13 Wagner Storage (1)

8/13/2019 13 Wagner Storage (1)

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The Role of Energy Storage in

Renewable Power IntegrationEmily Fertig

Sharon Wagner

Carnegie Mellon University


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Energy storage can facilitate renewable

energy integration

Source: http://www.environment-green.com Source: http://technorati.com/

Source: http://www.celgard.com/

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Key energy storage research areas include:

Technology-specific issues

Mechanical storage

Electrical storage

Thermal storage

Valuation of energy storage

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Mechanical storage options include:

Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

Pumped hydroelectric storage

Flywheels

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CAES can enable wind to supply quick,

reliable energy

Source: http://www.shpegs.org/cawegs.html5


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CAES has been operating for over 20 years:

Huntorf, Germany: 290 MW (1978)

McIntosh, Alabama: 110 MW (1991)

Iowa Stored Energy Park: 2700 MW (2011)

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CAES has many benefits for renewables

Large storage: smoothes daily variability

Ramps quickly: smoothes hourly variability

More cost-effective that batteries at GWh

scale

Many locations with suitable geology in U.S.

Key research area:

The economic effect of integrating CAES in differentelectricity markets and varying levels of renewable

energy penetration

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Pumped hydro is limited by location

Source: http://www.tva.gov/power/pumpstorart.htm

Key research area:Run-of-river hydro storage (all aspects)

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Flywheels can help with grid angular stability

and voltage support

Produce 100-2000 kW for 5-

50 seconds

Best for high-power, low

energy applications

Source: http://www.powergenworldwide.com/

Key research areas:

Materials development

Cost reduction

Improved manufacture techniques

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Mechanical storage

Electrical storage

Thermal storage


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Batteries are wonderful for renewables,

but expensive

Store and release power

across a broad range of time

scales

Smooth rapid fluctuations

Mitigate daily variability

Key research areas:

Large-scale demonstration projects

Cost reduction

Source: http://www.greencarreports.com/blog/

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could act as

distributed grid storage

Source: http://keetsa.com/

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Daily load leveling

Frequency regulation

Reserve Large-scale use: reduce battery

costs through competition and

mass production

Key research areas:

Quantify the public and private benefit of usingPHEVs for arbitrage

Identify policy incentives necessary to align

consumer behavior with maximum social welfare


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Mechanical storage

Electrical storage

Thermal storage


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Thermal storage can be hot or cold

Source:

http://www.kelcroft.com.hk/news/ice_storage2004103

0.htm

Source:

http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=20

1948

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Demand-side hot storage is usually used

with solar collectors

Store heat energy in hot

water for later use

Reduce electricity demand

for hot water

Source:

http://www.conservationhalton.on.ca/uploads/solar%20water

%20heating.gif

Key research areas:

Quantify potential decrease in electricity demand

from wide-spread useDetermine optimum system size for max

economic returns

ID policy initiatives to encourage more

deployment

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A cold storage system generates ice to

chill water for air conditioning

Shift electricity demand forair conditioning from day to

night

Key research areas:

Quantify potential shift in electricity demand

from wide-spread useDetermine optimum system size for max

economic returns

ID policy initiatives to encourage more

deployment

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Source:

http://www.solarthermalmagazine.com/2010/04/1

2/storing-thermal-energy-a-cool-new-way/


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On the supply-side, storage is usually

coupled with CSP

Source: http://www.volker-quaschning.de/articles/fundamentals2/index.php

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CSP-TES has been operating commercially

for 2 years

Smoothes hourly variation from

clouds Extends plant operation into

nighttime peak demand hours

Source:

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-to-

use-solar-energy-at-night

Andasol 1 in Spain: 50 MW (2008)Key research areas:

Reduce costs

Quantify long-term effect of TES in CSP O&M

costs

Evaluate the profitability of different configurations

Evaluate the effect of different policy initiatives on

decision to use TES with CSP

Compare economic & environmental implications

of TES for different CSP technologies

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Mechanical storage

Electrical storage

Thermal storage


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An accurate valuation of energy storage

should consider:

Air quality and economic benefits of offset generation

capacity

Firming of renewable power to help fulfill RPS requirements

Avoided construction of new transmission capacity andtransmission congestion relief from renewables

Relief of ramping requirements for base-load generators

Overall reduction in cost of ancillary services

Deferral of substation upgrades

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Overall, we recommend that the

Renewelec Project should:

Quantify storage potential, costs and benefits

for different energy storage technologies

Identify how grid and power plant operatorsneed to adapt to support storage

Examine market and regulatory strategies

needed to support storage implementation

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Emily Fertig: [email protected]

Sharon Wagner: [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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13 Wagner Storage (1)