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17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
1
Prof. Dr. Asko Sarja
Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Building and Transport
Lifetime Engineering
A Visionary View
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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LIFETIME ENGINEERING
Lifetime engineering is a theory and practice of predictive and integrated long-term investment planning, design, management of the use, maintenance planning and end-of-life management of facilities
With the aid of lifetime engineering we can control and
optimise the design and management of facilities corresponding to the objectives of owners, users and society.
The objective of Lifetime Engineering is an optimised Lifetime
Quality of facilities
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Life cycle of a building
Technical life cycle of the building
Technical life cycle of the building
0. LAND0. LAND
1. DEVELOP-MENT
1. DEVELOP-MENT
2. UTILIZATION2. UTILIZATION
3. VACANT3. VACANT4. REDEVELOP-MENT
4. REDEVELOP-MENT
5. UTILIZATION5. UTILIZATION
6. DEMOLITION6. DEMOLITION
1.1 Investment analysis
1.2 Project planning: Setting the goals
1.3 Choices
1.4 Designing and Construction
1.6 Auditing
Taking into use
1.7 Maintenance strategy
2.1 Implementation of the maintenance strategy
3.1Renting
3.2 Redevelopment 3.3 Sale
3.5 Demolition
Visio => cost-effectivenessstrategy
1.5 Quality control
4.1 Investment analysis
4.2 Project planning: Setting the goals
4.3 Choices
4.5 Auditing
Taking into use
4.6 Maintenance strategy
Environmental aspectsRe-use of the materials
The condition of the ground, impurities, soil etc.
5.1 Implementation of the maintenance strategy
3.4 Acquisition 3.4.1 Investment analysis
3.4.2 Setting the goals
3.4.3 Choices
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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CONTENT OF THE LIFETIME ENGINEERING
- Lifetime investment planning - Integrated lifetime design- Integrated lifetime procurement (lifetime contract)- Integrated lifetime management and maintenance
planning- Rehabilitation and modernisation- End-of Life Management:
- Recovery, Reuse - Recycling and- Disposal
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Visions of the future Lifetime Engineering
• The generic criteria of Sustainable Building are followed– in all phases of the life cycle
• The lifetime management is:– predictive: future usability, economy, ecology and cultural
aspects are evaluated, modelled and used as criteria for selections between alternative solutions and products in all phases
– creative: alternative solutions and technologies are created and found at all phases of the process
– optimising: comparisons between alternative solutions and products made with rational methods applying the criteria, which correspond to the generic criteria on techno-economic and architectural level
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Optimising Lifetime Management and design Process[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]
Quantity of informa-tion
Value management
and Cost
management opportunities
Unstructured information Concept information
Design information
a b A B C D E F G H
Project awareness
Client development
Inception Feasibility Outline proposals
Scheme design
Detail design
Production information
Bills of quantities
Tender action
Pre-brief Briefing Sketch plans Working drawings
Value management
Cost management
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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LIFETIME ENGINEERING PROCESS
• Value engineering and management– a service
• that utilises structured functional analysis and • other problem solving tools and technques in order to • determine explicitely s client`s needs and wants • related to both cost and worth
• Cost management– a servgice that
• synthesises traditional quantity surveying skills with • structured cost cost reduction or • substitution procedures using multi-disciplinary team.
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Levels of the functional analysis
• Level 1: Task – represents the first stage wherein the client organisation perceives a
problem
– This problem may be realised through a study of efficiency, safety, markets, profitability etc.
• Level 2: Spaces– Represents the stage where the architect or the whole design team are
engaged in the preaparation of the brief in conjunction with the client
• Level 3: Elements/Modules:– Is the stage where the building assumes a structural form
• Level 4: Components:– Is the point where the elements/modules take an identity in terms of buit
form.
