2008, vol. 7, 2

Paris 1620 June

MILITARYTECHNICAL MILITARYTECHNICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES COUNTRIES (p.2)

RUSSIA PREPARED RUSSIA PREPARED TO MODERNIZE JORDANS TO MODERNIZE JORDANS SCORPIONS SCORPIONS (p.4)

NIGHT VISION FOR RUSSIAN NIGHT VISION FOR RUSSIAN ARMY VEHICLES ARMY VEHICLES (p.6)

A NEW LEVEL A NEW LEVEL OF BMP1 FIRE POWER OF BMP1 FIRE POWER (p.20)

INDIA PREPARED TO EXPORT INDIA PREPARED TO EXPORT BRAHMOS MISSILES BRAHMOS MISSILES (p.26)

ARMSTASS

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Defense Technologies 2008

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Circulation 12,000

DEFENSETECHNOLOGIES

2008, vol. 7, 2

C O N T E N T S

MILITARYTECHNICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

RUSSIA PREPARED TO MODERNIZE JORDANS SCORPIONS . . . . . . . . . . . .4

NIGHT VISION FOR RUSSIAN ARMY VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

FSUE SRPE Bazalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

A NEW LEVEL OF BMP1 FIRE POWER . . . . . . . . . . .20

ON THE FRONTLINE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES . . . . . .24

INDIA PREPARED TO EXPORT BRAHMOS MISSILES . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

EADS IS PREPARED TO INVOLVE INDIA IN FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND MODERNIZATION OF EF2000 TYPHOON FIGHTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

FRENCH LAND FORCES RECEIVE FIRST TWO TRACKER UAVs . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

ARMS MARKETS, A MAGAZINE FOR ANALYSTS . . . . . . . .30

ARBALETD RADAR AS PROTECTION FOR CIVIL FIXEDWING AND ROTARYWING AIRCRAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

SELECTIVE NONLETHAL WEAPONS . . .34

4

6

20

26

2

10

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 1

One of the priorities in the Rus-sian Federations foreign pol-icy is the military-technical cooperation with foreign countries. Such cooperation creates favorable conditions for building partnerships with other countries on bilateral and multi-lateral bases. Also, this insures the national security and helps to de-velop and equip the national armed forces.

In Russia, Rosoboronexport fed-eral unitary enterprise is a united agency for export and import of de-fense products. It is fully controlled by the state.

In all, 24 organizations act as de-fense traders on the foreign market. Those traders, along with Rosobo-ronexport and Rostekhnologii State Corporation, are entitled by the Rus-sian Federation President to supply-ing spare parts, assemblies, sub-systems, instruments, components,

special purpose, training and support equipment, and technical documen-tation for the previously supplied mili-tary hardware and for such purposes as certification, standardization, ser-vice life extension, repair, moderniza-tion, recycling and training of foreign specialists.

The Russian companies are pre-pared to offer the latest types of weapons to foreign customers. Many products of the Russian defense de-velopers are leaders on the arms markets, for example, S-300PMU2 air defense missile system, Pantsir-S1 air defense gun/missile system, Su-35 and MiG-35 fighters and Yak-130 operational trainer.

The Russian Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation su-pervises and controls the defense cooperation with foreign countries. It is involved in mapping out the na-tional policy in defense cooperation, offers relevant proposals to the coun-trys leadership, and oversees the national policy in and supports the countrys defense cooperation with international defense business. In ad-dition, the Service develops solutions to improving the defense coopera-tion, analyzes the trends on the world arms market, prepares drafts of inter-national agreements for defense co-operation and submits, as per estab-lished procedure, proposals for their conclusion and implementation. Also, it coordinates and controls the work of the domestic operators on the foreign market.

The states methods and means of control of the defense cooperation

are fully in line with the principle of the state monopoly on the defense busi-ness. They are based on licensing, development and manufacture of de-fense products, establishment of the procedure for export and import, and sale and purchase of defense prod-ucts. They also include the issue of permits for defense business and its monitoring in legal and organizational aspects. The aim of control of foreign trade in defense products is to insure the national security and defense and economic capability. Also, this includes the protection of the domes-tic market, the fulfillment of interna-tional obligations to reduce, liquidate and control the sales of conventional weapons and to prevent the prolifera-tion of weapons of mass destruction. The states growing role in the control of the defense business is determined by the necessity to promote Russian defense products to foreign markets in a tough competition and by the in-creasing importance of export control in international relations

The states control of defense ex-ports is becoming of late ever more imperative in the light of war on the in-ternational terrorism. Russias active involvement in international export control enables it to directly shape the international code of conduct on the world arms market, and to promote its interests as a major producer and exporter of weapons.

At present, Russia cooperates in defense with more than eighty coun-tries. Our main partners are China, India, Vietnam, Greece, Algeria, the UAE, Venezuela, Malaysia and oth-

Military-Technical Cooperation between Russia and the European countries

Alexander Fomin,First Deputy Director of Russian Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation

settavts

w

v

daAlexander Fomin

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U2

ers. Also, the countries of Africa and Latin America wish to acquire Russian weapons.

The defense cooperation has its specif-ics in each region. For instance, in dealing with the West European countries (the UK, France, Germany and Italy that are them-selves major exporters of military hardware) Russia has to resolve such an important problem as how to find mutually accept-able terms of cooperation in defense. Even though each of those countries is a tough competitor in the supply of arms and military equipment to the world market, the Russian defense companies can, nonetheless, carry out joint research and development in some defense technologies and cooperate under certain projects. For example, now in prog-ress are the talks with the French companies Thales and Sagem concerning the creation of joint ventures for production in Russia of co-developed assemblies, subsystems and components for their subsequent supply to France and third countries.

Today, Russian defense companies co-operate under aviation programs with such Italian and French companies as EADS, Thales, Sagem and Snecma (Safran group), Finmeccanica and others.

In addition to this, work continues on the building of legal regulatory basis for coop-eration with West-European countries in de-fense matters.

For fulfilling intergovernmental agreements for defense cooperation with a number of West-European countries (Italy, Greece, France, Germany), committees have been formed for military-technical cooperation. These define the prospective trends in the cooperation and elaborate means of its development. Should a problem arise, they seek solutions to solving it. Thanks to this work, now un-derway is a preparation of joint projects for cooperation of our countries defense companies both in own interests and in the interests of third countries.

In defense cooperation with the European coun-tries, the following areas hold promise:

continued building of the legal regulatory basis for defense cooperation;

joint research and development for the creation of modern types of arms and military equipment;

co-production and modernization of arms and mili-tary equipment for third countries;

modernization of Russian arms and military equip-ment, including in compliance with NATO standards, for increasing their operational efficiency and extending the service life.

Life proves the correctness of the chosen pattern of de-fense cooperation between Russia and foreign countries.

Over the last years Russias system of defense coop-eration has passed the test of time. It has considerably expanded the area of its activities, duly contributing to the creation of essentially new types of defense products. It has fostered Russias defense capability and international security. DT

S-300PMU radar

Navalized BMP-3F vehicle

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 3

At the 7th International Spe-cial Operations Forces Equipment exhibition (SOFEX-2008) held on 31 March 3 April Abdullah II, King of the Hash-emite Kingdom of Jordan, was in-troduced to a life-size mockup of a modernized Scorpion light tank. The mockup was on display in the Jorda-nian pavilion at the stand of the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau (KADDB). Its developer is the Jordan-Russian Electronic Systems Co. (JRESCO joint venture) headed by Mark Voloshin. Promoted by the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSVTS of Russia) and Rosoboronexport Federal State Uni-tary Enterprise, the upgrade package can dramatically change operational and technical characteristics of Jor-dans 35 in-service Scorpion tanks. The modernization is supposed to be carried out in Jordan, using compo-nents and subsystems manufactured by Russian companies. Experts be-lieve that the implementation of the program will foster Jordans defense industry, in particular, its defense re-pair facilities. If the 35 Scorpion tanks are modernized successfully, Jordan might be interested in acquiring and upgrading an extra number of such tanks at its facilities.

At present, Jordan has declared a tender to modernize its Scorpion tanks. In addition to Russia, France, too, participates in it. At the SOFEX-2008 exhibition the French could pres-ent only a model of the tanks turret, whereas the Russo-Jordanian JRES-CO demonstrated a life-size mockup of the tank. Moreover, the Russians

The modernization is planned to be carried out jointly with France, with which Russia develops the military-technical cooperation

Russia prepared to modernize Jordans ScorpionsNikolai Novichkov

Modernized Scorpion light tank mockupModernized Scorpion light tank mockup

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U4

have started manufacturing a prototype of the modernized tank at the Chelyabinsk-based Elektromashina Production Association. The prototype is due to appear at the IDEX-2009 exhibition in the United Arab Emirates.

