hng thng qua hin din thng mi hoc cung cp qua bin gii.Trong lnh vc dch v bo him, Indonesia cho php cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi ng gp vo vn ch s hu ln ti 80%.Trong cc lnh vc dch v ti chnh khc, Malaysia cam kt cho php t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip lin doanh lnh vc dch v cho thu ti chnh v k hoch ti chnh ti a l 49%.Tt c cc quc gia ASEAN u cam kt ng thc y mnh m hn na minh bch ha v x l kp thi cc n xin cp giy php ca cc nh cung cp dch v ti chnh.e) Dch v vin thngTrong lnh vc dch v vin thng, Lo cam kt cho php cc doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi cung cp hu ht cc dch v, tuy nhin i vi cc dch v th tn, th in t, th thoi v thng tin trc tuyn v phc hi c s d liu th cn phi lin doanh. Malaysia cam kt cho php t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi ti a khi mua li c phiu cc nh khai thc c cp php hin hnh l 49% (vic ty chn mt lin doanh a phng kt hp vi tng s vn nc ngoi ti a l 49% cng b rng buc trong mt s tiu ngnh, v d, dch v in thoi di ng, dch v truyn d liu v tin nhn). Philippines cng a ra nhng cam kt mi trong dch v cho thu h thng mch t nhn, dch v truyn d liu v tin nhn v dch v gi tr gia tng, v d nh th in t, vi ti a vn ch s hu nc ngoi l 40%. Trong khi , Australia quy nh quyn s hu ti a nc ngoi trong Telstra (cng ty vin thng hng u ca Australia) l 35%, s hu c nhn nc ngoi ti a l 5%.Ngoi ra, cc nc cng ng nhng quy nh cnh tranh chuyn nghip, m bo rng cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi c th cnh tranh trn mt sn chi cng bng vi cc nh cung cp ln trong nc nhng ngi c th s hu hoc kim sot cc thit b mng cn thit hoc c s vt cht. Nhng quy nh ny c xy dng v vt xa hn chng tham kho v dch v vin thng ca WTO. Cc quy tc bao qut cc vn gm kt ni, bo v cnh tranh, ng ng cai, cho thu h thng mch, cc quy tc minh bch ha, cc quy nh gii quyt tranh chp v xem xt cc quyt nh iu hnh. Nhng tha thun chuyn tip c p dng cho mt s quc gia c lin quan n mt s quy tc (Brunei, Campuchia, Lo, Thi Lan, Vit Nam).f) Dch v xy dngTrong lnh vc dch v xy dng, Indonesia v Malaysia cam kt cho php t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi ti cc doanh nghip lin doanh ln lt l 55% v 49%. Brunei cho php t l ny cc doanh nghip xy dng l 50%. Trong khi , Lo cho php cc doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi hot ng trong ngnh xy dng.g) Cc dch v lin quan n khai thc m v nng lngTrong cc dch v lin quan n khai thc m v nng lng, Philippines cam kt cho php cc doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi hot ng trong lnh vc thm d v pht trin kh t v du m, ty thuc vo s chp thun ca Tng thng; i vi cc lnh vc: thm d v pht trin a nhit, thm d v pht trin than , vn chuyn ng ng v cc dch v lin quan n phn phi nng lng v in, t l vn nc ngoi cho php l 40% (t l ny c th ln n 100% i vi vic xy dng cc nh my in theo m hnh xy dng vn hnh chuyn giao). Thi Lan cng cho php ti a 49% vn nc ngoi i vi cc doanh nghip cung cp cc dch v t vn lin quan n khoa hc v k thut lin quan n thm d kh t v du m (v d: thm d v kho st a cht v a l).Philippines cam kt cho php cc doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi hot ng xy dng cc d n pht trin khai thc m quy m ln c quy nh trong mt hip nh h tr k thut v ti chnh ca Lut khai thc m Philippines. Indonesia v Malaysia cng thc hin cc cam kt bao qut cc cng trnh xy dng khai thc m. Nhng cam kt ny cho php t l vn nc ngoi ln lt l 55% v 49%, ty thuc vo yu cu lin doanh. ng thi, Lo cng cho php cc doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi thc hin cc cng trnh xy dng lin quan n khai thc m. h) Dch v mi trngRt nhiu nhm ngnh mi c a vo Hip nh AANZFTA nh: bo v khng kh v kh hu, x l nhim v lm sch t v nc, gim thiu rung ng v ting n, bo v a dng sinh hc v cnh quan,v.v... Lo cam kt cho php doanh nghip ton b vn nc ngoi cung cp dch v mi trng thng qua hin din thng mi. Philippines cng c nhng cam kt lin quan n dch v thot nc vi t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi cho php l 40%.i) My tnh v cc dch v lin quanTrong lnh vc my tnh v cc dch v lin quan, Lo v Malaysia cam kt s khng c bt k hn ch no v tip tn th trng hoc i ng quc gia trong vic thnh lp hin din thng mi hoc cung cp dch v qua bin gii. Thi Lan cng c nhng cam kt mi quy nh vn ch s hu nc ngoi ti a l 49% i vi cc dch v lp trnh, dch v bo tr h thng v o to phn mm. j) Du lch v dch v du lchPhilippines cam kt s khng c bt k hn ch no trong vic tip cn th trng hoc i ng quc gia lin quan n c s lu tr, bao gm cc khch sn v khu ngh mt. Malaysia cng cam kt trong cc lnh vc nh hng khch sn, phc v n ung, i l v iu hnh du lch cho php doanh nghip lin doanh vi vn ch s hu nc ngoi ln ti 49%. Trong khi , Brunei cam kt cho php t l ny l 70% i vi cc lin doanh trong lnh vc kinh doanh c s lu tr du lch.k) Dch v vn ti v logisticsAustralia ci thin rt nhiu cam kt trong cc lnh vc hng ha bn