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12AInterpret relationships (predation, parasitism,
commensalism, mutualism, competition) among organisms
An organisms role in its environment…
• An organisms habitat is the area where it lives.
• In any environment, every species fills a unique niche.
• A niche includes the conditions and resources a species’ needs for survival and how it obtains these resources.
Relationships between Organisms
COM
PETI
TIO
N THE DEMAND BY TWO OR MORE ORGANISMS FOR LIMITED RESOURCES
SUCH AS FOOD, WATER OR SHELTER
PARA
SITI
SMSYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE
ORGANISM LIVES IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM & CAUSES IT HARM
COM
MEN
SALI
SM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS & ANOTHER
ORGANISM IS NEITHER HARMED NOR BENEFITS
Egrets & Cattle
Flowers & Bees
12CAnalyze the flow of matter & E
through trophic levels using various models (food webs, food chains, and ecological
pyramids).
AUTOTROPH• aka PRODUCER • an organism that captures E from
sunlight or chemicals & use it to produce its own food
ex: most plants
HETEROTROPH• aka CONSUMER • an organism that obtains E from the
food it consumesex: humans, snakes, rhino, jaguar
DETRITIVORE• aka DECOMPOSER• Organism that feeds on dead plant &
animal material & other dead matter
SCAVENGER• Animals that eat dead animalsEx: Vultures, Tasmanian devils
FOOD CHAIN • the sequence of who eats whom in a
biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. • starts with the primary energy
source• Ends with the top predator
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID• Represents the producers and
consumers in an ecosystem in a pyramid shaped-diagram.
Biological Magnification
the increasing concentration of toxic substances within each
successive link in the food chain