The Scorpion tank modernization project envisions the installation of a new turret, fire control system, new diesel engine, improved suspension and a new electric power supply system.

The turret mounts a 30 mm 2A72 cannon and 7.62 mm machine-gun as well as an 81 mm smoke grenade launch-er, four Kornet anti-tank guided missiles (two on either side of the turret), auto tracking and two-axis stabilization system, thermal imaging sight, laser rangefinder, and an electric drive with a manual backup system.

According to experts estimates, the modernization will enhance the tanks operational capability, improve its op-erational performance and maintainability and extend its service life. Should a decision be taken to modernize the Scorpions, Russia expects an international cooperation, primarily, with the French company Sagem Defense Se-curite (Safran group). MATIS thermal imagers of this firm were demonstrated, for instance, at the MAKS-2007 aero-space show.

We are going to develop the cooperation with Safran on the co-production of thermal imagers and avionics, said Sergey Chemezov, the head of the Rostekhnologii Company, which incorporates Rosoboronexport.

In his words today, the annual amount of Rosobo-ronexports military-technical cooperation with the lead-ing European companies reaches US$ 100 million. This includes both exports and imports. Rosoboronexport or-ders in Europe mostly components for defense products it exports to third countries.

We cooperate with more than ten major defense com-panies of France. But Sagem is one of our principal part-ners, S.Chemezov said.

The head of Rostekhnologii pointed out Sagem De-fense Securite (Safran group) as one of Frances leading companies, with which Rosoboronexport actively cooper-ates in equipping indigenous defense products, offered for export, with some subsystems. Experts believe that the successful implementation of Jordans Scorpion tank modernization project will provide a new impetus to the development of defense cooperation between Russia and France. DT

Sagem-produced MATIS thermal imager

Modernized Scorpion light tank combat moduleModernized Scorpion light tank combat module

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 5

Thales is proud to celebrate the 10th anniversary of its successful cooperation with Russian industry in the field defence optronics. The highlight of 2008 will be the opening in October of the maintenance centre at the Vologda Optical and Mechanical Plant, dedicated to Catherine FC thermal imaging cameras in service on Russian Army armoured vehicles.

Night vision for Russian Army vehicles

Thaless partnership with Russian industry in optron-ics started out 10 years ago when the company launched a joint engineering project with vehicle manufacturers to incorporate the Catherine FC infrared camera in sights built by Belarusian firm Peleng. Over-seen by Russian defence agency Rosoboronexport, this partnership was subsequently expanded to include export markets for both land vehicles and aircraft, such as the Sukhoi 30 equipped with Thaless Damocles laser desig-nation pod for Malaysia.

World standard

Catherine FC has emerged as the world standard in thermal imagers for armoured vehicles, offering a compact solution and excellent performance on the battlefield. Near-ly 4,500 cameras have been ordered worldwide more than 1,000 of them to Rosoboronexport for the T80, T90 and BMP3 vehicles sold in numerous export markets.

Catherine FC is qualified to operate on most Russian armoured vehicles to provide them with a night-fighting capability. The crowning achievement of the cooperation came last year when Rosoboronexport awarded Thales a contract to supply 100 cameras for the Russian Armys tanks, a world first for a western-built system.

Buoyed by recent successes, Russian industry has ex-cellent prospects ahead of it in the coming years, both for

new vehicles and retrofitting vehicles already in service. Thales is proud to be a part of this journey, and is currently proposing its very latest infrared technologies for gunner and panoramic sights.

New maintenance centre

Dedicated to preventive maintenance and repairs for Catherine FC cameras operating on Russian Army ar-moured vehicles, a new maintenance centre designed to meet users availability requirements is scheduled to open in Vologda this October.

The strategic partnership between Thales and Vologda Optical and Mechanical Plant a leading supplier of opti-cal systems in Russia will bring Russian industry greater independence in providing through-life support for high-tech optical equipment.

The maintenance centre is the first step in an ambitious project aimed at jointly developing cutting-edge infrared technologies with Russian industry. Stronger ties with Rus-sian industry are perfectly aligned with the Thales strategy of multidomestic development, which is progressively con-solidating the companys in-country industrial operations and its role as a local technology provider. The planned technology transfers will guarantee Russian industrys in-dependence and develop its expertise in key infrared tech-nologies for the benefit of France and Russia alike. DT

Contact: Thales International Moscow,Mrs Alla Kuznetsova, Vice-President Defence & Aeronauticsalla.kuznetsova@co.ru

Key technologies of interest to Russian industryAs Europes leading manufacturer of optronic systems, Thales offers a full range of infrared technologies, including the 8-12 micron spectrum

for battlefield applications and the 3-5 micron spectrum for airborne and naval applications.

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U6

On the last day of Jordans SOFEX 2008 exhibition (3 April) Russias SPRE Bazalt and the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) signed a contract to supply Jordan with 10,000 training versions of the RPG-32 Hashim rocket-pro-pelled grenade launcher.

Under the terms of the contract, worth around USD2 million, the training launchers are to be delivered by late 2008. Rosoboronexport will then sign a contract with the Jorda-nian army to supply it with 25,000 operational Hashim launchers. Experts estimate this contract to be worth USD50 million.

In future Jordan will produce Hashim grenade launchers indige-nously with Bazalts assistance. Series production will take place at a factory scheduled for completion by 2011.

The Hashim grenade launcher has been developed according to Jordanian specifications by Bazalt, a state-owned research and produc-tion organisation, specialising in the production of explosives and munitions. On the Jordanian side, responsibility for organising the de-velopment of the grenade launcher was led by JRESCO (Jordan-Russian Electronic Systems Co), headed by Mark Voloshin.

At SOFEX 2008 King Abdullah II of Jordan told ARMS-TASS Agency: We are satisfied with our co-oper-ation on the creation of the Hashim grenade launcher. We are looking forward to having it fully integrated into our armed forces very quickly. Recently, I attended evaluation trials

of this weapon by the Jordanian armed forces and I was pleased with its performance.

The RPG-32 Hashim is consid-ered a very promising project that will satisfy Jordans requirements for short-range anti-tank weapons, said King Abdullah. Im hopeful about the future co-operation be-tween Russia and Jordan on the im-provement of the grenade launcher.

Until we reach full production at the manufacturing plant set to be established in Jordan, we will acquire part of Jordan armed forces require-ments directly from Russia, the King added. It is imperative that in the development of the grenade launch-er the efforts of Russia and Jordan be properly co-ordinated. I believe that the Hashim will not be the last product created by the parties and that it can be followed by new joint

developments. We hope for contin-ued co-operation with Russia in this field.

The system is the worlds first multicalibre grenade launcher; it fires both 72 mm and 105 mm grenades out to a range of 700 m. When used against armoured vehicle targets the mean behind-explosive reactive armour penetration of the Hashims 105 mm hollow-charge projectile is 800 mm. Unlike its foreign counter-parts, however, the system is also designed for use against a whole array of other battlefield targets. A thermobaric munition has been cre-ated for the weapon and a fragmen-tation round is also being developed.

The total weight of an action-ready Hashim grenade launcher is 10 kg (including the launcher and sighting unit) and the weapon is 1.2 m long. The launcher has a designed service life of 200 launches, but can actually be used up to 500 times.

Bazalt sources told Janes that a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East, looking to Jor-dan as an example, had expressed an interest in co-developing anti-tank weapons with Russia. The company currently has a number of proposals to develop weapons and munitions to address foreign customer require-ments.

JORDAN ARRANGES PURCHASE OF HASHIM GRENADE LAUNCHERSJanes Defence WeeklyDate Posted: 17-Apr-2008

Portable Grenade Launcher System RPG-32

Nikolai Novichkov JDW Correspondent, Amman

BASIC PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSCaliber, mm 105Length (with container), mm 1200Weight of loaded PGLS, kg 10Weight of launcher (with sight) 3Point blank fire, m 160Sighting range, m 700

Round typeanti-tank

thermobaricSighting equipment optical sight

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U8

C O N T A C T

32, Velyaminovskaya str., 105318, Moscow, RussiaPhone: + 7 (495) 369-0122Fax: + 7 (495) 369-2418E-mail: moscow@bazalt.ruwww.bazalt.ru

Vladimir Korenkov, Director-General, Doctor of Engineering

FSUE SRPE BazaltC O N T E N T S

10 FSUE SRPE BAZALT, A MULTI-FACETED ENTERPRISE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF MILITARY HARDWARE

10 BAZALT BUSINESS PROFILE

13 RUSSIAN CLOSE-IN GRENADE LAUNCHER SYSTEMSThe latest developments

15 BAZALTS ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION15 BAZALT ON THE GLOBAL MARKET16 THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT

17 TODAYS MARKET STATUS

17 THE STRATEGY OF BAZALT

18 TRAINING EQUIPMENT

18 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION

19 NON-LETHAL WEAPON A POWERFUL MEANS OF COUNTERING TERRORISM

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 9

Federal State Unitary Enterprise State Research and Production Enterprise Bazalt was founded in 1938. In April 2008 it turned 70. This is the

worlds acknowledged leader in the development and production of aerial bombs, grenade launchers (for anti-tank, anti-saboteur and other missions), mortar rounds, hand grenades and rounds for self-propelled artillery systems capable of firing shells and mines, including pre-rifled ones.