l; vn chuyn hng ha ng b, ng st, ng hng khng; vn chuyn hng hi; giy php hi quan hng hi; dch v i l hng hi; vn ti ng b v ng st; dch v kho bi v lu tr; dch v i l vn ti hng ha; v cc dch v h tr v ph tr vn ti khc.l) Dch v y t v n h sinhy l mt phn ngnh mi trong Hip inh AANZFTA nhng khng b rng buc bi cc cam kt theo c 3 phng thc cung cp dch v trong hn ch v tip cn th trng v . Nhng cam kt mi ny s m bo bao gm nhng cng vic thuc xu hng hin ti ca Australia v cc cam kt con ngi.m) Cc cam kt ngang khcMt vi quc gia ASEAN cam kt s ci thin cc cam kt ngang hoc cam kt xuyn ct ca h p dng cho tt c cc lnh vc dch v trong Biu dch v ca h. y ch yu l nhng vn lin quan n u t. Malaysia cam kt mt ngng cao hn l 10 t ringit (ngng ca WTO l 5 t ringit), iu ny s kch thch nhu cu mua li, st nhp hoc tip qun mt doanh nghip Malaysia ca cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. Lo cho php 3 hnh thc hin din thng mi trong lnh vc dch v c lit k trong Biu dch v ca mnh bao gm: doanh nghip lin doanh, hp tc kinh doanh bng hp ng v doanh nghip 100% vn u t nc ngoi. Lo cng cam kt cho php doanh nghip v th nhn nc ngoi c thu t trong thi gian ln n 75 nm v s hu nh trn t thu.2.1.2 Hip nh thng mi t do Hn Quc Hoa K (KORUS)2.1.2.1 Tng quan v Hip nh KORUSHoa K v Hn Quc k kt Hip nh thng mi t do KORUS vo ngy 30/06/2007. Ngy 03/12/2010, 2 nc tip tc a ra nhng cam kt mi, c k kt chnh thc trn vn bn vo ngy 10/02/2011 trong lin quan n nhng c hi mi v tip cn th trng v sn chi cho cc nh sn xut v ngi lao ng Hoa K. Hip nh KORUS c Quc hi M thng qua vo thng 10/2011. Chnh ph Hoa K v Hn Quc thng bo cc tha thun ca Hip nh s chnh thc c hiu la t ngy 15/03/2012. Hip nh KORUS l hip nh thng mi t do ln th hai m Hn Quc tham gia, sau hip nh vi Lin minh Chu u. y cng l hip nh ln th hai vi Hoa K, sau Hip nh thng mi t do Bc M (NAFTA). Bn cnh vic chia s mt s mc tiu chung khi m phn k kt Hip nh KORUS, cc nh lnh o Hoa K v Hn Quc cng tip cn hip nh t nhng quan im khc nhau, iu ny c phn nh trong vic tin hnh v kt qu ca cc cuc m phn. Mc tiu chnh ca Hoa K l tip cn th trng Hn Quc cc lnh vc: sn phm nng nghip, dc phm v trang thit b y t, mt s hng ha cng ngh cao v lnh vc dch v, c bit l dch v ti chnh v dch v ngh nghip nhng lnh vc m cc nh sn xut Hoa K c th cnh tranh trn ton cu nhng nhng ro cn th trng Hn Quc li rt cao. i vi Hn Quc, mc tiu v tip cn th trng khng phi l u tin hng u bi hng ha xut khu ca Hn Quc c s hin din quan trng trong nhng ngnh m nc ny c sc cnh tranh ln, v d nh hng in t tiu dng v t, v nhng ngnh m nc ny ch phi chu mc thu rt thp hoc bng khng t pha Hoa K. Thc t, mc tiu chnh ca Hn Quc l bo v th phn ti th trng Hoa K, khi m h phi chu s cnh trang gia tng t nhng nh sn xut mi ni n t ng nh Thi Lan, Malaysia, Vit Nam v c th l c Trung Quc. Thng qua Hip nh KORUS, gn 80% cc loi hng tiu dng v hng cng nghip ca Hoa K xut khu sang Hn Quc s c min thu t ngy 15/03/2012; v gn 95% cc hng ha tiu dng v hng cng nghip thng mi song phng gia 2 bn s c min thu trong vng 5 nm k t ngy hip nh c hiu lc. Hu ht cc loi thu cn li s c loi b trong vng 10 nm. Hip nh cng loi b cc ro cn phi thu quan, k c trong lnh vc t.i vi hng nng nghip, Hip nh KORUS ngay lp tc s loi b thu quan v hn ngch trn mt lot cc sn phm, vi gn 2/3 (theo gi tr) hng nng nghip Hn Quc nhp khu t Hoa K s c min thu k t khi hip nh c hiu lc.Vi lnh vc dch v, Hip nh KORUS a ra nhiu cam kt m rng trn tt c cc lnh vc dch v chnh, bao gm c nhng quy tc tip cn an ton v m rng hn i vi dch v chuyn pht quc t v m ca th trng Hn Quc i vi dch v t vn php lut nc ngoi. Hip nh m ra c hi vic lm cho ngi lao ng Hoa K trong cc lnh vc t chuyn pht n dch v vin thng, dch v gio dc, dch v chm sc sc khe. Chnh v mc cam kt m rng v tnh cp thit nh vy, nn tuy Hn Quc khng phi l thnh vin m phn Hip nh TPP nhng nhng cam kt ca Hip nh KORUS c coi l nn tng Hoa K p dng tham gia m phn Hip nh TPP. Theo cc bo co, c mt s Chng m Hoa K xut quy nh trong TPP ging ht vi ni dung k kt trong KORUS FTA, ni dung nhng chng khc c th ging ti 80%-90%.2.1.2.2 Cc cam kt chung v thng mi dch v trong Hip nh KORUSCt li ca t do ha l Hip nh KORUS a ra mt Danh mc cc bin php khng tng thch v mt Danh sch cc lnh vc v hot ng c bit trong Chng thng mi dch v qua bin gii, theo hai bn cam kt cho nhau hng ch i ng quc gia, i ng ti hu quc, quyn tip cn th trng m v quyn thc hin tt c cc dch v t xa. a) i ng quc giaV ch i ng quc gia, iu 12.2 Chng 12 Hip nh quy nh: Mi Bn phi dnh cho nh cung cp dch v ca Bn kia i ng khng km thun li hn, trong cng hon cnh, dnh cho nh cung cp dch v ca chnh Bn . iu ny c ngha l, i vi cng mt th trng ni a, ch i ng khng c km thun li hn ch i ng thun li nht, trong nhng trng hp nh vy, ti th trng ni a ca chnh ph, dnh cho nh cung cp dch v ni a.b) i ng ti hu qucV ch i ng ti hu quc, iu 12.3 Chng 12 Hip nh quy nh: Mi Bn phi dnh cho nh cung cp dch v ca bn kia i ng khng km thun li hn i ng, trong cng