18. Indentation Tectonics and Stratigraphy of Central Java

by : Awang Harun Satyana

Petroleum Geology of Java Area :Re-Visit Prolific Areas and Disclose Under-Explored Areas

Bandung, 15 – 17 June 2009

northern indentation

southern indentation

• What kind of indentation : morphologic? tectonic?• How and when did it originate ?• What implications to geology and petroleum ?

EAST JAVAEAST JAVAEAST JAVACENTRAL JAVACENTRAL JAVACENTRAL JAVA

WEST JAVAWEST JAVAWEST JAVA

Untung and Wiriosudarmo (1975)

Bouguer Anomaly Map of Java GRDC (2000)

West Indonesia Crustal TerrainsKoesoemadinata (2004)

Situmorang et al. (1976)

Wrenching System of Java Based on Moody and Hill (1956)’s Concept

Fold trends of Javaafter Situmorang et al. (1976)

Major wrench trends of Java

Structural Trends of Java and Madura

Rembang-Madura-Kangean fold and thrust belt

Masalembo Depression

Kebumen - MuriaFault

Pamanukan - Cilacap Fault

Sunda - Arjunanormal faults

North Seribu Fault

fold and faults

200 KMS

synt

hetic

strik

e-sl

ip fa

ult

reversethrust or

norm

al fa

ults

f o l d s

faults

antithetic strike -slip faults

master fault (

PDZ)

E

master fault

antithetic dextralen echelon folds and faults

extension fractures

wrench

with

stro

ng dip-slip co

mponent

N

Structural Analysis of Java Using Strain Ellipsoid Kinematics

C

E

C

C

E

Satyana ( 2002; 2005; 2006; 2007)

200 KMS

Southern Mountains of West Java

Luk Ulo

Eastern Deep

Western Deep

Karangbolong High

Bumiayu-Luk Ulo High

Southern Mountains of East Java

Rembang-Madura-Kangean fold and thrust belt

North Madura platform

Masalembo Depression

Kebumen - MuriaFault

Pamanukan - Cilacap Fault

Brebes flexureSemarang flexureTegal diapirs (?)

155

000

80

80

100

110

triangle zone of tectonic locked area with maximum

uplift of 2000 meters

isostatic crustalsubsidence

Sunda - Arjunaextension fractures

North Seribu Fault

to Lematang Fault (?)

to Mera

tus Fault

Kebumen Low

fold and faults

80 Bouguer anomaly (mgal)

N

Geologic Implications of Central Java Wrench Segmentation

Structural indentation of northern and southern coastlines of Central JavaSubsidence of the basement of northern Central JavaUplift of the basement southward until the median high of offshore South Central Java Basins

Structural indentation of northern and southern coastlines of Central JavaSubsidence of the basement of northern Central JavaUplift of the basement southward until the median high of offshore South Central Java Basins

Exposure of the basement rocks in Luk Ulo areaSubsidence of the area to the south of the Bumiayu-Luk Ulo HighDisappearance of the Southern Mountains of South Central Java due to subsidenceNorthward shifting of the Quaternary volcanic lineament in Central Java area

Exposure of the basement rocks in Luk Ulo areaSubsidence of the area to the south of the Bumiayu-Luk Ulo HighDisappearance of the Southern Mountains of South Central Java due to subsidenceNorthward shifting of the Quaternary volcanic lineament in Central Java area

INDENTATION

Satyana ( 2002; 2005; 2006; 2007)

200 KMS

Southern Mountains of West Java Luk Ulo

Eastern Deep

Western Deep

Karangbolong High

Bumiayu-Luk Ulo High

Southern Mountains of East Java

R

Kebumen

- MuriaFau

lt

Pamanukan - Cilacap Fault

Brebes flexureSemarang flexureTegal diapirs (?)