Bazalt is a leading defense company of Russia, manu-facturing and supplying armaments and munitions for Land Forces (hand-held grenade launchers, mortar rounds, rounds for self-propelled artillery systems, hand grenades, etc.), Air Force (aerial unguided bombs of all types) and the Navy (anti-saboteur grenade launchers).

The Enterprise has developed and established series production of several generations of weapons for land and air forces. Those have been deployed to the Russian armed forces.

The armaments and munitions developed by Bazalt serve with more than 80 countries across the globe. Licenses for the production of 61 types of munitions

Bazalt Enterprise incorporates research, engineering and manufacturing divi-sions as well as various facilities fitted

with modern equipment and located across the Russian Federation. Due to such an orga-nization the Enterprise monitors the complete cycle of product life: design, development, manufacture, testing, putting into produc-tion, supply to Russian and foreign customers, modernization and recycling.

In 1958 Bazalt was appointed as lead agency for coordination of research and de-velopment and for pursuit of a single tech-nological policy in the express production of anti-tank grenade launchers.

As a result, in less than three years the Enterprise had developed the RPG-7 grenade launcher with a PG-7V round. The design of the launcher and its round was so well-

have been handed over to 11 countries, which have built over 20 manufacturing facilities for their manu-facture.

Throughout its history the Enterprise has created more than 800 models of munitions that entered service with the armed forces. In compliance with directions of the Russian President and of the Russian Federation Committee on Military-Technical Cooperation with Foreign Countries, in April 2003 it obtained the right to export sales which included the sale of spare parts, maintenance, repair, modernization and extension of service life of military hardware and the recycling of it. The Russian government decided to create, on the basis of Bazalt, an integrated structure for the production of airborne bombs and close quarter weapons. The re-search and manufacturing assets, the production facili-ties and intellectual capability of the Enterprise enable it to create new generation weapons that are competitive on the world market.

Today, Bazalt seeks to create selective action mu-nitions for the Air Force, Land Force, Navy and other customers.

FSUE SRPE BAZALT, A MULTI-FACETED ENTERPRISE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF MILITARY HARDWARE

BAZALT BUSINESS PROFILE

RPG-7 grenade launcher with rounds

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U10

King to be Abdullah II at the demonstration of the RPG-26 grenade launcher at a firing range in Jordan in April, 1994 (photo from the FSUE SRPE Bazalt archives)

conceived that they have remained in service for over 45 years and still serve with 80 countries across the globe. Many countries have erected facilities for their production. In recent years, the latest models have been developed, for instance, RPG-7 anti-tank multi-purpose grenade launcher and seven modifications of PG-7V round. Among them are modifications with a high degree of commonality with basic models and the same handling and firing techniques that are used on the RPG-7V1 type. The latter can fire a new range of rounds like PG-7VR, TBG-7V and OG-7V which kill all types of targets on the battlefield.

The PG-7VR (caliber 105 mm) is the worlds first grenade launcher

round employing a tandem concept in the design of the shaped charge warhead (WH). This enables it to defeat modern tanks fitted with strap-on explosive reactive armor (ERA). The tandem WH of the PG-7VR round was used success-fully in creating the now in-service jet-propelled anti-tank round for the disposable RPG-27 grenade launcher and the PG-29V round for the RPG-29 launcher. The original design deci-sions of the tandem WH increased the reliability of the round enabling it to penetrate no less than 750 mm of armor by a caliber of 105 mm.

The effect of TGB-7V round with a thermobaric WH is comparable with that of an artillery round or a 120 mm mortar bomb. Its high

efficiency was demonstrated dur-ing anti-terror actions. In a fuel-air explosion the WH of the round produces a powerful shockwave and a high-temperature field with an incendiary capability. In addition, the explosion creates multiple frag-ments whose initial speed is much higher than that of those created by a conventional explosion. The TGB-7V round neutralizes not only unhidden and hidden manpower, but also lightly armored hardware.

The OG-7V round fitted with a fragmentary grenade is particu-larly effective against fire nests in residential and industrial buildings as well as on a cross country. It kills targets by a single round at a range of 300 m.

RPG-27 anti-tank rocket grenade

RPG-29 portable anti-tank grenade launcherRPG-26 anti-tank rocket grenade

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 11

For land forces Bazalt has devel-oped and produces 120 mm rounds for 2S9 and 2S31 self-propelled artil-lery systems, 82 mm and 120 mm mortar rounds for general and spe-cial purposes, hand grenades RGO (defensive) and RGN (offensive) fitted with an impact-time fuze and 30 mm VOG-17, VOG-17M fragmen-tation rounds for AGS-17 and AGS-30 automatic grenade launchers. A family of compact rocket infantry flame throwers has been created for firing different rounds (MRO-A thermobaric, MRO-3 incendi-ary, MRO-D smoke) from within a confined space.

MRG-1, DP-64 and DP-65 anti-saboteur grenade launchers are designed for neutralizing combat swimmers at a distance of up to 400 m. These weapons have no counter-parts in the world.

Bazalt is the worlds acknowl-edged leader in the development of close quarter weapons. It continues to develop advanced weapon types with regard to the trends on the global arms market and of the oper-ating methods employed by troops in local conflicts and anti-terrorist operations.

A soldiers individual weapons rocket-propelled grenades with disposable RPG-26 and RPG-27 launchers and unique (without for-eign counterparts) RSh-1 and RSh-2 rocket-propelled assault grenades fitted with thermabric warheads enable him to successfully neutralize modern armored vehicles, includ-ing those fitted with ERA, lightly armored hardware, fire nests and manpower in fortified structures and on an open terrain.

MRG-1 anti-saboteur grenade launcher

RShG-2 assault rocket grenade

RShG-1 assault rocket grenade

VOG-17M round with fragmentation grenade for AGS-17, AGS-30 grenade launcher

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U12

RUSSIAN CLOSE-IN GRENADE LAUNCHER SYSTEMSFSUE SRPE Bazalt presents the latest developments: the anti-tank grenade launcher with a mount and an optoelectronic fire control unit, the RPG-28 anti-tank rocket grenade and the RMG multi-purpose rock-et grenade.

FSUE SRPE Bazalt

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Caliber, mm 105

Length, mm- in firing position- in traveling position

18501000

The weight of the grenade launcher with an optical sight and a mount (without optoelectronic fire control), g 20

The weight of a mount, kg 8

The weight of an optoelectronic fire control, kg 3

The direct fire range (DFR), m 300

Direct-fire-range hit probability 0.5

Aimed fire distance, m- all-day- at night time

700600

The anti-tank grenade launcher equipped with a mount and an optoelectronic FCU is designed to fire the PG-29V round with a tan-dem shaped-charge WH and the TBG-29 round with a thermobaric WH.

The PG-29V round ensures engagement of all types of tanks (including those fitted with ERA protection) and other armored and soft-skinned targets, as well as suppression of fire emplacement and manpower concealed in brickwork or reinforced concrete buildings and structures or log-and-earth fortifications. The PG-29 round is capable of penetrating over 600 mm of homogeneous armor behind ERA, over 1500 mm of reinforced concrete obstacle, over 2000 mm of brickwork wall and over 3700 mm of log-and-earth obstacle.

The TBG-29V round ensures engagement of manpower and fire emplacements located on open terrain, in fox-holes, in field fortifications or buildings and structures of various types; defeat of lightly-armored and soft-skinned targets.

THE ANTI-TANK GRENADE LAUNCHER WITH A MOUNT AND AN OPTOELECTRONIC FIRE CONTROL UNIT

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 13

The RMG multi-purpose rocket-propelled grenade with a disposable launcher is designed to efficiently defeat lightly-armored vehicle crews, as well as manpower concealed in field fortifications, pillboxes, urban buildings or located in the open. The grenade is fitted with a tandem HEAT WH. At firing against solid brick or reinforced concrete walls it provides a breach which size is sufficient for soldiers penetrating inside.

