ENGLISH IV

MS. CLZIANOSKI

Take notes that stress the main idea and details dealing with argument and persuasion

Analyze elements of persuasion, ambiguity and rhetoric

Ambiguity: a statement which has two or more possible meanings.

Rhetoric: conveying to the listener/reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective.

Persuasion: convincing someone/people to believe in or do something.

Persuasion is a broad term, which includes many tactics designed to move people to a position, a belief, or a course of action

We use and see persuasive tactics everyday: opinionated statements, social media, news, advertisements etc.

LOGOS PATHOS ETHOSAPPEALS TO LOGIC AND

REASONING

• Theories/scientific facts

• Statistics

• Historical or literal analogies

• Quotations

• Real-life examples

• Personal anecdotes

APPEALS TO EMOTION

• Emotionally-loaded language

• Vivid descriptions

• Personal anecdotes and

narratives

• Figurative language

• Emotional tone

APPEALS TO CHARACTER

AND ETHICS

• Author’s profession/

background

• Source Credibility

• Morally and ethically likable

• Reasonable, fair-minded

• Appropriate and professional

Definition: an argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research.

An argument is a specific kind of persuasion based on the principles of logic and reasoning

The point of argument and persuasion is to move or influence people/someone to a

belief, position, or course of action.

An issue open to debate

Your position on the issue

Your reasons for that position

Evidence to support your reason Experience, expert opinion, research and statistics

A counterargument and refutation

A Conclusion

Introduction

Thesis Statement

Background Information

Reasons and Evidence

The Counterargument and Refutation

Conclusions

Addressing the opposition demonstrates your credibility as a writer

It shows that you have researched multiple sides of the argument and have come to an informed decision

Remember to keep a balanced tone when attempting to debunk the opposition

In everyday life…Appealing a grade, asking for a raise, applying for a job,

negotiating the price of a new car, arguing in traffic court

In academic life…Defending your ideas, engaging intellectual debate

On the job…

Getting people to listen to your ideas, winning buy-in, getting your boss to notice, getting cooperation, moving people to action

In writing…Irrefutably making your point, writing to be read

In reading and listening…

Critically evaluating other’s arguments, protecting yourself from unethical persuasive tactics, recognizing faulty reasoning when you see it