trng hp, m Bn dnh cho cc nh cung cp dch v ca cc Bn khng nm trong Hip nh.c) Tip cn th trngV tip cn th trng, iu 12.4 Chng 12 Hip nh KORUS quy nh: Khng bn no c thng qua hoc duy tr, trn c s mt khu vc, hoc ton b lnh th ca n, nhng bin php p t nhng hn ch v: S lng nh cung cp dch v, cho d di hnh thc hn ngch s lng, c quyn, nh cung cp dch v c quyn, hay yu cu kim tra nhu cu kinh t. Tng gi tr giao dch dch v hoc ti sn di hnh thc hn ngch s lng hay yu cu kim tra nhu cu kinh t. Tng s cc hot ng dch v hoc tng s lng dch v u ra di hnh thc hn ngch hoc yu cu kim tra kinh t. Tng s lng th nhn hot ng trong mt lnh vc dch v c th hoc s lng mt nh cung cp dch v c th tuyn dng v ngi cn thit, v lin quan trc tip n vic cung cp mt dch v c th, di hnh thc hn ngch s lng hoc yu cu kim tra nhu cu kinh t.d) Khng c s hin din a phngNi dung hip nh cm mi bn yu cu bt k nh cung cp dch v no ca bn kia cn phi duy tr mt vn phng i din hoc bt k hnh thc no ca doanh nghip, hoc thng tr, nh l mt iu kin tin hnh cung cp dch v qua bin gii.e) Quy nh trong ncHip nh KORUS khng ngn vic mt trong hai quc gia yu cu cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi phi c c giy php tin hnh cung cp dch v, hoc trnh khi nhng quy nh a phng. Bt k quy nh trong nc no nh vy phi da trn nhng tiu ch minh bch v khch quan, v d nh nng lc v kh nng cung cp dch v. Th tc cp php bn thn khng th l mt hn ch v cung cp dch v.f) Minh bch haTi Hoa K, khi nim minh bch ha trong quy nh ca chnh ph bt ngun t khi nim ca Hin php quyn c xt x theo trnh t lut php v t khun kh Lut l hnh chnh theo Lut th tc hnh chnh lin bang. Ngoi vic c hn mt chng ring v Minh bch ha, Hip nh KORUS cng c nhng quy nh ring mnh m v minh bch ha trong thng mi dch v. Chnh ph hai bn cam kt trong phm vi cho php c th cng khai trc cc quy nh c xut, cho php mt c hi hp l nhn xt, gii quyt nhng kin nhn c, cng b quy nh cui cng trn mt tp ch chnh thc c lu thng nc , v cung cp khong thi gian hp l gia vic cng b quy nh cui cng v thc hin cc quy nh cc bn lin quan c th iu chnh. Hip nh cng bao gm nhng quy nh chng tham nhng mnh m, yu cu cc bn thng qua v duy tr cc bin php chng hi l trong thng mi quc t v u t. Cc bn cam kt tip tc duy tr cc hnh pht thch hp v th tc thc thi cc quy tc chng tham nhng ny, v bo v nhng ngi t co bt k hnh vi phm ti no, v cng b trn mt t bo chnh thc c lu thng quc gia. g) T chi li chTng t nh hu ht cc iu c quc t ca Hoa k v thu thu nhp, Hip nh KORUS quy nh mt bn c th t chi nhng li ch ca nhng tha thun song phng i vi cc nh cung cp dch v ca mt bn c s hu hoc iu hnh bi ngi ca mt bn khng thuc hip nh. Tuy nhin, loi tr ny ch p dng khi chnh ph t chi nhng li ch v bn t chi: Khng duy tr mi quan h kinh t bnh thng vi bn khng thuc hip nh (v d nh Bc Triu Tin) C cc bin php trng pht kinh t chng li bn khng thuc hip nh.h) Cng nhnHip nh KORUS cng khuyn khch cc bn cng nhn s gio dc, kinh nghim thu c, p ng yu cu, giy php hoc chng nhn c cp mt quc gia c th. Vic cng nhn ny c th t c thng qua qu trnh hi ha ha hoc nu khng, c th c da trn tha thun chung gia cc quc gia lin quan hoc c th c t ph hp.Mt Bn, nu tham gia mt tha thun nh ni, d l hin ti hay tng lai, s to c hi y cho Bn kia, nu Bn kia quan tm, m phn tham gia vo tha thun , hoc mt tha thun c th so snh c vi n. Trng hp mt bn nh cng nhn t ng, phi dnh c hi cho cc bn khc chng minh rng s gio dc, kinh nghim, giy php, chng nhn, hoc p ng yu cu trong lnh th ca Bn kia cng phi c cng nhn.2.1.2.3 Cam kt c th v cc lnh vc thng mi dch v ca Hip nh KORUSThng mi dch v c vai tr quan trng trong quan h thng mi song phng Hn Quc Hoa K. Nm 2009, gi tr cc dch v xut khu ca M qua bin gii ti Hn Quc l 12,6 t la, trong khi gi tr nhp khu l 6,4 t la, thng d thng mi dch v ca Hoa K l 6,2 t la (Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2012). Hip nh KORUS to ra cho c hai bn nhiu c hi mi v thng mi v u t, bo v nh u t, minh bch ha cc quy nh v rt nhiu li ch khc. Hip nh a ra nhng cam kt quan trng trong rt nhiu lnh vc thng mi dch v, bao gm: dch v ngh nghip, vin thng, dch v nghe nhn, v c bit l dch v ti chnh,v..va) Cch tip cn t do ha thng mi dch v ca Hip nh KORUSHip nh KORUS s dng cch tip cn theo phng php tiu cc (negative list) hay cn gi l phng php chn b. Hoa K v Hn Quc, mi bn a ra cc Ph lc, bao gm cc bin php c coi l khng tng thch vi thng mi dch v theo quy nh ca Hip nh. Cc mc s c m t bao gm cc yu t: Lnh vc: l lnh vc m s thm nhp th trng c thc hin. Ngha v lin quan: quy nh c th iu khon no khng p dng cho cc kha cnh khng ph hp ca php lut, quy nh hoc cc bin php khc c quy nh trong ph lc. Cp chnh ph: ch ra cp chnh quyn duy tr bin php c nu ra. Bin php: xc nh cc lut, quy nh, hoc cc bin php khc m s thm nhp th trng c thc hin. M t: thit lp cc cam kt, nu c, to ra cam kt t do ha vo mt ngy nht nh s c hiu lc v nhng kha cnh khng ph hp cn li ca bin php m s thm nhp th trng c thc hin.b) Dch v ti chnhHn Quc v Hoa K