16533221 When Arabia Was Eastern Ethiopia 4

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WHEN ARABIA WAS EASTERN ETHIOPIA (Part

4) - by - Dana Marniche

When Arabia was Eastern Ethiopia (Part 4) - by - Dana Marniche

The Afro-Arabian Origins of the Ad, Amalek and Aram, Uz, Saba and Himyar: Ethnohistory of the

Mahra/Shahara/Somali populations

Paradise and Hell were shown to meHell was shown to me, and was brought so close that I

stepped back for fear that it would touch me. I saw a Humayr woman who was tall and black, being

punished on account of a cat that she owned: she had tied it up, not giving it anything to eat or drink,

or allowing it to eat of the vermin of the earth Account of a woman of the tribe of Himyar or Humayr.

Sahee Al Jami 2/298, 2394 a Hadith, al-Jannah wa an-Naar. In The Light of the Quraan and Sunnah.

Compiled by Al Bukhari 9th century from Bukhara Uzbekistan.

Cheikh Anta Diop had commented that the Joktanides (Qahtan) came down from the North

conquering original tribes of Adites basing his belief on modern interpretations of Biblical and Arabian

history. Arabian tradition however affirms that the tribes of Ham, Shem and Japhet were actually

closely related tribes of African affiliation and origination who were originally settled in southwestern

and extending to the region Mecca and Medina.

The modern Mahra extend from Hadramaut to Oman and are found in Somalia. They had clans

named Samudayt (Thamud or Samud) and Mashek (Mashek is also called Mash in the Bible) and

Riyam or Rigam anciently known from their king Rekem or Arkam, Mahli (Mahli the Korahite?) and Idi.

The 13th century traveler Ibn Mudjawir speaks of the Mahra (also called Maheyra, Mahri) living in

those days in Oman as tall and handsome which can also be said of the Mahra of Somalia.

The 1986 new edition of Encyclopedia of Islam says they were of brown complexion with black, often

curly hair . The Rigam or Riyam clan of Mahra is suggested to have come from the peoples known as

the Rhagmanitae or Raymanitae of Pliny 1st century and other Greek writers who are mentioned as

living in Yemen and the Persian Gulf.. (the Rhagmat or Raamah of Biblical tradition). See p. 226 of

Charles Forsters the Historical Geography of Arabia, 1844. According to tradition the leader Rekem or

Rigam (also written in literature Arqam, Rukayim, or Rukaym) was the son of Aram or otherwise, son

of Abir (Heber), Arams brother and a son of Ad who led the Mahra south to the Hadramaut and Oman.

Sir Richard Burton recounted the tradition that, the last king of the Amalek, Arkam bin Arkam was

slain by an army of the children of Israel sent by Moses to purge Madinah and Mecca of their infidel

inhabitants.

Also, Ibn Mudjawir asserted that the Mahra were the remnant of Ad whom when God destroyed the

greater part of them went to live in the mountains of Zufar and Sokotra and al Masirah in the Yemen

and Oman, a tradition elaborated on by Ibn Khaldun and others. Modern Mahra claim descent from

Kudaa son of Himyar, son of Saba of Yemen. See the Encylopaedia of Islam (Der Islam im Spiegel

zeitgenssischer Literatur der islamischen Welt) p. 82 claimed Ibn Ishaq gave the genealogy of Qudaa
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bin Malik bin Himyar bin Saba bin Yashjub bin Yarub (Arab) bin Qahtan(Joktan). (Retso 19 ) The

Himyarites and Sabaeans were considered Adites.

The Samudayt clan of the Mahra, from which came the Tsamud or Thamud, according to tradition

were the 2nd Ad or remnant of the Adites whose power once extended from Sanaa in Yemen to Syria

and Egypt, he is variously called the son of Abir (Eber) or Jathiar (otherwise known as Jetur, Jazar orGezer) or . His land was called Adan or Aden. The Thamud were said to have fought against the

Israelite leader Joshua son of Nun near Mecca. These Adites holding the area of Mecca and Medina

were also known as Amalik or the Amalekites of Rephidim. It was they who according to both Arabian

and Biblical stories met the Yisrael or followers of Moses at a place called Meriba (Exodus 17:7)

which was the Sabaean capital of Marib in Yemen).