155

000

80

80

100

110

triangle zone of tectonic locked area with maximum

uplift of 2000 meters

isostatic crustal subsidence

isostatic crustal subsidence

Kebumen Low

N

200 KM

Implications of Wrench Segmentation of Central Java

INDENTATION

INDENTATIONSatyana ( 2002; 2005; 2006; 2007)

1. Quaternary volcanoes2. Alluvial plains of northern Java3. Rembang Madura anticlinorium4. Bogor, North Serayu, and Kendeng anticlinorium5. Domes and ridges in the central depression zone6. Central depression zone of Java and Randublatung Zone

7. Southern Mountains

LEGENDS OF THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC ZONES

Disappearance of Central Java Southern Mountains

van Bemmelen (1949)

BAJAH MTS

PHYSIOGRAPHIC SKETCHMAPOF

JAVA AND MADURA0 20 40 60 80 100 km

+ 45

DEPTH IN M

1

3

4

5

2

6

7

+ 2a4a+

SU -

KRAKATAU

SEBUKU

SEBESISANGIANG

RADJABASAMATRA

PRINSEN L

S U N D A S T R A I T

BANTA

M-BAY

3b+

3a+

+ 3b

1575

750

1730

2920

2730

MALINGPING

BAJAH

WUNNOOPS-BAY

TJILETUH BAY

BAY OF BATAVIA

BATAVIA

RANGKASBITUNG

B O G O R Z O N E

C O A S T A L P L A I N O F B A T A V I A

TJITARUM

BUTTENZORNOF BOGOR

SUKABUMITJIANJUR

PELABUHAN RATU

LEMBANG

BANDUNG

PURWAKARTA SUBANG

SABARANTEN

KOLEBERESS O U T H E R N M T S O F W E S T J A V A

PENGALENGAN

TASIKMALAJA

GARUT

KARANGNUNGGAL

INDRAMAJU

CHERIBON

B A N D U N G Z O N E

PARIGI B

AY

TEGAL

PRUPUK

BUMI AJU

NUSA KAMBANGANTJILATJAP

TJITANDUY

PEMALANG

PEKALONGAN

BANDJERNEGARA

S O U T H S E R A J U M T S

PURWOREDJOWEST

PROGOMTS

N O R T H S E R A Y U M T S

DUIZEND

ISL

+ 5a

+4b

+ 5b

5a+

5b +5c+ 7

++ 8

3770

3440

25122020

6000

3430

220 200

5000

4000

3000

3000

1000

20003000

710

3130

3000

1950 300

1790

3740

310

450

2750

850

10501835

1755

2710

WONOSOBO

KENDAL

AMBARAWA

TEMANGGUNG

MAGELANG

JOGJAKARTA

SURAKARTA(SOLO)

SALATIGA

WONOSARI

DJIWOPROG

O

SEMARANGDEMAK

KUDUS

DJUWONOREMBANG

PURWODADI

PATI

BLORA

TJEPU

DJODJOGAN

RANDUBLATUNG

NGAWISRAGENSIWO

MADIUN

WONOGIRI

BODJONEGORO

BATURETNO

PATJITAN

TULUNGAGUNG

R E M B A N G H I L L S

K E N D E N G R I D G E

S O U T H E R N M T S O F E A S T J A V A

TUBAN

NGIMBANG SURABAJAWONOKROMO

MODJOKERTOBANGIL

PASURUAN

BANGKALAN

POPOH

BLITARKEPANDJENG S E W U

DJOMBANG

KEDIRI

MALANG

PROBOLINGGO

PAMEKASAN

SUMENEP

TUREN LUMADJANG

PASURUAN

NUSA BARUNA

DJEMBER

BESUKI SITUBONDO

MERAWAN

PUSER

ROGODJAMBUBALI

M A D U R A - S T R A I T

M A D U R AR A N D U B L A T U N G Z O N E

N G A W I S U B Z O N ES O L O Z O N E

B L I T A R S U B Z O N E

MADIUN

BRAN

TAS

KARIMUNDJOWO - ISLANDS

PORONG

SAMPE

B A L I –S T R A I T

GROJAGAN

BAWEAN

+ 119

+10

+

+ 21

+ 13

14+

15+ 16

+

17+ + 18

+ 19 + 27

31 +

32 +

33 +

34 +

35 +

36 ++ 37

38 + 40

+

+ 45

44+

47+

48+

53+

51+

57+

58+

49+

50+ + 54

+ 52

60+

+ 62

+59

65+

66+

67+

5°

7°

9°

12°

7°

7°6°5°4°3°2°1°0°1°7°

5°

7°

5°

1° 0° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 6°

Meridian of Batavia =108°48’27”79 of Greenwich

J A V A S E A

O C E A NI N D I A N

Rand McNally & Co. map (2000)Northward Shifting of the Volcanoes in Central Java

SLAMET SUMBINGSUNDORO

PRAUKEMULAN

ROGOJEMBANGAN

UNGARAN

MERBABUMERAPI

DIENG PLATEAU

van Bemmelen (1949)

