Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1933 Narrative Report Yavapai County
Item Type text; Report
Authors University of Arizona. Agricultural Extension Service. CountyAgricultural Agents.; Turville, E. S.
Publisher University of Arizona
Rights Permission to use or to order reproductions must be obtainedfrom the University of Arizona Libraries, Special Collections.Contact us at [email protected], or(520) 621-6423.
Download date 27/02/2021 07:47:51
Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/302350
A11,mAL NARRATIVE R@ORr
STATE: ARIZOHA
REPORT OF:
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1932 to:
CQUKTY: YAVAPAI
E. S. TURVILLE
DECZl.BER 1, 1933
TABLE OF CO lTTENTS
I. Cover and Title Page ••••••••••••••
II. Table of contents ••••••••••••••••
III. status of County Extension Organization(1) Form of Organization••••••••••
(2) Funotion 0'1" Lo oal Pe aple ••••••
(3) General Policies ••••••••••••••
IV Pro.gr am of Work
(1) Faotors Considered ••••••••••••
(2) Project Aotivities
Ca) CEREALS ��TD SOILS ••••••••••
(h) FRUI 'IS •••••••••••••••••••••
(j) RODENI'S ••••••••••••••••••••
( 1) POUL THY • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••••
(m) DAL'1Y••••••••••••••••••••••
(n) R,AJUE ••••••••••••••••••••••
(p) l"TARKETTITG ••••••••••••••••••
(x] UISCELLlJJEOUS- 4-H Club Y1ork••••••••••••••
PUblicity Articles •••••••••
page
1
2 - 2A
3
4 - 5
6 - 7
8 - 19
20 - 23
24
25 - 28
29
30 - 31
32 - 36
37 - 4041 - 42
Farm Loans •••••••••••• 43Garden Club nork•••••• 44Engineering ••••••••••• 45
v. OUTLOOK AND RECm,!l/:cKD.A.TIONS •• 46 - 47
VI. Sm�l1.1ARY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 48 - 52
Photographs 9Reports 1Exhibits 2
III STATUS OF COUNTI EXT.hl:SIOH ORGAlTIZATION
(1) Form of Organization - Changes and Development.
The type of Extension organization remains
the same. The County Farm Bureau is the official group
under which activities are carried on. No signifioant
ohanges have oocurred, but the plan of presenting
marketing and general e conond o information thru the
Weekly 1�rket letter has been much enlarged.
(2) FlUlction of 10ca1 people, committees, or
projeot leaders in developing the program of work.
Whenever possible the Agent has operated thru
established associations of whatever nature. The local
cattle growers association, "The yavapai Cattle Growers"
has developed into an important part of the Agent's programo
This is as it should be, since the range interests are
the largest agricultural interests of the county. The
Agent also acts thru community clubs, P. T. A. assooia
tions, woman's clubs, dairymen's associations, a garden
club and the county Chamber of Commerce. Conditions
have forced the stressing 'Of eoonomic features •
..
-3-
(3) The general policy remains the same:
chief reliance is placed on the moulding of thought,
allowing ac t ton to ta ke care of i t,self. The Agent
works on t.ns basis that r'ar ne r s act the way they think
and think according to the type and amount of knowledge
they possess. If therefore it be considered that some
of the aotions or practices are wrong, it must follow
tha� the thinking 1s wrong: and further, if the think
ing be wrong the type or amount of knowledge 1s either
wrong or inadequateo All effort then is direoted
towards the thinking processeso
As far as possible, tba attempt is made to
supply the raw material for correct thinking. The �ekly
letter, ·a sample of which is inc1uded, was promoted w�ththis end in view. The facts and figures are as oarefully
seleoted as possible from authorative souroes, largely
the departments of Agriculture and Commerce, and are
submitted with the idea that the farmers will use these to
develop their own philosophies, whether in the fields of
economios or produotion.
ceraruue.iy announce c , linali line runccaon or t ne
Extension Servioe is not to increase or decrease produc
tion, but rather DO provide the necessary fUnd of
facts and figures by w�ioh the farmer may make the best
possible adjustment. of his own affairs to the genera�
oonditions existing. It goes without saying that the
farmer oannot adjust his activities to the times. unmess
he has a fairly accurate idea of those conditions to
which he is to make the adjustment. At times this may
mean increased production, though at present it means
the reverse.