c mi iu kin thun li thc y quan h thng mi nh nhng cam kt mnh m v ci cch v dch v ti chnh. Nhng cam kt v dch v ti chnh trong Hip nh KORUS l nhng cam kt mnh m nht cho n nay ca Hoa K vi cc i tc trong cc hip nh thng mi t do. Trong ngn hn, Hip nh KORUS s to ra nhng tiu chun cho th trng dch v ti chnh Hn Quc mt mc gip ti a ha s minh bch ha cc quy nh qun tr ri ro v thc y hp tc php l gia Hoa K v Hn Quc.Hip nh KORUS thc y s n nh trong khu vc thng mi dch v v hp tc quc t. c bit sau nhng cuc khng hong kinh t ton cu gn y, cc tha thun quc t, bao gm cc FTA, l mt phng tin quan trng thc y hn na s hp tc qua bin gii, minh bch ha, kh nng d bo trong lnh vc dch v ti chnh, iu ny c bit rt quan trng tip tc phc hi kinh t ton cu. Hip nh KORUS s m bo xy dng mt h thng ti chnh an ton v lnh mnh, ng thi cng m bo kh nng iu chnh bo m thc hin cc quy nh trong nc. ng thi n cng thc y s cnh tranh v i mi kinh t ton cu mt cch lnh mnh trong lnh vc thng mi dch v. Hn na, Hip nh KORUS bao gm nhng cam kt hin i, tin tin ln u tin trong mt FTA v n s l m hnh quan trng v dch v ti chnh cho cc nc chu khc.Hip nh thit lp nhng cuc i thoi song phng thng xuyn gia cc nh lnh o Hoa K v Hn Quc to ra s hp tc hiu qu hn. Thm vo , cc bin php bo m an ton ngoi l trong chng dch v ti chnh l mt phn quan trng ca tha thun, to ra nn tng cho vic tip cn cc quy nh v ch quyn trong cc giao dch vi i tc. Cc ngoi l ghi nhn quyn v nhu cu ca cc nc iu chnh li ch ca quc gia v ngi tiu dng nc mt cch tt nht, ng thi cng ngn cn mt quc gia phn bit i x trnh cam kt bng nhng cch khc.Hip nh KORUS cng l hip nh u tin bao gm nhng quy nh v truyn d liu, cho php cc cng ty Hoa K chuyn d liu khch hng ca h vo v ra khi Hn Quc, m bo quy nh v minh bch ha, qun tr ri ro v chi ph mt cch hiu qu. Cam kt ny ph v nn tng chu , v l yu t cn thit cho s hot ng rng khp th gii ca cc cng ty dch v ti chnh Hoa K. Ngoi ra, Hip nh cng cho php cc b phn back-office ti Hoa K h tr cho hot ng ca doanh nghip mnh ti Hn Quc. iu quan trng l, Hoa K v Hn Quc ng mt giai on 2 nm trong cam kt ny xc nh, nh gi, v sa i thc tin chuyn giao d liu m bo bo h ti Hn Quc khng km nghim ngt hn so vi bo h ti Hoa K.Hip nh KORUS cung cp y quyn thnh lp, bao gm c lin doanh, cng ty con hoc chi nhnh s hu hon ton, cng nh mt lot cc tiu chun v cc dch v c cung cp qua bin gii. Cc nh cung cp dch v ti chnh Hoa K s c quyn s hu 100% trong lnh vc dch v ti chnh v cc quyn m rng thit lp cc m hnh php l ph hp nht vi m hnh kinh doanh ca h. Tm li, cc t chc ti chnh Hoa K cng c hng rt nhiu li ch t vic tng mc tip cn th trng Hn Quc, kt qu ca nhng ngh v quan trng trong cc lnh vc: Tip cn th trng: Hip nh m bo rng cc t chc ti chnh Hoa K c php thit lp hoc mua li cc t chc Hn Quc v c th chn thnh lp nh mt chi nhnh hoc cng ty con, hoc vi nhng ngoi l gii hn. Minh bch ha v trnh t xt x theo php lut: Hip nh KORUS cam kt mt chnh sch mi ca Hn Quc cung cp nhng hng dn v hnh chnh di hnh thc vn bn hoc cc cuc gi Hn Quc ci thin cc th tc ca nc ny trong vic thng bo v nhn xt v cc quy nh ang c xut. Hi nhp khu vc v qu trnh x l d liu: Nh ni trn, cc t chc ti chnh c php chuyn d liu qua bin gii trong vng 2 nm k t ngy Hip nh c hiu lc, cho php s hi nhp khu vc v qu trnh x l d liu. Cp ca sn chi: Thng qua Hip nh KORUS, Hn Quc s dnh cho cc t chc ti chnh Hoa K ch i ng quc gia, v bao gm nhng yu cu quan trng to nn sn chi bnh ng gia cc cng ty thuc s hu ca chnh ph Hn Quc v cc cng ty thuc khu vc t nhn, cc nh cung cp dch v bo him hp tc chnh ph v doanh nghip t nhn. Sng kin ci cch cc quy nh bo him: Hip nh a ra mt lot cc bin php t do ha n phng, bao gm gia tng tr cp d tr ngoi t v cc ci cch tch cc lin quan n phn phi cc sn phm bo him. Cung cp dch v ti chnh qua bin gii: Hip nh KORUS cho php cung cp qua bin gii mt s dch v ti chnh, bao gm quyn cung cp cho cc qu u t Hn Quc dch v qun l danh mc u t. y ban dch v ti chnh v Nhm lm vic v bo him: Hip nh KORUS to ra din n ny to ra c hi thng xuyn cho Hoa K gii quyt bt k vn quan tm no n cc t chc dch v ti chnh v c bit xem xt s pht trin ca lnh vc bo him trn c s lin tc, c tnh n nhng s thay i trn th trng v trong iu kin cnh tranh nh hng n lnh vc ny. Hp l ha cc chc nng gia cc chi nhnh: Hip nh s m bo cc t chc ti chnh Hoa K ti Hn Quc c nhng quyn ln hn giao nhng chc nng nht nh cho cc chi nhnh ca mnh c trong v ngoi Hn Quc. Bo v u t: Thng qua Hip nh KORUS, mt khun kh php l n nh c thit lp cc nh cung cp dch v ti chnh Hoa K c th hot ng Hn Quc vi s bo v u t mnh m c h tr bi mt c ch trng ti quc t mang tnh rng buc.c) Dch v vin thngV vn tip cn v s dng mng li v dch v vin thng cng cng, iu 14.2.1 Chng dch v vin thng quy nh Mi bn phi m bo nh cung cp dch v ca bn kia c tip cn v s dng bt k mng li hoc dch v vin thng cng cng no, bao gm c mch cho thu, c cung cp trong lnh th hoc qua bin gii, vi cc iu kin v iu khon hp l v khng phn bit i x. Mi bn cng cam kt cc nh cung cp dch