The grenade uses a non-traditional fuzing device boasting selectivity and ensuring different multi-factor effect depending on the obstacle type.

RMG MULTI-PURPOSE ROCKET-PROPELLED GRENADE

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Warhead

hollow charge high-explosivetandem charge

Caliber, mm 105

Length, mm 1000

Weight, kg 8.5

Aimed firing range, m 600

Obstacle penetration depth, mm: - homogeneous armor - reinforced concrete - brick wall

over 100 over 300 over 500

Products developed by FSUE SRPE Bazalt

The RPG-28 anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade with a disposable launcher is intended for defeating current and advanced tanks and other armored and soft-skinned targets, for suppressing fire emplacements and manpow-er concealed in fortifications or urban buildings. The grenade is fitted with a tandem shaped-charge WH.

The product weight/overall dimension characteristics allow for the system to be used by one operator under all modern battle conditions. The RPG-28 rocket-propelled grenade ensures reliable engagement of current and advanced tanks including those fitted with add-on and built-in ERA. For the first time the RPG-28 system was displayed during the IDEX2007 International Exhibition where it commanded the attention of representatives of Armed Forces of many countries.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Warhead tandem hollow-charge

Caliber, mm 125

Length, mm 1200

Weight, kg 13.5

Aimed firing range, m 300

RPG-28 ANTI-TANK ROCKET-PROPELLED GRENADE

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U14

BAZALT ON THE GLOBAL MARKET Bazalt principal rival in the field of airborne unguided

bombs is the USA. The latter is plentifully represented on the global bombs market by its family of MK80 aerial bombs, including those of the JDAM type (Joint Direct Attack Muni-tion). The Americans believe this is a range of fairly inex-pensive bombs. However, a new tail, control system and fins can be added only at a facility. In a way, this concept is similar to that of Bazalt, differing only in the modularity of-fered by the Russians. This makes it possible to put together the required bomb type on the airfield proper, using a pack-age of modules. The type could vary from a simple gliding or guided bomb to those fitted with inertial and satellite navigation systems.

Any extra operation at the assembly facility involves extra cost. Therefore Bazalt offers a more flexible version which, being cheaper, gives an advantage in the cost-to-efficiency ratio.

Disposable bomb clusters (DBC) (even the rather obso-lete SPBE-D) still outperform the well-known Western-made counterparts. A new generation SPBE-K is a unique aerial bomb without an equivalent abroad. One bomb from Bazalt destroys a platoon of tanks (6 units) on the battlefield. The RBK-500 SPBE-K is a modern version of a sensor-fuzed munition. It can seek not only heat targets, like its previous model, but also cold ones, hidden and camouflaged. It uses a friend-or-foe function, telling friendly tanks from hostile ones or friendly assets from threats. In addition to a bet-ter selectivity it has a greater lethality. So, it will be able to defeat without fail even future armored targets.

The companies of South Africa, Israel, Spain and, occa-sionally, of the former Warsaw bloc (Bulgaria, Poland, the Czech Republic) try to compete against Bazalt at tenders for conventional high-explosive fragmentation bombs. The members of the former Warsaw bloc usually offer for sale the obsolete types of Bazalt aerial bombs. Those cannot com-pete against newly developed bombs of Bazalt, for instance those with pre-formed fragments. In this market segment some resistance to Bazalt products is offered by South African companies. But the South African aerial bombs are roughly twice weaker compared to Bazalt counterparts. In concrete-piercing bombs, including cluster types, Bazalts rivals are, in the first place, the companies of Israel and Spain. Those countries have a number of highly competitive developments, primarily, cluster bombs for destruction of runways. However, in terms of performance, Bazalts RBK-500U BETAB-M cluster bomb is superior to all known counterparts.

RBK-500U BETAB-M

RBK-500 SPBE-D

BAZALTS ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATIONVladimir Korenkov, Director-General, Doctor of Engineering

SPBE-K

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 15

PRESENTS THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTFSUE SRPE Bazalt

The Unified Gliding Cluster Bomb is fitted with an inertial guidance system and satellite correction (similar to JSOW). Its basic version is loaded with SPBE-K sensor-fuzed submunitions equipped with combined (IR+mm) target coordinators to ensure the defeat of a wide range of targets under different battlefield conditions. The weapon boasts the following advantages:

- 24-hour and all-weather application;- drop-and-forget principle of operation;- multi-kill capability for one carrier a/c run over a target;- no information contact with a target is required;- increased payload (over 70 per cent of the PBK weight).The modular WH can also be loaded with modern

submunitions or unitary WHs of various types.

AN AIRCRAFT BOMB PBK-500U SPBE-K

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Diameter, mm 450

Length, mm 3100

Weight, kg 500

Number of submunitions 15

The bomb is used in level flight,pitchup and diving:- altitude, m- speed, km/h

100100007001100

Type of fuze build-in exploder

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U16

THE STRATEGY OF BAZALT

The strategy of Bazalt seeks to convert its 20th century products into those of the 21st. For this purpose it additionally fits its aerial bombs with gliding and correction modules which make it possible to use conventional aerial bombs at a conventional range of 0 to 6-7 km, but at the lowest possible altitude. The simple gliding and correction module attached to the bomb costs no more than the bomb itself. However, it enables the bomb to be used at an altitude of 50 to 100 m at a range of 6 to 8 km, i.e. in an area inaccessible to air defense weapons. The addition to this module of extra drives and inertial and satellite navigation systems converts a conventional bomb into a self-sufficient gliding bomb. This makes it possible to use the bomb in areas safe from the enemy air defense. Its accuracy will vary between 10 and 12 m. Such a method enables Bazalt, on the one hand, to upgrade all the previously supplied bombs and, additionally, to fit those modules to all new Russian bombs during their manufacture. For example, Bazalt offers a unique program for moderniza-tion of FAB-500M62 free-fall bombs that still serve with air forces of many countries.

For modernization program Bazalt has developed a package of dedicated modules

whose installation improves the accuracy and operabil-ity of free-fall bombs. This modernization program is quite competitive since the cost of modernization does not exceed the cost of a new bomb. At the same time, a modernized bomb acquires a totally new capability which turns it into a powerful weapon enabling the pilot of an attack aircraft to avoid an engagement by the enemys air defense. For instance, the flight range of an aerial bomb dropped at an altitude of 200 m reaches 6.5 km. This is equal to what is achieved in dropping a bomb from an altitude of 3.5 km where the aircraft is very vulnerable to air defense.

The products of Bazalt can be used to modernize an arsenal of such bombs, previously supplied to other countries. The modernization program cost is much low-er than the USAs program to upgrade free-fall bombs.

FAB-500M62 with MPK

TODAYS MARKET STATUS

The market for aerial bombs will be increasingly determined by the geopolitical situation and political-military factors in individual regions across the world. The experience shows that any conflict increases the demand for aerial bombs. However, the political aspect aside, the study of current trends and interests leads to the following conclusions.

All the countries wish first to produce and then to develop munitions on their own. Therefore, initially they propose co-develop products, expecting later to establish their production at home. For instance, this has been In-dias policy for quite some time. The Indian AF has a large arsenal of previously supplied aerial bombs and actively upgrades them, including those received from Bazalt.

The transition to high-precision weapons drives up the purchases of conventional munitions, including aerial bombs. This is so because once the air defense is disabled by a high-precision weapon, the real superior-ity is achieved only if conventional weapons are em-ployed. That is why the USA buys tens of thousands of conventional bombs. Practically all the countries wish to fight using inexpensive but efficient weapons. Hence the universal demand for a single round of a single

launcher to reliably neutralize a target. This generates a requirement for a greater lethality of a round, be it frag-mentary, shaped charge or high explosive. Bazalt closely follows these trends. All the new products it offers to the market feature increased lethality as one of it basic characteristics.

One of the segments where Bazalt is not yet pre-sented on a large scale is the transnational cooperation. For instance, India and other Asian nations prefer to purchase bombs or their components in one place, fuzes in another and other elements in a third. After that, the bombs are put together at the countrys assembly facilities. This, indisputably, reduces a dependence of a country on a given supplier and ensures component in-terchangeability. However, this usually affects reliability and effectiveness of munitions, the examples of which are many. Such a policy is damaging to all original developers of munitions, including Bazalt since it cuts down the direct supplies. This applies, in the first place, to old products. Today, as a rule, customers are interest-ed in new developments. To be able to create them Ba-zalt needs the support of the state-sponsored customer and Rosobornoexport as a state-run agency. Without such support Russia may lose, over time, promising mar-kets since it has no new products to offer there.

