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1865-1877
RECONSTRUCTION
REVIEW OF THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)
• Between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy)
• Over Slavery & States Rights
• Appomattox April 9, 1865
• Gen. Robert E. Lee (South) & Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (North) met at the Appomattox Court House; General Lee surrenders resulting in Northern victory of the war
• 360,000 Union Soldiers and 260,000 Confederate Soldiers Died
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE CIVIL WAR Union enlisted black soldiers in conquered areas of
the South They made up 1/10 of Union Army by end of war Unequal treatment in Army 54th Massachusetts
One of the 1st African American units in the War Fort Wagner William Harvey Carney – 1st African American to
receive Medal of Honor
THE WAR ENDS IN 1865… SO NOW WHAT????
• Economic problems
• Political changes – Federal power increased
• 13th Amendment – Abolishing slavery
• Lincoln is Assassinated by John Wiles Booth on April 14, 1865
• …… Reconstruction
LINCOLN’S PLAN• 10% Plan – Governments would pardon all
Confederates (except high-ranking officials)
• Once 10% of a state’s population who had voted in 1860 had given an oath of allegiance to the union that state could form a new state gov’t and send representatives and senators to Congress.
• Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Virginia accepted the plan
RADICAL REPUBLICANS• Led by Charles Sumner of Massachusetts and
Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania
• Wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders
• Wanted African Americans to get full citizenship and the right to Vote.
JOHNSON’S PLAN• Like Lincoln’s Plan
• Excluded high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern Landowners from taking to oath.
• All 7 remaining states accepted Johnson’s Plan (except Texas)
CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION
SOCIETAL RECONSTRUCTION
• Postwar South
• Economically Devastated
• Property Value plummeted
• Small farms were ruined
• Government started public works programs to repair the physical damage of the war and to provide social services.
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH
• 13th amendment gave them freedom, 15th amendment gave them the right to vote
• Many white southerners refused to accept African American’s new status
• African Americans founded their own churches
• The First real Public school systems in the south were during Reconstruction – African Americans get an education
• Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
• No Land of their own
THE FALL OF RECONSTRUCTION • Problems and Resentment between white southerners and African Americans