– Components are selected to satisfy the requirements in terms of surrounding and servicing space
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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CRITERIA OF LIFETIME QUALITYof sustainable building
HUMAN CONDITIONS-Functionality
-Health-Safety
-Convenience
ECONOMY-Investment economy
-Building costs-Life cycle costs
LIFETIME QUALITY
LIFETIME PERFORMANCE
CULTURE-Building traditions
-Life style-Business culture
-Aesthetics-Architectural styles and trends
-Image
ECOLOGY-Raw materials economy
-Energy economy-Environmental burdens economy
-Waste economy-Biodiversity
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY
• Life cycle monetary cost (LCMC)– Construction cost ( 40-60% of LCMC)– Costs during the period of use (50 y: 60-40% of LCMC)
• Maintenance cost during design service life
• Repair costs during design service life
• Changing costs during design service life
• Renewal costs during design service life
• Energy cost during design service life– Recovery + Reuse– Recycling – Disposal
•
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY
• Life cycle functionality (LCF)
–Functionality for the first user
– Flexibility for changes of building services
• Flexibility for changes of spaces
• Flexibility for changes in performance of structures
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY
• Life cycle maintainability • Reliability in operation in normal and
abnormal conditions
• Ease
• Frequency
• Staff requirements
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY
• Environmental effectiveness of the life cycle(LCEC)– Consumption of energy in use
(heating+lighting) - a dictating factor (ca. 90%)
– Consumption of energy in production (ca. 10%)
• Consumption of raw materials: Renewal/non-renewal
• Production of pollutants and disposals into air, soil and water
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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ENERGY ECOMY CLASSIFICATION
• Class 1. Standard level. Heating + cooling energy economy is fitting the current standards of each country or region .
• Class 2. Reduced energy level: less than 50% of the current level.
• Class 3. Low energy level: less than 25% of the standard level.
• Class 4. Zero energy level: Heating + cooling energy consumption is zero.
• Class 5. Plus energy building: the gain of solar or other natural energy is more than needed for heating and building service systems
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY
• Safety, health and comfort– Internal air quality (emissions, fungi)
• Acoustic and visual privacy and convenience
• Hygrothermal quality of internal conditions
• Visual quality and aesthetics
– Working conditions during construction
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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PHASES OF THE LIFETIME ENGINEERING
- Lifetime investment planning - Integrated lifetime design- Integrated lifetime procurement and construction- Integrated lifetime management and maintenance
planning- Rehabilitation and modernisation- End-of Life Management:
- Recovery, Reuse - Recycling and- Disposal
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Investment analysis
Risk analysis
Risks return and investment
value
Marketresearch
Technical evaluation
Cash flow expectations/analysis
Different risk analyses Location
Services: Needed/ available
Technical risksLeaseanalyses
Suitability for use
Technical condition
Usage
Technical characteristics
Technicalquality
Aesthetical quality
Income
Investment value and price
Maintenance and life cycle
costs
Residual and salvage values
Functionalquality
Financing, tax and legal environments
Different value concepts
[Taina Koskelo,A METHOD FOR STRATEGIC TECHNICAL LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF REAL ESTATES]
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Lifetime investment planning and decision making
• The investment planning and decision making applies value management to audit and optimise:1.The client`s use of a facility in relation to its
corporate strategy
2.The project brief
3.The emerging design
4.The production method
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Maximum
Maximum
Optimum
Design cost Construction cost Use and MR&R (maintenace,
repair and rehabilitation) costs
Declining influence on costs
Unnecessary costs
Necessary extra cost
Minimum or optimum
Modified from: John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.
Minimum or optimum
High influenceLow expenditure
Low influenceHigh expenditure
Potential Benefits during lifetime
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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CENTRAL CONTENT OF ILC (integrated Life Cycle)-DESIGN
– Introducing the requirements of owners, users and society (environment incl.) into functional and technical specifications of materials and structures
– Modular service life planning and optimisation– Performance based design of materials and
structures, incl. service life design (durability)– Design for reuse of components and for
recycling of materials
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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INTRODUCING GENERIC CRITERIA INTO DESIGN
Sustainable Society - Sustainable Building
Normative and traditional reliability theory and methods for
structural design
Generalised lifetime limit state design
Generic Requirements for sustainable building
Resistance against mechanical loads
Durability against degradation
Usability against obsolescence
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS
• 1. Investment planning – Multiple criteria analysis, optimisation and decision
making.– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy
• 2. Analysis of client`s and user`s needs– Modular design methodology.– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)
• 3. Functional specifications of the buildings – Modular design methodology.– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS
• 4. Technical performance specifications
– Modular design methodology. – Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)
• 5. Creation and sketching of alternative structural solutions
– Modular design methodology.
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS
• 6. Modular life cycle planning and service life optimisation of each alternative
– Modular design methodology.– Modular service life planning.– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy
calculations.
• 7. Multiple criteria ranking and selection between alternative solutions and products
– Modular design methodology.– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD).– Multiple Criteria Analysis, optimisation and decision
making
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS
• 8. Detailed design of the selected solution
– Design for future changes– Design for durability– Design for health– Design for safety– Design for hygrothermal performance.– User`s manual.– Design for re-use and recycling
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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MODULAR ILC-DESIGN
• The tasks for each design alternative are the following:
• Classification of building modules into design service life classes, following a suited modular classification system.
• Stating the number of renewals of each module during the design service life of the building.