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W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 17

TRAINING EQUIPMENT

Apart from promoting new products to the world market, Bazalt ac-tively offers training equipment for the entire product line of close quarter weapons. Having just standard munitions in the arsenal is not enough. An army must permanently learn. Each shooter each year must make at least 15 to 20 shots. Therefore retraining and skill maintenance systems must be available. Their principal aim is a true-to-life simulation of handling of all types of grenade launchers supplied by Bazalt. However, the cost of one training shot must be 4 to 5 times lower than the shooting of an inert grenade. Thus it becomes possible either to train more personnel or to cut down the expense of training the former number of operators. Bazalt

actively promotes this philosophy to the foreign market. Today, Bazalt supplies tens of thousands of training units. New contracts have been con-cluded and there are applications for the supply of hundreds of thousands more.

This is important for Bazalt both economically and ideologically since the company can offer this equipment to the markets of those countries that had acquired Bazalt products of non-Russian manufacture. For example, China, Bulgaria, Pakistan and some other countries supply operational Bazalt products along with an inert version of munitions as training aids. They provide their products to a group of customers to whom, until re-cently, Bazalt had no access. Today, Bazalt offers completely new products where they are needed for its systems supplied not by Russia. This is one of the ways to emerge on the lost or hard-to-reach markets with a new gain-ful product. At issue are all types of training equipment for disposable and multiple-use systems. As an operator with a right to independent foreign trade Bazalt can sell virtually all types of training systems to foreign partners under direct contracts. This is particu-larly important in dealing with Asian and Middle East nations since many countries there use Bazalt-made weapons.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION

The intellectual property rights protection in the field of defense developments is a very keen issue for Russia. This problem can be re-solved only with an active support of the state. Today, disorder reigns supreme here. A complex approach must be taken here with reference to all types of weapons. For a start, it is necessary to correct mistakes made in the 1990s that incapaci-tate title holders and prevent them from making a claim and exercising an exclusive right. Russia must join some international conventions and establish intergovernmental bilateral relations with countries that receive its products. Only in this case the Russian companies will be able to protect their trademark and product types, including those being promoted to the market. Today, Russias defense companies are not protected by law. With a number of countries there are no bilateral agreements for intellectual rights protection. Therefore, Rus-sian product types can be cloned and sold to third countries. In solving this problem a special role must be assigned to the Ministry of Justice which should conclude various international acts, and sup-ply products only after this. On its part, dealing in its new products, Bazalt seeks, wherever possible, to patent them. However, this will be effective if only pertinent intergovernmental agreements are reached. Without active work of the state and its bodies, the efforts of individual companies to protect their rights are doomed to failure. Now, Russia is being pressurized over violations of the intellectual property rights. Unfortunately, it can be said that today Russian arms manufacturers suffer more than others from infringements on their intellectual rights.

PUI-27 practice training equipment

PUI-26 and PUI-27 practice training equipment

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U18

netic weapons in the total of non-lethal types does not exceed a few percent. This ratio will remain in the future because the same ends can be achieved by simpler means. All such non-lethal weapons can be used only in a small number of applications and under specific condi-tions. They can come in useful occasionally, but their application is limited.

Any non-lethal weapon is a means of performing a mission without damaging seriously the enemy man-power. Essentially, non-lethal weapon is not a precise term. It would be more precise to define it as a limited lethality weapon since 100% safety is in principle un-achievable. The lethality must be below a certain level. Today, there is no non-lethality criterion acknowledged by the world community. Under consideration is a 25% level. If the lethality rate of some weapon is below 25% it can be classified as non-lethal. In excess to 25% it is a lethal weapon.

The non-lethal weapons in an armys arsenal thwart the foes actions as a reminder that their threats can be adequately countered and they are not invulnerable.

Non-lethal weapons are particularly needed in struggle against international terrorism. Thats where their exporting prospects are the highest. The research and development carried out by Bazalt (both on its own initiative and under orders) give every ground to believe that soon the company will become leader in this seg-ment of the arms market.

NON-LETHAL WEAPON: A POWERFUL MEANS OF COUNTERING TERRORISM

Non-lethal weapons are the most promising arms for the foreseeable future. This is so because in the changed operational environment it is often difficult or even impossible to use conventional weapons. Non-lethal weapons that stop any activity, including hostilities, in a given area, can be used in many applications.

Bazalt can manufacture a wide range of non-lethal weapons. The company offers a selection of such weapons varying from an individual soldiers arms to airborne systems. Today, hostilities usually proceed not on a battlefield with two rows of trenches, but on a difficult terrain in urban and residential areas. The foe often involves the local population in its actions or uses civilians as a live shield. Under such conditions the army cannot use conventional weapons. So non-lethal weap-ons become one of the effective means of fighting the delinquents.

In its developments Bazalt focuses on those types of non-lethal weapons that produce the greatest effect. The traditional non-lethal weapons employ various chemical irritants. This is the most effective method and Bazalt gives priority to it.

The irritants temporarily disable a large number of people, detect an enemy and stabilize the situation without much injury to the local population.

Munitions with irritants do not fall under the regula-tion of the international convention on the prohibition of development, production, accumulation and use of chemical weapons. An indisput-able advantage of such munitions is the reduced number of human casualties and minimized damage to health.

The second principle is the use of various baroacoustic effects. In terms of effect they are close to that of a high explosive charge, but exceed it, producing a shock or paralysis.

The third principle is the use of various disorientating effects.

All other exotic principles that are often resorted to in non-lethal weapons, including laser systems (which, incidentally, are close to prohibition by the convention that bans laser weapons with a blinding effect) are not very effective. For example, the share of electromag-

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 19

In the near future armoured materiel is to retain its leading role in combat operations by land forces both during large-scale operations and local con-flicts. At present the bulk of land-based materiel is made up of light military track and wheeled vehicles of various types featuring various payload capacity. However, most of such combat vehicles do not meet modern requirements in terms of fire power, which is in large degree determined by the composition and characteristics of the equipment as well as by fire control system.

Nevertheless, they possess sufficient armour protec-tion, high maintainability prospects and reliable chassis the life time of which, notwithstanding early production timing, has not elaborated. Russian-made BMP-1 infantry combat vehicle may serve as an example for the aforesaid. BMP-1

The weapon system of the single-seat firing compartment comprises: 30-mm 2A72 automatic gun; Kornet ATGW with laser-beam fire control system, featuring high behind-ERA armour penetration, high firing range and almost absolute jamming immunity from all types of active and passive jamming; 7.62-mm PKT machine gun.

Automated fire control system consists of: sighting-and-guidance device with visual-rangefinding, thermal-imaging and laser channels, featuring biplanar independent line-of-sight stabilization;

ballistic computer; weapon unit stabilization system in two planes; external data sensor system.

Such composition of the automated fire control system provides for execution of the following tasks: gunner-performed target detection and identification by day/night; sighting and rangefinding; firing settings calculation; weapon turn lead and elevation; firing; control of firing control system condition.

size-weight characteristics assured its relatively low vul-nerability in combat and provided for its buoyancy and transportability, including that by air. The ease of vehicle control combined with good cruising range, high reliability and ease of operation significantly expand the range of its combat use. However, system composition and basic performance characteristics do not ensure effective en-gagement of the modern typical targets. That is why the pressing task at present is to up-bring BMP-1 fire power to the level of modern IFVs, and even to outperform them in some characteristics.

In view of the said task KBP Instrument Design Bureau developed and tested Kluiver single-seat combat compart-ment featuring gun-missile weapon system and BMP-1-based automated fire control system.

A NEW LEVEL OF BMP-1 FIRE POWER

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U20

Characteristics BMP-1 Kluiver system

Artillery armament

Caliber, mmRate of fire, rds/minEffective firing range against land targets, m

2A28

738-10

700-1000

2A72

30350-400

1700-2000

Guided weapon system

Control system

Firing range, mArmour penetration as per NATO standard, mm

manual through wire

500-3000

460

semiautomatic laser-beam

100-5500

1100-1200

Fire control system

Laying drivesWeapon stabilizer Weapon laying angles: horizontalvertical

Gunners sight

non-automated

electromechanicalnone

360-4+30

combinedperiscopeday/night(electro-optical)

automated

electromechanicalnone

360-7+50

combinedperiscopeday/nightelectro-optical (thermal-imaging)in-built laser-rangefinder and independent biplanar line-of-sight stabilization

Fig. 2. Hit probablity of M1A2 tank (with ERA)Fig. 1. Hit probablity of M60 tank (without ERA)

Comparative characteristics of standard weapon sys-tems of BMP-1 and single-seat combat compartment are organized into Table 1.