According to Muslim commentators this king of the Amalekites, dwelt in the lower part of Mekka El-

Harith, son of the Himyarite ruler Modad (Almodad), king of the Djurham or Darim tribe (Hadoram son

of Shem of Genesis) disputed his control of the sanctuary there. The Hadoram (Adramitae or

Dreematae) are mentioned in Greek texts as Sabaeans.

Masudi in the 10th century wrote of this king saying, The king of Syria, es-Someida, son of Hubar,

(who is Tsamud or Thamud son of Abir son of Malik marched against Joshua, son of Nun, and after

many fights, was killed by the last one, who conquered his kingdom The circumstances of this are

mentioned in the following verses by Awf, son of Saad, the Djorhamite: Havent you seen at Elath

(Elah) the skin of the Amalekite (Someida), son of Hubar (Abir or Abar), put into shreds when he was

attacked by an army of eighty thousand Jews, protected or not by shields? These Amalekite cohorts,

who trained meticulously jumped behind him. One hasnt met them ever since among the mountains of

Mekka, and nobody has seen again es-Someida. See Les Prairies dOr translation The Prairies of

Gold, Chapter 39, Paris 1861.

In Assyrian texts they are the historical Tamudi (circa 8th c B.C. )and in Roman times they are theSaracens called Thamudenioi Equites (equestrian Thamud) who occupied Dumah (modern Dumaat al

Jandal in Jordan where they had also came to be called Idumaeans ( Dumah, child of Ishmael).

Thamuds original home however was far to the south as with the rest of the Ismaelites or North

Arabian bedouin. These second Adites according to some were also those that were ruled by

Lokman, son of Ad and who also left Saba at one of the burstings of the Marib dam of Iram or Aram

(modern Yarim).

When this dam burst not only did they disperse in Arabia, but they went into Africa. Josephus claimed

the people along the Nile as at Meroe were Sabaeans, descendants of Keturah through Jokshan.

Jokshans descendants include Judadas, Ashurim, and Leummim, He mentions the Yudadas, (Dedan)

in Western Ethiopia and the Ashurim (or Surim )of Libya (known to the Romans as Asuriani,Astacures, Astrikes and Saturiani a branch of the camel owning Levathes Maures or Tuareg) as the

tribe who had harassed, conquered and named Assyria under the leadership of Nimrod were also in

Africa. (Asshuran or Chronus as he was called in Greece was a name for the venerated deity also

called Saturn. )

Exodus: Movement of Jah Peoples (The Tribes of Aram move from Saba)


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For those who find it difficult to imagine how so many of the Biblical peoples ended up in Africa under

their ancient names it would be good to look at Kamal Salibis The Bible Came from Arabia first

published in the 1970s. Salibi was actually able to locate hundreds of names of the towns of ancient

Canaan, Israel and Judah cited in the Bible in Arabia explaining why only a handful of Biblical place

names have been found in the modern region of Israel-Palestine and why many modern Biblical

archeologists have even begun to suspect that King Solomon and David themselves never even

existed in the modern Israel.

The book seems to provide more than abundant evidence that the home of the original Jerusalem and

followers Moses, the Canaanites and Phoenicians and Judaeans was much further south in Arabia

then the early Greek interpreters of Hebraic tradition implied they originated. Even such names as

Kush, Kuth and Misra have been by Salibi and others discovered to correlate with the names of

ancient tribes and towns in southern and northern Arabia as much as with Africa and Syria, as will be

shown. At the time of the flooding of the South Arabian dam of Marib (Meriba of the Bible Exodus 17:7)

many of the people dispersed to the north and into Africa. Among them were the followers of a man

named Muzaikiyya also called Amr or Amru bin Amir, who was the Biblical Moses. The descendants of

these people were the Khazras and Aus or Awza (Biblical Gezer and Uz, children of Aram) who settled

in Hejaz in the area of a brook or stream called Kushan or Kishon not long after the time of their leader

Amru bin Amir. Their descendants were called the Kushan or Kassan or Kusim in Syrian dialects. They

were the Biblical Jokshan who was said to be brother of Midian, whom in Habbakuk are called

Kushan.

According to David Goldenberg in, The Curse of Ham, the prophet Habbakuk parallels Kushan with

Midian: The Tents of Kushanthe dwellings of Midian and because scholars have concluded there is

some connection between Kushan and Midian: The Kushan are historically known in the works of

Ptolemy . The same tribe named by Agatharchides as Cassandreis and by Diodorus the Gasandi.

