18941894 • First First Sino-Japanese War Sino-Japanese War beginsbegins

18951895 • Shimonoseki Treaty Shimonoseki Treaty • After defeat in Sino-Japanese War, China After defeat in Sino-Japanese War, China

unwillingly cedes Taiwan to Japan and unwillingly cedes Taiwan to Japan and pays financial indemnity pays financial indemnity

19021902 • Anglo-Japanese Alliance Anglo-Japanese Alliance signed signed • Japan and Britain agree to mutual Japan and Britain agree to mutual

safeguarding of their interests in Asia safeguarding of their interests in Asia • Alliance is renewed in 1905 and 1911 Alliance is renewed in 1905 and 1911

19051905 • Japan defeats Russia in Japan defeats Russia in Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 of 1904-05

• US mediates the US mediates the Treaty of Portsmouth Treaty of Portsmouth • Treaty forces Russia to give southern Treaty forces Russia to give southern

Manchuria to Japan Manchuria to Japan • Treaty recognizes Japan as the dominant Treaty recognizes Japan as the dominant

power in Korea power in Korea

• Another treaty forces China to recognize Another treaty forces China to recognize Japan’s imperialistic rights in Southern Japan’s imperialistic rights in Southern ManchuriaManchuria

• Japan and US sign Japan and US sign Taft-Katsura Taft-Katsura memorandummemorandum

• Agreement recognizes Japan’s rights in Agreement recognizes Japan’s rights in Korea and US control of PhilippinesKorea and US control of Philippines

19071907 • Hague ConferenceHague Conference• Hague IV Hague IV – – Convention Respecting the Convention Respecting the

Laws and Customs of War on Land Laws and Customs of War on Land

19101910 • Japan’s official Japan’s official annexation of Koreaannexation of Korea

1914 1914 - 1918- 1918

• World War IWorld War I• Japan, allied against Germany, occupies Japan, allied against Germany, occupies

Shantung Peninsula of China Shantung Peninsula of China • Japan assumes imperial rights of Japan assumes imperial rights of

Germany in ChinaGermany in China

19261926 • HirohitoHirohito becomes Emperor of Japan becomes Emperor of Japan

19291929 • Geneva Convention Geneva Convention Relative to the Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of WarTreatment of Prisoners of War

19311931 • Japanese Imperial Army launches a Japanese Imperial Army launches a full-scale attack on Manchuriafull-scale attack on Manchuria

19321932 • Japan seizes Manchuria Japan seizes Manchuria • Establishes puppet state of Establishes puppet state of ManchukuoManchukuo

•Japan builds Japan builds biological warfare units biological warfare units in in Japan, China and ManchuriaJapan, China and Manchuria

19331933 • The The League of Nations League of Nations declares that declares that Manchukuo is not a legitimate stateManchukuo is not a legitimate state

• League calls for Japanese withdrawal from League calls for Japanese withdrawal from Manchuria Manchuria

• Japan withdraws from the League in protestJapan withdraws from the League in protest

• Expanding from Manchuria, the Expanding from Manchuria, the Japanese Imperial Army gains control of Japanese Imperial Army gains control of much of Northern Chinamuch of Northern China

19371937 • July 7:July 7: “ “Marco polo Bridge IncidentMarco polo Bridge Incident” ” leads to Japan’s full-scale invasion of China leads to Japan’s full-scale invasion of China

• PekingPeking (now Beijing) and (now Beijing) and ShanghaiShanghai are captured are captured

• Official start of WorldOfficial start of World War II in Asia War II in Asia

•Dec 13Dec 13:: when when NankingNanking, the capital of , the capital of China, falls the Japanese Imperial Army China, falls the Japanese Imperial Army begins the begins the Nanking MassacreNanking Massacre

•The Japanese Imperial Army system of The Japanese Imperial Army system of Military Sexual SlaveryMilitary Sexual Slavery expands expands

• Referred to as Referred to as “Comfort Women”“Comfort Women”

and and “Comfort Stations”“Comfort Stations”

19391939 • World War II begins in Europe World War II begins in Europe • Germany invades Poland; the Western Germany invades Poland; the Western

Allies declare war on GermanyAllies declare war on Germany

19401940 • Japan moves into northern Indo-China Japan moves into northern Indo-China (now Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) (now Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia)

• Japan joins the Japan joins the Axis Alliance Axis Alliance with with Germany and Italy Germany and Italy

19411941 • Tojo Hideki becomes Prime Minister of Tojo Hideki becomes Prime Minister of JapanJapan

• The Pacific phase of World War II The Pacific phase of World War II begins for the begins for the Western AlliesWestern Allies• Dec 7Dec 7: Japan raids : Japan raids Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor • British British MalayaMalaya and and Hong Kong Hong Kong are also are also

simultaneously attacked simultaneously attacked

• Dec 25Dec 25: : Hong KongHong Kong falls falls• 1,975 Canadian soldiers had been sent to 1,975 Canadian soldiers had been sent to

defend Hong Kong earlier in 1941defend Hong Kong earlier in 1941• 290 are killed in action 290 are killed in action • 1,685 are captured and interned by the 1,685 are captured and interned by the

Japanese militaryJapanese military• 267 die in internment267 die in internment

19421942 • Forced relocation and internment Forced relocation and internment of of Japanese Americans and Canadians in Japanese Americans and Canadians in the the USUS and and CanadaCanada begins begins

• By By MayMay, Japan has gained control over , Japan has gained control over wide territorieswide territories

• Territories include: Hong Kong, Territories include: Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma (now Mayanmar), Malaya Thailand, Burma (now Mayanmar), Malaya (now Singapore and Malaysia), Dutch East (now Singapore and Malaysia), Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and many other Indies (now Indonesia), and many other Pacific islands Pacific islands

19451945 • May 8May 8: Germany surrenders to Western : Germany surrenders to Western Allies in EuropeAllies in Europe

• Aug 6Aug 6: First atomic bomb dropped on : First atomic bomb dropped on HiroshimaHiroshima

• Aug 8Aug 8: The Soviet Union declares war : The Soviet Union declares war on Japan on Japan

• Aug 9Aug 9: The second atomic bomb : The second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki dropped on Nagasaki

• Aug 15Aug 15: Japan surrenders: Japan surrenders

• World War II ends World War II ends

19461946 • International Military Tribunal for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) Far East (IMTFE) is establishedis established

• Tribunal prosecutes those responsible for Tribunal prosecutes those responsible for the war and war crimesthe war and war crimes

• Tribunal documents Massacres, Death Tribunal documents Massacres, Death Marches, Forced Slave Labour, POW Marches, Forced Slave Labour, POW Conditions, other war atrocities and war Conditions, other war atrocities and war crimescrimes

• Only Only 28 defendants28 defendants tried for tried for war crimeswar crimes before official before official end of trials end of trials inin 19481948

19511951 • The The San Francisco Peace TreatySan Francisco Peace Treaty is is signed between Japan and 48 other signed between Japan and 48 other nations—including Canadanations—including Canada

• BurmaBurma, , ChinaChina, , IndiaIndia, , Korea Korea & the & the Soviet Union Soviet Union areare notnot party to treaty party to treaty

• Signatory nations waive claims for Signatory nations waive claims for Japanese Reparations Japanese Reparations