19.2 WWII HAD BEGUN!

WORLD WAR II HAD BEGUN!2. War in EuropeIn two weeks, Hitler had taken Poland and Stalin had forced Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia to accept Soviet military bases.Stalin tried to force the same on Finland (military bases)

/RESULT/ War broke out. The Finns were able to hold out until March; then they surrendered.

April 9, 1940: The Germans sailed into Copenhagen. They met minor resistance, and in a matter of hours and took control of Denmark.The same morning German forces landed in Norway. Within hours the Germans had seized all of Norway’s major cities and taken control of Norway.

/HOWEVER/

The invasion of Norway was costly to the Germans.lost 10 of 20 destroyerslost 3 of 8 cruisers

/BUT/

Hitler now had an outlet to the Atlantic Ocean.

• May 10, 1940: King George VI makes Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Great Britain.

• The Fall of France• 1940; The Japanese demanded the right to exploit

economic resources in French Indochina the United States responded by imposing economic sanctions or restrictions on trade that are intended to enforce international law, unless Japan withdrew to its borders of 1931)

• April 9, 1940: War began along the Maginot Line.

• The maginot line very impressive. However had one flaw – a 50-mile gap in the Ardennes (Malmedy Massacre)

• Meanwhile, Germany attacked Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Belgium.

MALMEDY MASSACRE

May 10, 1940: German troops parachuted into the Netherlands.First large-scale airborne attack in historyCaught the Dutch by surpriseFive days later the Dutch surrendered.

May 10, 1940: Britain and France moved their best troops into Belgium.- The Germans attacked Belgium.

Belgian forces did not hold out as long as had been expected.Germans trapped the Belgian, British, and French forces in NW corner of

France.

May 26, 1940: British admiralty began a desperate rescue operation at Dunkirk.

over a period of nine days the hastily assembled fleet rescued the Allies.

June 14, 1940: Germans entered Paris, France.- one week later France had signed an armistice with Germany.Terms of the Armistice

Germans occupied all of Northern France and the Atlantic coastline to the Spanish border.

In southern France, the Nazis set up a puppet government under Petain.

Battle of BritainAugust 1940: Luftwaffe began bombing the southern coast of Britain.damaged 4 aircraft factories and five Royal Air Force airfields /HOWEVER/British Hurricanes and Spitfires shot down 75 German planes. / RESULT /Luftwaffe changed tactics- For 57 consecutive nights, the Luftwaffe pounded London in its great

blitz.Devastation of London was enormous.- killed and injured thousands of civilians- damaged: light, power, and gas lines- destroyed buildings, roads, and railways

/ HOWEVER/Bombings did not break the British morale.- The Lufwaffe never gained air supremacy over Britain.- RAF downed more then 1,700 German aircraft during the Battle of

Britain and blocked Hitler’s invasion.

Anglo- American CooperationThe Untied States had expressed its determination to

remain neutral throughout the early part of the war.1937: Neutrality Acts:prohibited arms shipments, loans, and credit to

belligerent nations.1940: Churchill appealed to the United States for help.gave British 50 old American naval destroyerswe gained the right to maintain American bases in

Newfoundland, Bermuda, and the British West Indies.

cash-and-carry policy: a program in which Great Britain traded cash for needed supplies from the United States and transported them across the Atlantic in its own ships; protecting American neutrality.

• August 9, 1941: Churchill met with Roosevelt on a British battleship to discuss war aims.

• The leader issued the Atlantic Charter. It called for:

• - freedom of trade

• - the right of people to chose their own government

• - the “final destruction of Nazi tyranny”

“V” FOR VICTORY

3. A Global Conflict

June 22, 1941: Hitler launched a massive attack on the Soviet Union.

- In a few days, Germans had destroyed:

- The greater part of the Soviet air force

- Disabled thousands of Soviet tanks

- Captured half a million soldiers

November 1941: German armies had pushed 600 miles inside the Soviet Union.

December 1, 1941: German troops began as assault on Moscow

In days, the Soviets forced the Germans to retreat.

Japanese ExpansionJuly 1940: Japanese government moved to establish the “Greater East

Asia Co-prosperity sphere”.

an appeal to Asians who wanted to rid their lands of European rule.- The United States retaliated by placing an embargo on the sale of

scrape iron to Japan./ RESPONSE /

Sept. 27, 1940: Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy.Under this pact:

- affirmed the right of every nation to “receive the space to which it is entitled”

- pledged to reach that goal - pledged to come to one another’s aid if attacked

July 24, 1941: Japan invaded southern Indochina.President Roosevelt demanded that Japan not only withdraw from

Indochina but also China.

Congress placed an embargo on oil and froze all Japanese assets in the United States.

Pearl HarborAdmiral Yamamoto convinced Japanese leaders that bombers taking off from

aircraft carriers equipped with torpedoes could effect a successful surprise attack.

November 1941: Hirohito, Japanese emperor, gave the go ahead for war.

December 7, 1941: Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor sank or disabled 19 American ships destroyed 188 plane killed 2,400 wounded 1,100

December 8, 1941: The United States declared war on Japan.

December 11, 1941: Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Britain declared war on Japan.

Japanese – American InternmentFebruary 19 1942: President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066.Under this order all Japanese on the West Coast, including American citizens

of Japanese decent, were to be evacuated and confined in internment camps.

ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR

ATTACK ON PEARL

HARBOR

“A DAY THAT WILL LIVE IN

INFAMY”

--F.D.R.

DECEMBER 7, 1941

PERAL HARBOR MEMORIAL

• Vocabulary (pkt)Collective security: negotiations between nations to take joint action

against enemy attack.Sanctions: coercive measure, frequently involving trade, taken by

several nations against another nation that is breaking international law.

Appeasement: the granting of concessions to another country to maintain peace.

Blitzkrieg: a swift, sudden Nazi offensive for the purpose of a speedy victory; “lightning war”

Sitzkrieg: sit- down war; time period on the western front (spring/winter of 1939-1940) when the western front was quiet. West called it the “phony war”.

Blitz: an intensive air raidLend – lease: authorization to lend war equipment to a country whose

defense is considered vital to national security.scorched earth policy: a policy in which Soviet citizens destroyed

anything that could be of use to Nazi invaders.kamikazes: Japanese pilot and plane carrying explosives, dedicated to

suicidal attack in WWII. They volunteered to crash into Allied bases and ships.