They were located southeast of Mecca and are also called Ghassan. (See Part II for the Midianites or

Ishmaelites to come)

The modern Somali (Samaal), Afar, Danakil and other Cushitic speakers are examples of the peoples

known to historians as Ad or Aad, Amalek, Qahtan, Saba and Himyar kingdoms. Names of their clans

Rahawein, Mahra, Darood, Yahar and Hubir give credence to the documents that state the Sabaeans

migrated to Africa, many of these Baribari also ended up in North Africa. The comments of early

Roman and Greek writers such as Josephus and Strabo become more understandable. They claimed

the Ethiopians of Meroe were actually Arabians or Sabaeans and that everything east of the Nile was

in fact Arabia.

These are the names and people of the ancient tribes of the Sabaeans children of Joktan. According

to the book The Yemen in Early Islam, published in 1988 the clans Rahawein (Ruayn, Rahawiyyin,

Rahawi in early Arabia - Reu) belonged to the Madhhij or Madhhaj. Others clans of the Maddhij were

the Murad or Amurath also called Qaran, Rualla or Ruwalla bin Anaeza , Ans or Anaeza bin Wail,

Nakhl or An-Nakha, Badiah, Ghutayf bin Haritha related to the Ghatafan, Nashirah, Saad al Ashirah,

Zaafar, Zubayd or Zabeida, al Amluk or Amalek was a clan of the Rahawiyin, as was the tribe of

Qataban (Banu Kitaa), and Yafi (Ephah).


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Almost all of these clans are listed in the Genesis of the Bible. They are Reu, Amorites, Reuel son of

Esau, Esau, Hawila, Anoch, Hatepha, Ashira, Zabid, Amalek and Qahit or Kohath and Ephah . It is not

improbable, that Madhhij who are listed with the Maadei who are mentioned in Syrian inscriptions of

the 3rd century B.C. at Nemara are in fact the Madianites especially since the plural of Maadi was

Madan who was called brother of Madian.

The Madhhij or Madhaj were large branch of the Hamdan who in the time of Mohammed were often

mentioned in the southern Arabian area. They are also called the Malik bin Udad who descended from

Yashjub who descended from Kahlan son of Saba.

Hamdan or Hamran as various versions have it was the son of Dishon brother of Dishan (Banu

Jayshan) in Genesis. They are mentioned as descendants of Zibeon, the Hivite or Hivim who are

called Canaanites in the Bible.

Hamdan is in fact brother of Cheran (Qaran) and Eshban (Ishban) whom later Muslim manuscripts

said were the black descendants of Canaan. According to David Goldenberg, Wah ibn Munabbih in

the 7th century, an Iranian descendant born in Arabia (as were many inhabitants of the Yemen of that

time) said the Qaran along with the Barbar (Berber early name for Somali and their descendants in the

Maghreb), Copts, and Zaghawa (Zaghwe of Abyssinia) were descendants of Cush and Canaan while

the Ishban in the book Akhbar al Zaman whose author was thought to be Masudi, 300 years later says

Ishban (Banu Sha ban of Yemen)was a descendant of Kanaan. Thus Qaran and Ishban along with the

70 tribes that multiplied in the Maghrib (the Berber) are descendants of Canaan. Qaran are also called

Murad (Amurath) in various writings. It has been suggested that the name of the Hawiye clan of

Somalia is related to the name of the Hivites. Canaan and its cities were evidently located in southwest

Arabia before its peoples spread north and colonized Syria.

The Banu Zubyan, (called Dhubyan or Dhubaniyya in Sudan) are a well-known tribe whose

descendants live in modern Sudan and Arabia. It is clear that the descendants of Esau, Himyar, Saba,Ad, Amluk, Cush and Canaan are represented by the copper black and dark reddish brown inhabitants

of Somalia, northern Sudan, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Eritrea. However, as we shall see in other

segments the sons of Shem and Japhet in total are in fact well represented by the inhabitants of the

horn of Africa and by Afro-Arabians still in the Arabian peninsula in their lands and places and under

their age-old names.

To Be Continued

Posted in Rastas.

ByDon Jaide

January 18, 2009
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16533221 When Arabia Was Eastern Ethiopia 4