139 Romania Paper 6

7/28/2019 139 Romania Paper 6

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THE EFFECT OF NEGATIVE EXTREME

TEMPERATURES ON BUDS VIABILITY AND

PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL ON THE VINESVARIETIES CULTIVATED IN COTNARI

VINEYARD

M. Mustea1, V. Cotea

1,I. Andor

2Liliana Rotaru

1, A.Dobrei3

1-University of Agronomy Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi,

Faculty of Horticulture;

2-S.C.Cotnari S.A. ,Cotnari, Iasi;

3-University of Agronomy Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of

Timisoara, Faculty of Horticulture.

Key words: vine, Cotnari vineyard, negative temperatures,bud viability, productivity potential.

Abstract: The harmful minimum temperatures during the winter of2005/200, severely affected the buds from grapevines varietiescultivated in Cotnari vineyard; the main bud losses were between

76.7% in the case of Feteasc alb variety but the secondary budshad a better viability, between 20.7% and 32.8%. Bud losses arecompensated by a good viability and fertility of the secondary buds,so that the grape yield was estimated up to 6,457.4 of Gras deCotnari variety, 9,417.8 of Feteasc alb variety.The estimation using the viability and fertility of main and secondary

buds give early and correct information concerning the grape yieldeven after hard winters, and based on this data the vine-growers canestablish the technological costs, the market policies etcetera.

Cotnari vineyard is situated in the north-east region ofMoldavia, with an excessive temperate continental climate, with

absolute minimum temperatures that go down to -25-30o

C and often

endanger the unprotected vineyard culture (2, 3).

The winter of 2005/2006 was characterized by absolute

minimal temperatures, down to -26o

C (February 19th

2006) (table 1),

which had negative effects on the grape vines.

The evolution of the minimal negative temperatures, harmful for the

grape vines, during the 2005/2006 winter in Cotnari vineyard


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MATERIAL AND METHODS

The research was performed at S.C. Cotnari S.A., after the last

harmful temperatures for the grape vine (February 20th

2006), when a

sample of cords from each of the four varieties representatives forCotnari vineyard were harvested: Gras de Cotnari, Feteasc alb.

Each cord was examined on a stereoscope microscope

concerning the viability and the fertility of all categories of buds

from the winter eyes. The viable buds were examined for fertility,

namely for the number and the size of the primordial inflorescences.

The degree of bud differentiation was set based on the

reference stages proposed by Srinivasan C. and Mullins G., 1981 (3).

To compensate the bud losses, the number of buds left on vines

at fructification cuttings was increased , reserving on every vine four

cords of twelve eyes ( buds ) length.

Depending on the number of primordial inflorescences found in

the main and in the secondary buds, the average weight of grapes in

the previous years in Cotnari vineyard, and on the number of buds

left on vine at fructification cuttings, the grape yield that could be

achieved at harvesting time has been estimated. This was calculated

using the following formula:

Q = ( nr x g x c ) x 2/3 x 3500Q- the estimated yield;

nr- the number of primordial inflorescences in buds;

g the average weight of grapes;

c - the number of cords left on vine ( 4 );

2/3 the ratio of viable buds that would vegetate;

3500 - the number of fruitful vine per hectare;

The grape yield was estimated on bud categories ( main and

secondary ), on cane bud position, and finally on vine and per

hectare.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

During the 2005/2006 winter absolute minimal temperatures

went down under the endurance limit of the vine varieties cultivates

on Cotnari vineyard, going down to -24oC (January 23rd 2006), -

25oC (February 18

th2006), and -26

oC (February 19

th2006).

Under these climatic circumstances, the vine varieties

cultivated at Cotnari vineyard reacted well generally, and thishappened probably due to the good wood maturation degree at the


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beginning of the winter and to the gradual temperature lowering,

which did not cause a thermal shock.

There were great bud losses, but differentiated along the length

of the vine cords, and the most affected part was the bottom of thecord.

The main bud losses of Gras de Cotnari variety were of

67.6%, for the middle part of the cord there were losses of 58.3%,

and the bottom of the cord suffered losses of 82.0% of the main buds.

Secondary bud losses were lower, of only 27.8%.

Feteasc alb variety had 76.7% dead main buds, and the

viability of buds was relatively uniform along the cord. Secondary

buds were less affected, with losses of 20.7% of buds with a good

fertility rate, which allows the recovery of the production potential of

vines.

The grape production of Gras de Cotnari variety is based

almost exclusively on the vine shoots formed from the main buds, as

vine shoots formed of the secondary buds are almost always sterile

and have a very low contribution of only 11.8% (table 2) to the

grape production. Still, due to the relatively large grapes

(approximately 190 g), the bud losses, compensated by the

fructification cuttings practically do not influence the varietyproduction potential, which may get up to 6,457.4 kg/ha.