v ca Bn kia c th s dng cc dnh v vin thng cng cng di chuyn thng tin trong lnh th hoc ra ngoi lnh th. Tuy nhin cc bn cng c quyn p dng cc bin php m bo an ninh v bo mt thng tin, nhng khng c p dng nh mt bin php phn bit i x ty tin hoc tr thnh hn ch tr hnh i vi thng mi dch v.Ngoi ra, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ca mt bn phi m bo khng phn bit i x trong lnh th ca mnh vi cc nh cung cp ca bn khc v cung cp s in thoi di ng.Hip nh KORUS cng quy nh mt nh cung cp dch v ch cht ca mt bn phi m bo cung cp mt cch kp thi kt ni cho c s vt cht v trang thit b ca nh cung cp dch v ca bn kia m khng c phn bit i x, cht lng khng km hn nh khi cung cp cho chnh cc dch v ca n, hoc cho cc cng ty con hoc cc chi nhnh (iu 14.8.1 (c) Chng dch v vin thng) hoc cung cp theo yu cu v chi ph phn nh chi ph xy dng c s vt cht b sung(iu 14.8.1 (e) Chng dch v vin thng).Ngoi vic loi b nhng hn ch v s hu nc ngoi, a ra cc quy nh v tip cn c s v mng li theo nh hng chi ph v bo v s la chn cng ngh, Hip nh KORUS cn m rng cc cam kt ca Hn Quc trong lnh vc dch v vin thng di ng v bao gm mt quy nh m bo rng cc c quan php lut c lp hon ton vi bt k nh cung cp dch v vin thng cng cng no v cng bng vi tt c cc nh kinh doanh trn th trng.Hn Quc a ra nhng cam kt quan trng m bo m rng vic tip cn th trng cho cc nh cung cp dch v Hoa K trn th trng vin thng Hn Quc. Trong Hip nh KORUS, Hn Quc cho php nh cung cp nc ngoi c quyn s hu gin tip ln n 100% sau ngy c hiu lc ca hip nh, tr trng hp vi hai nh cung cp dch v vin thng ch cht ca Hn Quc l KT Telecom v SK Telecom.d) Dch v ngh nghipV cc quy nh chung, 2 Bn thng nht thnh lp mt Nhm lm vic dch v ngh nghip vi mc tiu to iu kin thun li cho cc hot ng dch v ngh nghip c quy nh trong hip nh. Nhm lm vic c trch nhim xem xt cc vn lin quan n: tng cng s cng nhn ln nhau gia cc c quan chuyn mn, nghip v ca cc bn lin quan; tnh kh thi ca vic pht trin mt quy trnh chun v cp giy php v giy chng nhn cho cc nh cung cp dch v; cc bin php nh hng n cc nh cung cp dch v v khng thng nht vi hip nh; v cc vn khc m hai bn cng quan tm. i su vo tng lnh vc c th, Hip nh KORUS t c nhiu tin b ng k trong cc lnh vc dch v php l, dch v k ton, dch v thu,v.v...Lnh vc dch v php l t c bc tin rt quan trng. Ln u tin Hn Quc m ca th trng dch v t vn php l nc ngoi v cam kt s dn dn m ca th trng ny, cho php i tc nc ngoi tham gia vo th trng. Trc y, lut php Hn Quc quy nh cm cc doanh nghip php lut nc ngoi m vn phng ti Hn Quc, hnh thnh quan h i tc vi doanh nghip lut Hn Quc v tuyn dng lut s Hn Quc cung cp cc dch v c gi l a thm quyn. Khi Hip nh KORUS c hiu lc, Hn Quc s cho php cc doanh nghip lut Hoa K thnh lp vn phng i din ti Hn Quc v cung cp dch v t vn php lut. Khng mun hn 2 nm sau ngy Hip nh c hiu lc, Hn Quc cho php cc cng ty lut Hoa K gia nhp vo cc tha thun c th hp tc vi cc doanh nghip lut Hn Quc cng nhau gii quyt cc v n m bao gm c vn lut php trong nc v nc ngoi v chia s li nhun thu c t nhng v n . V khng mun hn 5 nm sau ngy Hip nh c hiu lc, Hn Quc s cho php cc cng ty lut Hoa K thnh lp cng ty lin doanh vi cc cng ty lut trong nc v tuyn dng cc lut s Hn Quc c cp php hnh ngh vi vai tr nh i tc hoc lin kt. Hip nh KORUS cng m ca th trng Hn Quc i vi dch v k ton v thu tng t nh dch v php l.e) Dch v nghe nhnHip nh KORUS bao gm nhng cam kt ca Hn Quc v vic gim hn ch v ni dung ni a p dng cho cc b phim pht sng v chng trnh hot hnh. Hn Quc cng tng hn ngch dnh cho Hoa K p dng vi ni dung nc ngoi pht sng ti Hn Quc ca mt quc gia. Thm vo , mun nht 3 nm sau ngy hip nh c hiu lc, Hn Quc s cho php nh cung cp chng trnh c 100% vn ch s hu nc ngoi nhng khng c tham gia cung cp chng trnh a th loi, bo co tin tc v mua sm gia nh.f) My tnh v cc dch v lin quanHip nh KORUS a ra nhng cam kt v vic cung cp qua bin gii my tnh v cc dch v lin quan. iu quan trng l, phng php tip cn chn b vi vic a ra mt danh sch cc bin php hn ch s m bo rng, cc dch v mi m trc khng lng trc c, khi c a ra, s t ng c iu chnh theo Hip nh.g) Dch v chuyn phtHip nh KORUS to ra nn tng php l chc chn cho cc nh cung cp dch v chuyn pht, m bo vic tip cn th trng v bao gm cc quy nh th tc hi quan quan trng cho vic chuyn pht.2.2 D bo kt qu m phn Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) trong lnh vc thng mi dch vV lnh vc thng mi dch v trong Hip nh TPP, s gn kt v mt th ch v vn ha l mt vn mi. C th d on rng, mt phn ln cc quy nh ca TPP s i ph vi cc vn pha sau bin gii. Cc tng tc kinh t ngy cng lin quan n cc mi lin kt su sc ln nhau v yu cu cc quy nh quc gia phi c tnh nht qun. S a dng ca dch v v s hn ch ca vic t do ha trong bnh din a phng trc y s lm cho cc cuc m phn kh khn. Cc nn kinh t tin tin mong mun nhng nguyn tc cao v cht ch trong khi cc nn kinh t mi ni c th mun loi tr v chm phi thc thi.Hin nay cha c vn bn Hip nh TPP cui cng, tt c cc vn bn hin nay ch l xut m phn v cc ni dng ny c bo mt. Do , vic d bo kt qu m phn Hip nh TPP trong lnh vc thng mi dch v s da trn cc cam kt c 2 Hip nh tiu biu l AANZFTA v KORUS nh phn tch trn, v d on Hip nh TPP s c mc cam kt khng thp hn cc hip nh . 