Single-seat combat compartment presents a turret mount installed on the turret race, the dimensions of which correspond to those of the BMP-1, due to this the pos-sibility of its mounting onto BMP-1 without any changes in platform is provided. Installation of single-seat combat compartment onto other platforms, such as APC BTR-80, Pandur, Piranha, Fahd is performed through minor modi-

fications. BMP-1 exterior together with the mounted sin-gle-seat combat compartment and the single-seat combat compartment itself is shown in Fig. 1 and 2.

The basic tasks that were solved by the develop-ment of the single-seat combat compartment:

increase in fire power of the BMP-1 and other light-ly-armoured vehicle platforms for the single-seat combat compartment (guaranteed engagement of pin-point soft land targets manpower and the crews of portable AT-GWs, engagement of lightly-armoured targets, including IFVs and APCs, providing stationery fire and fire on the

Table 1

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 21

move , by day/night, anti-tank/anti-helicopter use) due to new armament and fire control system;

ensured independent use in all combat situations and at individual combat stages assault, enemy attack repul-sion, defence (both independently and in close interaction with tanks);

reduction of crew work load in combat due to combat performance automation;

reduction in the influence of the gunners skills on the firing accuracy, etc.

Solution of the aforementioned tasks makes BMP-1 independent versatile combat asset, incorporating the virtues of the ATGW and those of effective mobile trans-port means. The results of the tests proved that after in-stallation of single-seat combat compartment on BMP-1, the vehicle retains almost the same buoyancy, ease of transportation by air, acceleration-braking characteristics, number of the transported crew members and other basic characteristics.

Let us examine in particular the issue of BMP-1 fire pow-er, since this parameter allows explicit demonstration of the

superiority of the single-seat combat compartment in view of the above-mentioned tasks. Fire power is determined by BMP-1 capability to detect, engage and suppress specified modern targets by the crew and landing troops with the help of stationary armament and personal weapons by expend-ing all ammunition under specified conditions, quantatively indicated by the complex fire power exponent. The choice for comparison fell on BMP-1 and BMP-1 featuring the mounted Kluiver single-seat combat compartment. Com-parison was conducted in accordance with the results of firing trials by calculation and by matching of the relative complex fire power index for these IFVs while performing basic combat operations. The anchor index was the analo-gous figure for BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle. The obtained

results are listed in Table 2.So, BMP-1 with Kluiver single-seat

combat compartment significantly outperforms the conventional vari-ant in terms of fire power. The sug-gested modernization variant permits to engage all modern typical targets in tactical depth by day/night, both stationary and on the move, both in-dependent and while executing con-tinuous tank support almost retaining its basic technical characteristics and chassis rolling characteristics. At the same time the important factor is that the modernization can be carried out in maximum short time on the spot.

The advertorial is based on the

article by Shahov A.A., Kuzhev V.V.,

Panteleev A.L. from KBP DT

Vehicle type BMP-1 BMP-1 with Kluiver single-seat combat compartment

Relative complex fire power index

0.71 2.86

Table 2

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W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U22

A.S. Popov Manufacturing Association of Omsk was founded in 1954. The enterprise specializes in the devel-opment of innovative systems for information transmission and in the introduction of integrated infrastructural deci-sions in automation and control of various economic and governmental activities. Also, it supplies the Russian Fed-eration Armed Forces with modern communication and control systems.

The products of the enterprise are exported to more than 30 countries of the world.

Ivan Polyakov, director-general of the Omsk-based Popov Manufacturing Association gave an interview to the Defense Technologies magazine on the eve of the Euro-satory-2008 exhibition.

DT: The Omsk-based Popov Manufacturing Asso-ciation is totally new to most West European experts. Why didnt you participate in international exhibitions before?

I.Polyakov: Our enterprise permanently participates in many international exhibitions, such as Svyaz-Expocomm, INTERPOLITEX, MILEX and others. Indeed, our products are presented by Rosoboronexport for the first time after a 15-year interval in Europe. There are a few reasons for this.

First off, due to the specific nature of our enterprise we are not independent economic operators. The key role here is played by the state and its authorized agency, Rosoboronexport. They actively strengthen their positions in various market segments, resorting, among other things, to the proliferation of infrastructural standards and the pro-motion of economic interests of Russian companies.

Second, the industries of Eastern Europe are largely based on radio and TV manufacturing facilities in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia built exclu-sively on the basis of technologies provided by the Popov Association of Omsk. Therefore, the main trends in the development of electronics industries in those countries were at one point determined by them. Today, we can offer essentially new design decisions which may inter-est consumers. Third, its time to work on joint high-tech projects in the framework of defense and economic pro-grams. Following the demonstration of the capabilities of our products, for instance during the Combined Endeav-or-2007 Russo-NATO military communications exercise in Germany, the western experts noted such features of our products, attractive to the world market, as novelty and compatibility.

DT: What is so novel about them?

I.Polyakov: We stake on the competition. But its a competition of infrastructural possibilities, not of goods. Our main task is to create not just a novel, but a radically different communications system with new extra capabili-ties and with a new principle of information transmission and data exchange. We guarantee to our customers the

On the frontline of advanced technologies

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W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U24

workability of telecommunications transport infrastructure under all circumstances: from Earth quakes and energy crises to wars, including nuclear ones. Im quite sure that we can and must increase the share of Russian technolo-gies on the world market.

DT: What do you present in Paris at the Eurosato-ry-2008 exhibition?

I.Polyakov: At this exhibition we present our newly de-

veloped product, Mobile Communications System, which assures reliable confidential and rapid communication un-der all circumstances. The system can be used in deserts and mountainous areas at an ambient temperature of 50 to +50, in sandy deserts, excessive humidity, radar and electromagnetic emissions, at an altitude of 4,500 m. Our product helps to rapidly deploy radio-relay, wire- and satel-lite-aided digital communication systems in a given point.

The product can be used for trials in the introduction of new equipment with an established reference point linked with all existing telecommunications networks and with a support of all types of user channels and collective information flows compliant with international standards. The system is designed for maintaining the information exchange between computing stations of communication posts at various levels of subordination. The special de-

sign feature of our system is the possibility of using it on wheeled and tracked vehicles and fitting it with dedicated IT devices as well as with extra protection. The system is at all times ready for use of weapons. The automatic control and handling of the system are assured by a built-in micro-processing device with a memory running on an independent power source, due to which the operating mode can be preserved under all circumstances, including man-made disasters.

DT: What advantages do products of the Omsk-based Popov association offer as compared to its ri-vals?

I.Polyakov: At the moment, as we build our partner-ships, offer our products, services and technological deci-sions on the world market we primarily seek to propose what may pool the efforts of Russian and foreign producers and users of dedicated communications systems. Compe-tition is a notion coming from business. But when at is-sue is the fighting of international terrorism, competition is must be left out. Instead, a search must be undertaken for effective ways and means of resolving the problem. The right policy here is not the competition but the cooperation. Eventually, we all are contributing to the common cause, safeguarding the security for all. DT

Mobile communication system

Acoustic systems

Field-based communication equipment

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 25

The Indo-Russian BrahMos Aerospace Company steadily increases the family of BrahMos supersonic missiles. Dr S. Pillai, Father of BrahMos, noted that by this May the following products have been developed: standardized anti-ship missile, on-shore mobile missile system, ship-based weapon system with BrahMos anti-ship missile; the BrahMos system has been installed on Project 61ME Rajput surface ships; missiles are being placed on other Projects P and P-15A ships and three new Project 11356 frigates of the Indian Navy; a model of the BrahMos missile is being adapted for launching from aircraft and submarines; fifteen flight tests have been car-ried out for a missile launched from ship-based, vertical station-ary and inclined launchers.

A series of 15 successful evaluation trials of the BrahMos missile carried out by May 2008 confirmed the correctness of the chosen concept as well as the reliability, high combat ef-ficiency and operational capability of the missile. This made it possible to embark on the commercial implementation of the project with the manufacture and assembly of missiles in Rus-sia and India.

Mr Pillai the CEO of BrahMos Aerospace for more then a decade from its inception explained that the fifteen test launch-es of the BrahMos missiles were carried out based on various scenarios: from a ship against a ship, from land to ship, from land against land and from a ship against the land. All of them were faultless. This has confirmed the high technical and op-erational characteristics of all four models of the missile.