Table 1

Production potential of Gras de Cotnari variety, cultivated at

Cotnari vineyard; February 20th

2006

Average fertility

of buds (nr. of

primordial

inflorescences)

Mass of one

grape (kg)

Estimated grape

production (kg/vine)

Bud

position

a B Total a b c a b Total Yieldkg/ha

1. - - - 0.190 0.116 - - - - -2. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.190 0.116 - 0.050

6

0.062

1

0.112

7

394.4

3. 0.2 - 0.2 0.190 0.116 - 0.1017

- 0.101

7

355.9

4. 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.190 0.116 - 0.101 0.031 0.132 464.4


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7 0 7

5. 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.190 0.116 - 0.2545

0.031

0

0.285

5

999.2

6. 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.190 0.116 - 0.1527

0.0310

0.1837

642.9

7. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.190 0.116 - 0.1017

0.062

1

0.163

8

573.3

8. 0.3 - 0.3 0.190 0.116 - 0.1527

- 0.152

7

534.4

9. 0.3 - 0.3 0.190 0.116 - 0.1527

- 0.152

7

534.4

10. 0.6 - 0.6 0.190 0.116 - 0.3054 - 0.3054 1068.911. 0.2 - 0.2 0.190 0.116 - 0.101

7

- 0.101

7

355.9

12. 0.2 - 0.2 0.190 0.116 - 0.1017

- 0.101

7

355.9

13. 0.1 - 0.1 0.190 0.116 - 0.0508

- 0.050

8

177.8

Total 3.2 0.7 3.9 1.628

9

0.217

2

1.845

1

6457.4

% 82.1 17.9 100.0 88.2 11.8 100.0 -

a main bud; b secondary bud; c- tertiary bud

Table 2

Production potential of Feteasc alb variety, cultivated on Cotnari

vineyard; February 20th

2006

Bud

osition

Average fertility of

buds (nr. of

primordial

inflorescences)

Mass of one

grape (kg)

Estimated grape

production (kg/vine)

a b Total a b c a b Total Production

kg/ha

1. 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.106 0.102 - 0.0847

0.054

3

0.141

3

494.5

2. 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.106 0.102 - 0.0847

0.081

5

0.166

2

581.7


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3. 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.106 0.102 - 0.0847

0.054

3

0.141

3

494.5

4. 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.106 0.102 - 0.1130

0.135

9

0.248

9

871.1

5. 0.5 0.9 1.4 0.106 0.102 - 0.1413

0.244

7

0.386

0

1351.

0

6. 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.106 0.102 - 0.1130

0.081

5

0.194

5

680.7

7. 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.106 0.102 - 0.1695

0.108

7

0.278

2

973.7

8. 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.106 0.102 - 0.2826

0.135

9

0.418

5

1464.

79. 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.106 0.102 - 0.113

0

0.081

5

0.194

5

680.7

10. 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.106 0.102 - 0.1413

0.108

7

0.250

0

875.0

11. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.106 0.102 - 0.0565

0.108

7

0.165

2

578.2

12. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.106 0.102 - 00565

0.054

3

0.110

8

387.8

Tot

al

5.1 4.7 9.8 1.440

8

1.250

0

2.690

8

9417.

8

% 52.0 48.0 100.0 53.5 46.5 100.0 -

a main bud; b secondary bud; c- tertiary bud

The great losses of main buds in Feteasc alb variety are

compensated by the viability and good fertility of secondary buds,

thus the production potential of this grape variety, this specific

varietys production of 9,417.8 kg/ha is given by the main buds 53.5%- and by secondary buds46.5% (table 2).

CONCLUSIONS

- During the 2005/2006 winter the absolute minimal

temperatures that went down to -26o

C (February 19th

2006) severely

affected especially main buds; the losses of main buds were between

76.7% in Feteasc alb variety, but secondary buds had generally a


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good viability, contributing to the recovery of the production

potential of the varieties.

- Great losses of main buds are compensated by cuttings, by the

size of grapes of Gras de Cotnari variety and by the viability andfertility of secondary buds with a good fertility in Feteasc alb.

- The calculated production potential shows that the grape

productions of the varieties of the assortment of Cotnari vineyard

are within normal limits, up to theoretically limits of 6,457.4 kg/ha of

Gras de Cotnari variety, 9,417.8 kg/ha of Feteasc alb variety.

- This estimation using the viability and fertility of main and

secondary buds give early and correct information concerning the

grape yield even after hard winters, and based on this data the vine-

growers can establish the technological elements and costs, the

market policies et cetera.

REFERENCES

1. Mustea M., 1998 Anatomic-Morphologic Studies Regarding the

Organogenisis of the Inflorescences of the Vine Buds of the Varieties

of Cotnari Vineyard Assortment. Doctors degree thesis, Iai.2. Mustea M., Rotaru L., 1995 Reaction of Vine Varieties to the

Low Temperature of the 1993/1994 Winter, recorded in the N-E

region of Moldavia, Scientific works, Horticulture series, vol. 38, p.

108-114.

3. rdea C., Rotaru L., Mustea M., Ilie E., Bbuanu V., 1997 The Effect of the Frosts of the 1996/1997 Winter on the Vine

Varieties Brought to High Shapes in the Climatic Region of N-E of

Moldavia, Scientific Works, Horticulture series, vol. 40, p. 53-61.

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139 Romania Paper 6