2.2.1 Cc ngha v c bn ca Hip nh TPP2.2.1.1 Khng phn bit i x gia cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi vi nhau (ngha v i ng ti hu quc - MFN)Ngha v ny c hiu khi qut l Thnh vin TPP phi dnh cho nh cung cp dch v ca mt Thnh vin TPP khc s i x bnh ng nh vi tt c cc nh cung cp dch v ca bt k nc th ba no khc (gm c cc Thnh vin TPP v cc nc khng phi l Thnh vin TPP) trong ton b qu trnh hot ng cung cp dch v. Ngha v ny n cha c ch t ng dnh i x u i nht cho cc Thnh vin TPP, c trong hin ti v tng lai.2.2.1.2 Khng phn bit i x gia nh cung cp dch v trong nc v nc ngoi (ngha v i ng quc gia - NT)Ngha v ny c hiu l Thnh vin TPP phi dnh cho nh cung cp dch v ca mt Thnh vin TPP khc s i x bnh ng nh vi nh cung cp dch v ca nc mnh trong ton b qu trnh hot ng cung cp dch v. V d Vit Nam phi c nhng chnh sch, quy nh i vi cc dch v, nh cung cp dch v t Hoa K bng hoc tt hn cc chnh sch, quy nh p dng cho dch v v cc nh cung cp dch v ni a ca mnh.Trong hip nh GATS, ngha v i ng quc gia (NT) cng l mt ngha v nhng thuc ngha v ring ca mi nc vi mc cam kt khc nhau, cn trong Hip nh TPP, y s l ngha v v iu kin, tt c cc thnh vin u phi tun th. iu ny th hin mc t do ha mnh m ca Hip nh TPP.2.2.1.3 Loi b cc iu kin u t tri vi ngha v i ng quc gia v khng p dng cc bin php hn ch s lng i vi cung cp dch v (ngha v xa b cc yu cu thc hin performance requirements)Tun th ngha v ny, Thnh vin TPP s khng bt buc nh u t phi thc hin mt s yu cu nht nh c cp php u t v/hoc c hng u i u t. C th l: Khng p dng cc yu cu sau y c cp php u t: Phi xut khu mt lng dch v nht nh; Phi t c t l ni a ha nht nh trong hng ha m mnh sn xut; Phi u tin mua, s dng hng ha trong nc hoc hng ha ca nh sn xut trong nc; Ch c nhp khu hng ha vi s lng hoc gi tr tng ng vi s lng hoc gi tr hng ha m doanh nghip xut khu, hoc tng ng vi s lng ngoi t thu c t hot ng u t; Ch c tiu th hng ha, dch v trn th trng ni a vi s lng hoc gi tr tng ng vi s lng hoc gi tr hng ha m doanh nghip xut khu, hoc tng ng vi s lng ngoi t thu c t hot ng u t; Phi chuyn giao cng ngh, quy trnh sn xut hoc kin thc c quyn cho t chc; c nhn trong nc; v Phi bn hng ha v cung cp dch v ti mt th trng nht nh trong khu vc hoc trn th gii. Khng p dng cc yu cu sau y c hng u i u t: Phi t c t l ni a ha nht nh trong hng ha m mnh sn xut; Phi u tin mua, s dng hng ha trong nc hoc hng ha ca nh sn xut trong nc; Ch c nhp khu hng ha vi s lng hoc gi tr tng ng vi s lng hoc gi tr hng ha m doanh nghip xut khu, hoc tng ng vi s lng ngoi t thu c t hot ng u t; Ch c tiu th hng ha, dch v trn th trng ni a vi s lng hoc gi tr tng ng vi s lng hoc gi tr hng ha m doanh nghip xut khu, hoc tng ng vi s lng ngoi t thu c t hot ng u t.2.2.1.4 Loi b hn ch v tip cn th trng i vi nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi (ngha v m ca th trng dch v)Thnh vin TPP c ngha v loi b ton b cc bin php sau y i vi nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi: Hn ch s lng nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi (th d, ch cho php ti a 5 cng ty c vn u t nc ngoi cung cp dch v lai dt tu bin); Hn ch tng gi tr giao dch hoc ti sn (th d, doanh thu trong mt nm hoc tng ti sn khng c vt qu 1 t USD); Hn ch tng s hot ng dch v hoc s lng dch v cung cp (th d, ch c cung cp dch v cho cng ty c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam); Hn ch s lng lao ng; Hn ch hnh thc thnh lp doanh nghip (th d, ch c hin din di hnh thc cng ty hp danh).Theo m hnh ca cc FTA hin nay, phng thc cung cp dch v thng qua hin din thng mi (Phng thc 3 Hin din thng mi) c ghp vo m phn cng vi u t nn Hip nh TPP khng c mt phn ring v m ca th trng i vi phng thc hin din thng mi nh cam kt gia nhp WTO.2.2.1.5 Loi b yu cu phi hin din ti nc s ti c php cung cp dch v qua bin gii (Phng thc 1 v Phng thc 2)Theo ngha v ny, Thnh vin TPP khng c yu cu nh cung cp dch v ca Thnh vin khc phi thit lp vn phng i din, cng ty hay phi thng tr trn lnh th ca mnh c php cung cp dch v qua bin gii. y l ngha v tng t vi iu 5 Chng 12 ca Hip nh KORUS v Hin din ti nc s ti.2.2.1.6 Loi b yu cu v quc tch ca nhn s qun l cao cpTheo ngha v ny, Thnh vin TPP khng c a ra yu cu quc tch c th i vi nhn s qun l cao cp ca doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi (v d nh phi l ngi c quc tch Vit Nam hay quc tch Canada). Tuy nhin, Thnh vin c th yu cu a s thnh vin Hi ng qun tr phi c quc tch c th hoc phi thng tr trn lnh th nc mnh, vi iu kin yu cu ny khng lm nh hng n quyn kim sot ca nh u t i vi hot ng u t. Ngoi ra d bo s c cc quy nh v minh bch ha, t chi li ch hay cng nhn v.v... tng t nh ti Hip nh AANZFTA v Hip nh KORUS m bo mt c ch cc quy nh minh bch, cng bng, khuyn khch cng nhn ln nhau gia cc i tc TPP thc y thng mi dch v.