• Calculation of total life cycle monetary costs and costs of the nature (ecology) during the design life cycle of the building.
• Preliminary optimisation of the total life cycle cost varying the value of service life of key modules in each alternative between the allowed values.
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Specification of performance properties for the alternative structural solutions as an example a multi-storey apartment building.
Structural module Central performance properties in specifications
1. Foundations •Bearing capacity, target service life, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
2. Bearing frame •Bearing capacity, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles.
3. Envelop/Walls •Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
4. Envelop/Roof •Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
5. Envelop/Ground Floor
•Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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6. Envelop/Windows • Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
7. Envelop/Doors Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
8. Partition Floors • Target values of sound insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs,
limits and targets of environmental impact profiles, estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations
9. Partition walls (incl. doors)
•Target values of sound insulation, target service life, estimated intervals of spatial changes in the building, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles, estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations
10. Bathroom and kitchen
• Target values of sound and moisture insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles, estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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CRITERIA IN SELECTION BETWEEN ALTERNATIVES
• The selected alternative can fulfil some of the following criteria:– Best in all requirements– Best weighted properties on reasonable cost
level– Best in preferred requirements, fulfilling
accepted level in all requirements– Best in valuated multiple criteria benefit/cost
ratio
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Project Consortium
CLIENT
Share-holdersagree-ment
Subsupplier agreements
Serviceagreement
Lease
agreement/
payment of
rent
Agreement on purchase
option
Financer
Contractor
Sub-contractors
Share-holders
Suppliers
Construction
procurement
LIFETIME RESPONSIBILITY PROCUREMENT
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Lifetime Responsibility Procurement (Lifetime Contracting) [Dr. Hywel Davies, Review of Standards and associated literature on technology and lifetime economy]
• Innovations in public sector:– Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and – Public Private Partnership (PPP).
• PFI/PPP are efficient and effective ways of delivering services to the public sector– the responsible contractor has real interest in optimised
lifetime costs and – the client defines the requirements and criteria for lifetime
quality– is applied both in building and civil engineering sector– usual contract time period 20 - 25 years– Variations of Lifetime Contract process:
• “Design, Build and Operate” (DBO), • “Design, Build, Finance and Operate” (DBFO), • “Build, Own, Operate, Transfer” (BOOT)
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Predictive and optimising Facility ManagementRELIABILITY BASED
METHODOLOGY System structure Generic Reliability Generic Methodology
GENERIC TECHNICAL HANDBOOK:
"LIFECON LMS" Framework Process
CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL:
"LIFECON CAP"
PLANNING OF MR&R PROJECTS
LCC and LCE Selections between methods and materials Decision making support
METHODS FOR OPTIMISATION AND DECISION MAKING
Markovian Chain Method Quality Function Deployment Method QFD Risk Analysis Multiple Attribute Decision Making Aid
DEGRADATION MODELS Duracrete RILEM TC 130CSL
EUROPEAN VALIDATION Case Studies
IT- PROTO-TYPE
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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End-of Life Management[Prof. Dr. Frank Schultmann, End-of-Life Management of Buildings, Chair for Construction Management and
Economics, University of Siegen ]
results
Material Flow Management
optimisation-
algorithm
constraints
objective function
Scheduling and Optimisation
dismantling-
planning
recycling-
planning
results
dismantling order
resource requirements
recycling options
data-bases
...
...
bill of materialscomposition ofconstruction materialsquantity of harmfulmaterials
...
recycling techniquesquality of recyclingproducts
ressources > human resources > machinery > space on construction site ...durationcostsrecycling paths...
...
capacity of ressources
project makespan
audit of
buildings
costs for dismantling and recycling
resource profiles
start and finish times for dismantlingactivitiesdismantling techniques
durations
material flows
generation of
differentscenarios/modes
data and information flowsys_CIB_uk.ds4
environmentalassessment
recycling quotas
resource allocation
17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005
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Working environment of Lifetime Engineering
Integrated Life-Cycle Design(ILCD)
Integrated Life-Cycle Design(ILCD)
Ownership, Planning and Management of InvestmentsOwnership, Planning and Management of Investments
Life TimeManagementsystems (LMS)
Life TimeManagementsystems (LMS)
Integration ofDesign andManagementProcesses
Integration ofDesign andManagementProcesses
Data for Lifetime Design andManagement
Data for Lifetime Design andManagement
Norms, Standards andGuidelines for Lifetime
Design, Management andMaintenance Planning
Norms, Standards andGuidelines for Lifetime
Design, Management andMaintenance Planning
Practices ofDesign andManagement ofBuildings andInfrastructures
Practices ofDesign andManagement ofBuildings andInfrastructures