Absence of the Southern Mountains

Muria- Kebumen Sinistra

l FaultCilacap - Pamanukan Dextral Fault

present coastline

base level (sea surface)

maximum uplifted mass (2000 meters) by tectonic-locked area (Bouguer anomaly +

110 mgal) in triangle zone

Luk Ulo area

Semarang Flexure Brebes FlexureTegal diapirs (?)

northern structural indentation of Central Java

Java Sea transgressed

Subsided mass by isostaticcompensation (-5 mgal)

NorthNorth

SouthSouth

Schematic Block Diagram Showing Process of Uplift of Southern Central Java Due to Structural Indentation

Bumiayu area

Satyana (2002; 2005; 2006; 2007)

Lematang - Cilacap Megashear Kebumen - MeratusMeg

ashea

rCentral Sumatra

South Sumatra

Ogan-Lampung HighPendopo-Limau HighLematang Fault

Barisan Mts.

Sibolga

Bengkulu

Sumatra Fault System

Mentawai Fault System

SundaNW Java

Belitung

S. Central Java

Barito

NE Java

present subduction zone

oblique subductionzone

Triangle Zones : zone of tectonic-locked uplift area and zone of isostatic/ rebound

tectonic-released subsiding area

Triangle Zones : zone of tectonic-locked uplift area and zone of isostatic/ rebound

tectonic-released subsiding area

K a l i m a n t a n

J a v a

S u m a t r a

Meratu

s Mts.

Sumatra Trend dominatesSumatra Trend dominatesSumatra Trend dominates Meratus Trend dominatesMeratusMeratus Trend dominatesTrend dominates

Late Cretaceous subduction zone

oblique s

ubduction zo

ne

?

Tectonic position of Central Java in Western Indonesia

500 KMS

N

sedimentary basins

vector slip of subduction

N. Central Java

Satyana ( 2002; 2005; 2006; 2007)

low geothermal gradient (GG)

Low GG at southern Central Java

Anadarko Indonesia (2003)

TOE THRUSTNorth Serayu Basin, Central Java

Lower Kutei Basin, North Makassar Strait

van Bemmelen (1949)

low

er p

lioce

ne

uppe

r plio

cene

The play type analogue between North Serayuand Kutei-MakassarStrait

after Guritno et al. (2003)

Guritno et al. (2003)

Conclusions

1. Two major strike-slip faults, to be opposite in slips and trends, the Muria-Kebumen Fault (sinistral, trends SW-NE, Meratus Trend) and the Pamanukan-Cilacap Fault (dextral, trends NW-SE, Sumatran Trend), crossing Central Java, apart in northern area and meets in southern area; have caused significant geologic changes of Central Java.

2. The episode of crossing of the two faults took place in the Paleogene and effect of the uplift due to this faults convergence was completed in mid Early Miocene (20 Ma).

3. …

Conclusions

3. The convergence of the two faults have resulted in : • structural indentation of northern and southern

coastlines, • subsidence of the basement of northern Central Java, • uplift of the basement southward until the median high

of offshore South Central Java Basins, • exposure of the basement rocks in Luk Ulo area, • subsidence of the area to the south of Bumiayu-Luk Ulo

High, • disappearance of the Southern Mountains due to

subsidence• northward shifting of the Quaternary volcanic

lineament. 4. …

Conclusions

4. No significant fields have been discovered in Central Java Basins, compared to those in the West- and East Java Basins. The reasons for this may relate to : • limited development of sources and reservoirs in Central

Java basins,• very low gradient geothermal in southern Central Java,• abundant volcanic deposits,and• complex deformation.

5. However, oil and gas seepages are abundant both in northern and southern Central Java, indicating that the generation of petroleum has been taking place. Central Java is under-explored, its true potential is beyond our current knowledge. Therefore, the area is worth for future exploration campaign.

Lundin Banyumas (2003)

Sujanto and Sumantri (1977)

Comparative Stratigraphy of West-, Central-, and East Java Basins