2.2.2 Cc cam kt c th v cc ngnh dch v 2.2.2.1 Danh mc bo lu cc bin php khng tng thchNh cp trn, cc thnh vin ca Hip nh TPP s tun th 6 nguyn tc c bn trn. Sau , trn c s m phn, mi thnh vin c quyn a ra cc Danh mc bo lu cc bin php khng tng thch vi 6 ngha v. Theo , ngoi nhng lnh vc, vn v bin php bo lu c lit k (v cc ngoi l chung theo quy nh ca Hip nh), cc thnh vin khng c php p dng bt k bin php hn ch no khc. Hip nh TPP cho php mi bn a ra 2 Danh mc bo lu, gm: Ph lc I: gm cc bin php khng tng thch c quy nh theo php lut, chnh sch hin hnh. Mi bin php trong ph lc ny s gm cc ni dung: Ngnh v phn ngnh bo lu Ngha v lin quan Cp chnh quyn M t bin php Ngun p dng ca bin php Ph lc II: gm cc bin php khng tng thch m thnh vin khng mun loi b trong giai on hin ti v mun bo lu lu di. Mi bin php trong ph lc ny s gm cc ni dung: Ngnh v phn ngnh bo lu Ngha v lin quan M t bin php bo lu Bin php hin hnh p dng2.2.2.2 Dch v ti chnhLnh vc dch v ti chnh c d on s l lnh vc c nhng bc tin mnh m nht trong Hip nh TPP. Hu ht cc FTA khc u cp t hoc mc m ca vi dch v ti chnh cn rt d dt. Tuy nhin Hoa K - nn kinh t ln nht trong cc thnh vin Hip nh TPP t rt nhiu k vng vo hip nh ln ny trong lnh vc dch v ti chnh. Theo d on, chng dch v ti chnh ca Hip nh KORUS m Hoa K k kt vi Hn Quc s l tiu chun vng cho cc quy nh v dch v ti chnh trong Hip nh TPP.Do d kin lnh vc dch v ti chnh trong Hip nh TPP s bao gm nhng quy nh v m ca th trng ton b, cho php cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi c thnh lp cng ty 100% vn ch s hu ti nc i tc khc, quy nh v minh bch ha to sn chi bnh ng cho cc nh cung cp dch v c trong v ngoi nc, cho php cung cp mt s dch v ti chnh qua bin gii v d mt s dch v v t vn ti chnh v qun l danh mc u t; v cho php cc chi nhnh ca cc nh cung cp dch v ti nc ngoi c nhiu quyn hn chc nng hn. Ngoi ra cc bn s c nhng quy nh v lnh vc bo him ci cch cc quy nh trong ngnh ny, c ch xem xt s pht trin ca ngnh ci tin cc quy nh ph hp hn. 2.2.2.3 Dch v vin thngV lnh vc dch v vin thng, c th d on rng cc bn s cam kt vi nhau v vic khng phn bit i x vi cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ca nc i tc trong vic s dng mng li hoc dch v vin thng cng cng c cung cp trong lnh th mt nc v qua bin gii. Ngoi ra, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng trong nc cng phi m bo cung cp c s vt cht v cc trang thit b kp thi, khng phn bit i x i vi cc nh cung cp nc ngoi. Con s t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi ca mt doanh nghip cung cp dch v l con s s gy nhiu tranh ci. V c bn hin nay, cc nc ASEAN v Australia u mi cam kt mc cho php doanh nghip c vn s hu nc ngoi chim t 40%-50% tr mt s nc nh Lo i vi mt s tiu ngnh cho php doanh nghip vn ch s hu nc ngoi 100%. Tt nhin Hoa K s mong mun m ca hon ton vi mc cam kt l cho php doanh nghip vn nc ngoi 100% nh trong Hip nh KORUS. D bo c th cc nc s cam kt mc cao l cho php cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng nc ngoi c th s hu gin tip cc doanh nghip vin thng nc khc ln ti 100%. Nhng chc chn s loi tr vi trng hp cc doanh nghip vin thng ch cht ca cc nc v trong mt s tiu ngnh. i vi cc doanh nghip vin thng ch cht ca mi nc, t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi s b gii hn nh hn 50%.2.2.2.4 Dch v ngh nghipi vi lnh vc dch v php lut, ngoi vic cho php cc lut s nc ngoi hnh ngh ti cc cng ty lut ti nc mnh, c th cc quc gia s cam kt cho php cc cng ty lut nc ngoi thnh lp vn phng i din ti nc mnh v cung cp dch v t vn lut. Ngoi ra, theo d on c th cc bn s xy dng mt c ch cho php cc nh cung cp dch v lut php gia cc bn cng nhau hp tc gii quyt cc vn php lut trong nc v ngoi nc. i vi lnh vc dch v k ton, cc quc gia c th s cho php cc nh cung cp dch v nc i tc c thnh lp chi nhnh hoc vn phng ti nc mnh, cc nh k ton c th hnh ngh ti nc ngoi nu c cc chng ch, chng nhn c cng nhn ti quc gia .i vi lnh vc dch v xy dng v kin trc, do trnh mi nc khc nhau nn t l vn ch s hu nc ngoi cho php i vi cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc ny ca mi nc s khc nhau nhng chc chn con s ny s cao hn ca Hip nh AANZFTA.2.2.2.5 Cc lnh vc dch v khci vi lnh vc my tnh v cc dch v lin quan, v c bn cc quc gia s cam kt khng c bt k ro cn no tip cn th trng i vi cc nh cung cp dch v t cc nc i tc ca Hip nh. Nhng lnh vc mi nh dch v y t, dch v nghe nhn, dch v mi trng, v.v... d bo cng s c a vo tho lun, cc cam kt s m bo cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi c tip cn th trng mt cch thun li. iu quan trng l phng php tin cn chn b ca Hip nh TPP lm cho mc m ca ca cam kt rt rng ln, cc bin php c bo lu sau khi ht thi hn bo lu s t ng tr thnh ngha v mi, chu s iu chnh ca Hip nh, m bo Hip nh s lun c tnh mi.