Today, ship- and land-based missiles have been deployed to the Indian Navy and Land Forces. Also, it is planned to arm the Indian Air Force with airborne missiles.

In the words of Russian President Vladimir Putin, The BrahMos program is an example of a successful Indo-Russian

cooperation which the Russian government has been and will be supporting.

The Land Forces were the second, after the Navy, service to field land-based BrahMos missiles. The ceremony of hand-ing over the first missile battalion of four 3-container self-pro-pelled launchers (SPL) on the Tatra chassis and one combat control vehicle took place in India on 21 June 2007. The entire order to supply BrahMos complex to the army must be fulfilled before the end of 2008. However, Dr Sivathanu Pillai, head of the BrahMos Aerospace Company, said to Aerospace Show News that all of the scheduled deliveries will be made before this date.

Each battalion of BrahMos missiles with four SPLs armed each with three missiles will be able to launch them at twelve various targets within 30 seconds.

Dr S.Pillai noted that BrahMos has turned out to be a world-class product, which puts India among the worlds leaders in this area. He believes, however, that India must not only buy todays best cruise missiles, but also export them to third coun-tries. That is why the company is now actively promoting its BrahMos missiles to the world market.

No developer can afford to lose a competitive edge he has obtained. Therefore, it is essential to actively build up orders and steadily improve the product line, said Dr S.Pillai.

According to Dr S.Pillai, the total demand for BrahMos mis-siles in the next ten years may exceed 1,000 units and BrahMos Aerospace is prepared to manufacture this quantity at Russian

India prepared to export BrahMos missilesNikolai Novichkov

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U26

and Indian facilities. Roughly half of this quantity can be ex-ported to third countries. The potential customers for BrahMos supersonic missiles today are believed to be Chile, Indonesia, Kuwait, Malaysia, the Republic of South Africa, the United Arab Emirates and some other countries. This list has been increas-ing lately and may grow to 10-15 countries.

The Indian experts estimate the market for BrahMos mis-siles at 2,000 units. Its total value will reach around US$ 10 billion.

By now, the total order book for BrahMos missiles envisions the production of more than 1,000 units. The Indian Defense Ministry has paid for several hundred units. Several tens have already been supplied to the Indian Navy and Land Forces.

Today, a joint venture created for the development, produc-tion and marketing of supersonic cruise missiles pursuant to an Indo-Russian intergovernmental agreement signed in February 1998 is actively preparing for testing the new models of mis-siles.

According to S.Pillai, it is planned, before the end of the year, to launch underwater-based BrahMos missiles. In 2009, an airborne version of the missile must undergo trials. Today, under consideration is the provision of a technological platform for test launching underwater-based BrahMos missiles. It is possible that a Russian submarine will be used for this pur-pose. Also considered is the possibility of installing the missile on a new series submarine from those arriving for service with the Indian Navy.

An airborne version is going to be installed first on the Tu-142 aircraft. According to Dr S.Pillai, the feasibility of using it by Su-30MKI fighters has been studied and the system will be operational by 2012, taking into account the pririties of Sukhoi Design Bureau, who are busy with fifth generation aircraft.

The BrahMos cruise missile, now in production, features a designed range of up to 300 km at a flight speed close to M 3. It can carry a conventional warhead weighing 200 to 300 kg. Its ship-based version was inducted for service with the Indian Navy in 2006. In mid last year, the BrahMos cruise missile in-stalled on mobile launchers was handed over to the countrys

land forces. The BrahMos Aerospace developers do not stop at what has been achieved. They are embarking on a project to improve the BrahMos-2 hypersonic missile.

The Russo-Indian joint venture is an important business project. Testifying to this is the fact that early in the year a new production facility joined it. It has been set up, pursuant to the governments decision, on the basis of the federal-owned Kerala Hightech Industries Plant (KELTEC) in Thiruvanan-thapuram (Kerala state) and now named BrahMos Aerospace Thiruvananthapuram Limited. The planned initial investments are 1.25 billion rupees (over US$ 32 million).

The management of BrahMos Aerospace believes that the expansion of the manufacturing capability will make it possible to fill the customers needs more fully. In the near term the new facility will assemble missiles mostly for land forces. DT

Father of BrahMos Dr S.Pillai

Air-launched and land-based mobile BrahMos missiles W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 27

EADS is prepared to involve India in further development and modernization of EF-2000 Typhoon fighter

French land forces receive first two Tracker UAVs

The European airspace concern EADS is pre-pared to involve India in further development and modernization of the EF-2000 Typhoon fighter if the European aircraft is chosen in Indias tender under the MMRCA (Medium Multi-role Combat Aircraft) program. This became known to an ARMS-TASS correspondent at the ILA-2008 exhibition held in Berlin on 27 May-1 June. In addition, EADS plans to involve India as a partner in other programs, including the development of advanced unmanned aerial vehicles and subma-rines.

At present the Euro-fighter consortium is im-plementing a program to supply EF-2000 Typhoon fighters under the sec-ond tranche. The consor-tium member states have

agreed the production of 384 machines in the framework of the first two tranches. The official talks over the terms of purchase of 236 machines under the third tranche are due to finish before the end of the year. If they complete successfully, the first fight-ers of this model will be manufactured in 2013. The

The first batch of the Tracker light reconnaissance UAV (developed by EADS), a part of the DRAC (Drone de Reconnaissance Au Contact) unmanned system must be handed over to the French land forces within the next few weeks.

EADS won a tender held by the French Defense Min-istrys arms procurement department (Delegation Gener-ale pour lArmement, DGA) in mid-2004. The French army plans to receive a total of 160 such systems. In 2005, a contract was concluded with the consortium for the supply of a batch of 25 UAVs. The systems that will be handed over to DGA will soon undergo troop trials prior to ship-ment to foreign customers.

The Tracker UAV is designed for reconnaissance, sur-veillance, identification and monitoring of targets, for issue of target designation and evaluation of target destruction. The UAV measures 1.4 m in length and 3.6 m in wingspan.

At a maximum take-off weight of 7.5 kg it can carry a 1.8 kg payload. The system is carried in two packs and put into operating condition within 15 minutes. It is hand-launched and can operate for 90 minutes within 10 km from the con-trol station at a cruising altitude of 2 to 400 meters.

The vehicle is controlled by a DRAC land-based station that includes two computers: one for processing the in-coming video information, another for controlling the UAV in flight.

In addition to the French Army, EADS concluded a con-tract to supply UAVs to another unnamed customer out-side of Europe. DT

EADS management offers India to join directly the second and third stages of the program.

The Indian Defense Min-istry sent an invitation to the tender under the MMRCA program to the worlds six leading manufacturers. The Indian Air Force plans to deploy the first batch of air-craft by 2012.

Under the terms of the tender its winner is to supply the Indian Air Force with 18 aircraft. A further 108 ma-chines will be license-built at the HAL facilities on the con-dition that the manufacturing technology is transferred. The approximate contract value is US$ 10 billion. It is possible that an extra quan-tity of fighters will be manu-factured. The chosen con-tractor will have to re-invest 50% of the contract value in Indias defense industry. Like Italy, which became the fourth partner under the Eu-rofighter program, India will be able to manufacture part of assemblies and subsys-tems for all members of the consortium. Such a decision will help EADS to resolve the problem of the 50% re-investment and the transfer of the fighter manufacturing technology. DT

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Tracker light reconnaissance UAV

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U 29

Arms Markets, a magazine for analysts

Issued by the ARMS-TASS Information Agency since 2001, the Arms Markets magazine of news and analysis has gained a popularity among experts in the analysis of the development of the global and regional markets for arms and military equipment. This dedicated publication analyzes not only the arms markets but also the main trends in the development of individual types of weapons and issues of military-technical cooperation.

The magazine publishes analysis of results of all the major defense exhibitions, assesses new proposals of various pro-ducers and monitors the situation on the world arms market.

The subject matter of the magazine includes analysis of the world arms market in general and of individual types in par-ticular. For example, the last issues of the magazine featured a comprehensive study of the global market carried out by the ARMS-TASS Agency with reference to several weapon types in 2000-2010 and through till 2015.

The Military Aviation section analyzed the state of the glob-al market by such categories as multi-role fighters, land-based patrol aviation aircraft, AWACS aircraft, aerial tankers, medium and strategic military transport aircraft, and turboprop trainers.

The world unmanned aerial vehicle market is evaluated in three weight and size categories: small, medium and large UAVs.

The world helicopter market is analyzed in three catego-ries: attack helicopters, anti-submarine and marine patrol heli-copters, multi-role and heavy transport helicopters.

