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History of animal tissue

culture and naturalsurroundings for animal cell

MADE BY : NEERAJ CHAUHAN

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Introduction of ATC

Animal Tissue Culture ?

Roux in 1885 for the first time maintained

embryonic chick cells in a cell culture Cell culture was first successfully undertaken by

Ross Harrison in 1907.

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Historical events in the

development of cell culture 130-140 years old.

Arnold (1880)showed that leucocytes can divide

outside body. Roux (1885)- maintained embryonic chick cells in

a saline culture.

Jolly (1903)- studied behaviours of animal cells

immersed in serum lymph . Ross Harrison (1907)- cultivated frog nerve cells

in a lymph clot and observed the growth of nerve

fibers in vitro.

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Lewis (1911) - made the first liquid media

consisted of sea water, serum, embryo extract,

salts and peptones. Carrel (1913) - developed a method for

maintaining cultures free from contamination.

Rous and Jones (1916)

trypsinization andsubculture of explants.

Eagle (1955)development of defined media.

Littlefield (1964) - introduced the HAT medium

for cell selection.

Ham (1965) - introduced the first serum-free

medium which was able to support the growth of

some cells.

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Harris and Watkins (1965) - were able to

fuse human and mouse cells by the use of a

virus.

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Natural surroundings

for animal cell

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Factors which effect the choice

choice of the substrate

1. Cell yield (cell production) For small scale production we use micro titration plates

multi well plates.

Micro titration plate

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Multi well plates

For large scale production we use flask and petri

dishes

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2.Whether the cells are

monolayer/suspension culture -

Monolayer culture Microtitration

plate

Suspension culture Flask

3.VentingAiring to culture.

Also called as aeration.

4.Sampling and Analysis Micro wells are used for sampling.

Two type of microscopes are used for

analysis.

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Inverted microscope

Phase contrast microscope

5.Uneven Growth - When r.p.m. is highduring shaking than uneven growth comes.

6.Cost

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Physiological conditionsfor the growth of cells

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1. pH-potential of H+ ion .

Optimum pH

Animal tissue7.4

Plant tissue5.5

Epidermal tissue5.5

Transformed tissue7-7.4

Fibroblast - 7.4- 7.7

2. Temperature

Optimum temperature

Animal37 C

Birds38.5 C

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3. Gas PhaseTwo phase

CO2 - drops pH level

5% required by the cells. O240-90% required

Some cells requires more O2 ,than extra O2

carrier sources added i.e Hb .

4.OsmolaritySalt concentration of the cell

Animal - 290miliosmo /kg

Mice - 310milliosmo /kg

5.FoamingCharacteristic of suspension.

Drawbacks :- contamination occure.

Denaturation of protein.

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Interfare with the exchange of gas phase .

To prevent foaming add antifoaming agent ex :-

Pluronic F68,CMC( carboxy methyl cellulose)

6.ViscositySerum is added to increaseviscosity.

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Thanks