Bng 2.1 Tm tt d bo kt qu cc lnh vc thng mi dch v ca Hip nh TPPLnh vcHip nh AANZFTAHip nh KORUSHip nh TPP (d bo)

Dch v ti chnhT l vn ch s hu nc ngoi cho php mi quc gia khc nhau, a phn dao ng xung quanh 50%, tr Lo cho php tip cn hon ton.M ca hon ton ngnh dch v ti chnh v nhiu quy nh v chuyn d liu qua bin gii, cung cp dch v ti chnh qua bin gii, xt x tranh chp, v.v...M ca hon ton, cho php thnh lp cng ty 100% vn ch s hu nc ngoi v cung cp cc dch v ti chnh qua bin gii.

Dch v vin thngT l vn ch s hu nc ngoi cho php mi quc gia khc nhau, a phn nh hn 49% tr Lo cho php 100%; c ngoi l vi cc cng ty vin thng ch cht ca mi nc.Cho php s hu nc ngoi gin tip ln ti 100% vi cc cng ty vin thng, tr cc cng ty ch cht. Ngoi ra cn cc quy nh v i ng quc gia dnh cho cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi.Cho php s hu nc ngoi gin tip ln n 100%, tr trng hp vi cc cng ty vin thng ch cht ca mt quc gia. Cc nc phi do nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi hng i ng quc gia.

Dch v ngh nghipCho php ngi nc ngoi hnh ngh ti nc s ti theo nhng giy php v tiu chun nht nh. Doanh nghip nc ngoi c php gp vn vi t l nht nh.M ca th trng dch v php l, k ton, thu,v.v... cho php doanh nghip nc ngoi thnh lp vn phng i din v hot ng. Cho php nh cung cp nc ngoi thnh lp chi nhnh, vn phng i din v ngi nc ngoi hot ng ti nc s ti.

Cc ngnh khc

Cho php doanh nghip nc ngoi tip cn di hnh thc gp vn, lin doanh vi nhiu u i m ca.M ca cc ngnh dch v khc vi nhiu u i, cho php cung cp dch v qua bin gii,v.v...Cho php cung cp dch v qua bin gii, thnh lp lin doanh, gp vn ti nc s ti,v.v...

CHNG 3: C HI, THCH THC V KHUYN NGH VI VIT NAM TRONG LNH VC THNG MI DCH V KHI THAM GIA HIP NH I TC XUYN THI BNH DNG (TPP)

3.1 Nhng c hi vi Vit Nam trong lnh vc thng mi dch v khi k kt Hip nh i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)3.1.1 C hi khai thc t th trng cc nc i tc TPPC hi ln nht dnh cho thng mi dch v Vit Nam khi tham gia Hip nh TPP l c hi tip cn th trng. Khi k kt mt FTA, iu ny hin nhin vi vic Vit Nam cam kt m ca th trng dch v ca mnh cho cc i tc khc ca hip nh, ng thi cng ng trc c hi ln tip cn th trng cc i tc. c bit, vi hip nh c mc cam kt m ca th trng mnh m nh Hip nh TPP, Vit Nam s c tip cn th trng dch v nc ngoi thun li hn vi t ro cn v iu kin hn. Tuy thc t nn thng mi dch v ca Vit Nam cn nh b, cc nh cung cp dch v nng lc cn yu km nn cc doanh nghip s kh tip cn ti cc th trng ln nh Hoa K, Australia,v.v... nhng vn cn nhiu li i nh cho thng mi dch v ca nc ta tip cn cc th trng nh hn, c bit l th trng cc nc ASEAN. Chng ta c mt s ngnh dch v c nhng tn hiu kh quan khi xut khu ra nc ngoi nh dch v vin thng; phn mm,v.v... Cc sn phm Vit Nam lun c u th v gi v c cc nh nhp khu nh gi cao. Vit Nam nn tip tc duy tr nhng th mnh ny v m rng phm vi xut khu dch v. V d dch v vin thng Vit Nam hin nay ang chim u th th trng Lo, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng Vit Nam c th p dng kinh nghim ny thm nhp cc th trng ln cn. lnh vc phn mm, thc t y l lnh vc khng lin quan nhiu n cc iu kin yu t bn ngoi, ch yu l yu t ngun nhn lc; cc nh cung cp dch v Vit Nam c th c nng lc chuyn mn tt nhng thiu c hi tip cn th trng; nu gii quyt c yu t xc tin thng mi, Vit Nam hon ton t tin tip cn vi cc th trng ln hn. 3.1.2 C hi khai thc ti th trng trong nc3.1.2.1 C hi thc y ci cch th ch, ci thin mi trng kinh doanh to thun li cho pht trin thng mi dch vi vi mt nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam, c bit lnh vc thng mi dch v cn non tr, h thng php lut v th tc hnh chnh cn nhiu yu km v thiu minh bch. Khi gia nhp Hip nh TPP, Vit Nam s phi tun th cc cam kt xuyn sut nh s hi ha gia cc quy nh php lut, cnh tranh lnh mnh, th tc hnh chnh, vn h tr pht trin doanh nghip va v nh,v.v... iu ny t ng s thc y Nh nc phi c nhng ci cch v php lut, qun l cng, to nn mi trng kinh doanh lnh mnh, minh bch, to thun li cho pht trin thng mi dch v. Khng ch ring cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi c hng li khi tip cn th trng, m chnh cc nh cung cp dch v ni a s c nhiu li ch nht. y s l nhng li ch lu di v xuyn sut cc kha cnh ca i sng kinh t - x hi ni chung, c bit c ngha vi nhm doanh nghip va v nh - nhm doanh nghip chim t trng ln nht trong x hi.3.1.2.2 Thu ht u t t cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi, ci thin quan h thng mi dch v vi cc i tc ca Hip nh TPP Gia nhp Hip nh TPP, vi nhng cam kt v m ca th trng, Vit Nam s tr thnh im n hp dn cho cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi tng cng u t vo nc ta. Vi quy m dn s ln ti 86,9 triu ngi (2010) (Tng cc thng k, 2012) v mt nn thng mi dch v pht trin cha cao, cc i tc nc ngoi, c bit ti cc quc gia pht trin nh Hoa K, Australia, Singapore,v.v... s c nhiu c hi ti th trng Vit Nam. Vic nhiu nh cung cp dch v ra nhp th trng s nng cao tnh cn