The world naval equipment market is analyzed in three categories: non-nuclear submarines, major surface combat ships, boats and troop landing ships.

The world armor market is analyzed in three categories: main battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, and armored mo-tor vehicles.

The analysis of rocket and artillery systems includes: field artillery towed systems, self-propelled artillery systems, multiple launch artillery systems and anti-tank guided missiles.

Air defense systems are analyzed in four categories: long-, medium- and short-range air defense missile systems and man-portable air defense systems.

Each year, a December issue features a comprehensive analysis of the situation on the world arms market in the year under consideration. Special attention is given to the state of and prospects for Russia on the world arms market.

Information is regularly supplied concerning the pattern of the defense spending in the world and in separate regions.

The magazine is interesting for a wide range of readers in Russia and abroad. Those are, in the first place, market-ing experts, military and civilian analysts, specialists in defense industry and foreign trade, executives of the military industrial complex, journalists and all those concerned with the arms trade and military-technical cooperation.

The magazine is published in Russian and English lan-guages. DT

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The Phazotron-NIIR Corporation has developed the Arbalet-D omnidirectional radar to fit planes, heli-copters and other aircraft. The radar of the type is designed for all-round detection of dangerous objects, including missiles, aircraft collision avoidance.

Active protection of aircraft calls for an antimissile de-fence aids suite (DAS).

Such a DAS operates in the following manner: the airborne radar detects the launch of a missile or several missiles, prioritises incoming missiles in terms of the dan-ger they pose and activates the flare dispenser so that flares lure the incoming missile away from the aircraft.

Means that are more effective may be used instead of flares, e.g. blinding the missiles homer or smoke, aero-sol or voluminous distributed absorbent countermea-sures, since common smokescreens are effective in the infrared and optical bands only.

Protecting airliners in the face of the surging terror-ist threat and expansion of passenger services on high-risk routes in Asia and Africa is an urgent problem not only to this country. For instance, the US Transportation Security Administration has been tasked with protecting airliners from surface-to-air missile (SAM) attacks, which calls for fitting every passenger aircraft with a dedicated antimissile system. The Israeli government ordered all Israeli commercial planes equipped with a reliable anti-missile DAS, and such a system protecting airliners from ground fire has been in use for over a decade.

Protection of aircraft from Stinger and other similar man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) includes detecting a missile launch, gauging the incoming mis-siles flight path and degree of the threat it poses, and countering the SAM. To spot a launch immediately under any conditions, it is possible to use missile warning ra-dars detecting missile launches and prioritising incoming SAMs. The Arbalet-D radar acquires incoming SAMs in a wide coverage sector in a fraction of the second.

The research preceding the development of the Ar-balet-D had shown that the UHF band was optimal for omnidirectional radars.

The UHF band ensures the following: all-weather operation despite dust, fog and rain with-

out a drop in the acquisition range; instantaneous reaction to frequency and range am-

biguities during surveillance; longer missile acquisition range over other wave-

bands owing to the incoming missiles radar cross-section (RCS) increase due to the resonant reflection effect.

Unlike the SHF and millimetre bands, the UHF band simplifies the use of various types of antenna systems,

e.g. antenna stations, helicopter mast-mounted dish an-tennas, flat antennas, conformal fuselage-mounted an-tennas and active phased arrays, which, in the long run, allows the use of radars on various aircraft through the use of commonised units.

Such a multitude of engineering solutions is feasible using a multichannel parallel-circuit transistor emitter able both to serve the single antenna emitter and to use this to become the basis for an active phased array. The parallel circuit allows enhanced reliability for emitters and, hence, radars.

Having conducted systemic analysis of problems pertinent to omnidirectional radar design, Phazo-tron-NIIR offered a set of relevant requirements to such radars, including the following:

short target acquisition and reaction time; ease of integration with up-to-date and future avion-

ics suites; short readiness time and ease of operation; a high degree of reliability, low weight and small di-

mensions. Owing to the wide variety of aircraft that have to be

fitted with the equipment under development and given a dearth of room on board, the new omnidirectional radar features modularity, commonality and open architecture. Unlike forward-looking radars traditionally occupying the most convenient place the fuselage nose section, the omnidirectional radar has use whatever room is left on board, with its commonised modular design allowing it to be fitted to various aircraft, even those packed tight with gear. Positioning the antennas for 360-deg. surveillance is a serious engineering problem too. However, Phazo-tron-NIIR succeeded in tackling it by means of conformal adaptable antennas and flat arrays that do not hamper the aerodynamics of aircraft.

Thus, instead of developing radars for every type of plane, the company is developing commonised radar that can be tailored to any type of fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft. This enables the radar to fit both future aircraft under development and those already in service by upgrading the latter. Our radars have open architec-ture allowing them to be beefed up in the future in the functional and hardware terms. Phazotron-NIIR Corp. is ready to make such radars and deliver them to aircraft manufacturers.

The omnidirectional radar based on the Arbalet-D also can be used as part of ground perimeter protection systems. The radars reasonable cost allows the costs of the defences against precisionguided munitions (PGM) to be minimised. DT

Arbalet-D Radar as Protection for Civil Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Aircraft

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organs. Such effects are achieved by small concentra-tions of those compounds varying from 10 to 20 mg/m3. Experiments show that a CQW warhead charged with an irritant can produce, following a post-explosion dispersion, a cloud of active compound with a given concentration on an area 5 to 8 times larger than that covered by a conven-tional anti-personnel munition.

The typical targets of CQW fitted with teargas and irri-tant charges are, in urban warfare, are armed delinquents located in residential and industrial structures, cellars, dedicated reinforced concrete bunkers and various other buildings.

Teargas and irritant munitions can also be used ef-fectively for countering ambushes. In case of a surprise attack on a column, when only direction of fire is known, unaimed return fire of small arms and conventional CQW with a relatively small coverage usually cannot suppress quickly the ambush. The use of CQW munitions fitted with irritants makes it possible to quickly neutralize at-tackers on a large area for a time sufficient for captur-ing them. Calculations show that in neutralization of an ambush, the mathematically predicated munitions are 9.5 standard thermabaric rounds or 3.5 rounds charged with irritants.

The study of tactical performance of in-service CQWs shows that enemy personnel can be neutralized in above-said combat situations most effectively by using teargas munitions manufactured based on a standard round for the RPG-7V1 grenade launcher, a widely used weapon across the world.

A teargas grenade is launched towards a target by RPG-7V1 launcher out to a distance of 50 by 500 m, an optimum aiming range for most weapons of this type. In

SELECTIVE NON-LETHAL WEAPONSIn late 20th - early 21st century more and more border clashes, internal conflicts and local wars broke out. Those were provoked by the grow-ing nationalism, separatism, religious extremism and orga-nized crime. Such armed conflicts and local wars gain in scope and often involve big built-up areas. The hostilities with involvement of armed forces and use of conventional weapons often lead to much ruin and casualties among civilian non-combatants.

In urban warfare, with limited visibility and firing range, quite essential are close-quarter weapons (CQW), such as shoulder-fired multiple- and single-use grenade launchers, under-barrel grenade launchers and hand grenades.

The principal requirements for CQW in such conditions are, on the one hand, high operational efficiency, and on the other the reduction of collateral damage to civilian population and minimization of injury to the infrastructure of the populated area.

The conflicting requirements applied to one weapon can be satisfied by fitting it with a non-lethal warhead. Such a WH must minimize human casualties and the de-struction of infrastructure, neutralizing, at the same time, the foes manpower.

The warhead of non-lethal CQW can use as munitions:

teargas and irritants classified as chemical anti-riot compounds able to neutralize a man temporarily by an in-tense irritation of mucous membranes of respiratory organs and eyes;

fuel-air explosive compounds (gases, liquids) with a fairly weak shockwave, produced by a detona-tion of pre-formed fuel and air mixture, which causes light concussions.

The specific feature of teargas and irritants (CS, CR, CN and others) that can be used for charging warheads of CQWs is their practically instant neu-tralization of a man by impact of their vapor or aerosol on mucous mem-branes of eyes and upper respiratory

W W W . A R M S - T A S S . S U34

Emissions can be created by various means. The most effective of them is a CQW munition with a jamming generator onboard. This produces an ultra-short (from tens of pico-seconds to nano-seconds) electromagnetic emission.

Studies show that it is possible to create a jamming munition weighing not more than 1 kg.

The jamming munition functions as follows. A grenade launcher operator fires a munition towards a target. In flight, at a distance approximately 25 m from the launcher a WH power supply activates. From that instant onward, the jam-ming signal starts to affect the work of receiving sensors, where adverse effect accumulates till it