-5-
IV PROGRAM OF WORK!, LISTING GOALS SET-UP, VIETIDDS EMPLOYEDANTI :R.1£SUL 1B ACHIEVED.
(1) Faotors oonsidered and methods used in determining
program of work.
Of constant factors there may be mentioned
these facts: that the county is very large, covering
an area of approximately 8500 square miles: that the
range interests are the largest agricultural interests
of the oounty: that diseases and insects are the great
est handicap to truck and fruit growers and that owing
to the relatively isolated and widely separated farm-
lng �ommunities, timely market information has not been
readily available to a large number of growers.
Emergency factors include the general effects
of the depression, poor markets, restricted credit and
an entirely new set-up of economic conditions. To these
may be added the continuation of the drouth, with the
consequent lack of range feed, dry farm production and
irrigat10n water.
The changed farm credit situation has demanded
attention and the Agent has assisted the various Welfare
agenoies.r
Depression conditions generally, have faoed
inoreased effort along economio and marketing lines.
-7-
PROGRESS REPORT SOIL'S PROJECTU of A Agronomy Department Cooperating.
County - Yavapai Agent - E. S. TUrnlle,Prescott, Arizona.Nov. 30, 1933.
The last report dated November 30, 1932 brought
the progress of this work up to that date.
It will be understood that this project 1s
eXperimental rather than demonstrational and is under
the direction of the Agronomy Departnent of the Un! ver-
sity of Arizona. The Agent oares for the work locally
in cooperation with the Department. The County Farm
Bureau 1s the local farm group supporting the project.
The last report lett the plots in the follow
ing condi t1on.
Experiment I Plots 2, 4 and 6 seeded to Turkey
Red wheat.
Plots 1, 3, 5 in fallow having been plowed in
August and held for corn in 1933.
EXPERIMENT I WHEAT PLOTS 2, 4 and 6.
The wheat made a good stand with a strang top
growth, before winter. The drill was not working well
-8-
and plot 2 was too heavily seeded. Plots 4 and 6 were
les8 heavily seeded, but still too heavy. The attempt
was made to hold the seeding to 25 pounds per acre.
Stooling was good on all plots.
The orop stood the winter well and came out
in the spring with a good oolor and no evidence of
winter kill.
The falLl growth, inolu ding. t be heavy stooling,
gave evidence ot tallow effects and accumulated nitrates.
SnoW covered the ground all winter from early
Deoember to March. Most of this 8l!apo.rated as it mel ted
and the run-orr' w as smal�. It is also assumed that
so11 penetration was not great. No rain ocourred (except
about i inch May 2d) from fall until harvest. It was a
very dry springo
The crop was harvested June 30,..i. by the ring
method, using a l/2000th aore ringo Ten rings were used
for each one-third acre, making a total of 30 rings for
the total acre. Oare was taken to get a fair average of
locations •
The results as returned from the University are
as follows:
-9-
Turkey Red Wheat sown October 8, 1932, aid
harvested June 30, 1933, by the ring method. Each border
oontains 1/2 acre. The area of the rings 1s 1/2000 of one
acr e , Ten rings were harvested fron each border. The
figures given are the weights of threshed grain.
Border 2 Border 4 Border 6
Ring wte per wt� per wt. per wt. per wt. Per wt. perNumber ring .. acre - ring .. acre .. ring - acre -
�rams Eounds srams uounds �rams Eounds
1 183 807 258 1138 227 1001
2 305 1345 72 317 110 485
3 84 370 205 904 166 732
4 146 644 231 1019 41 181
5 205 904 251 1107 181 796
6 11 49 358 1578 188 829
7 100 441 217 957 174 767
8 42 185 241 1063 219 966
9 . 13 57 265 1168 169 745
10 73 322 191 842 248 1093
Average 116 512 229 1009 172. 759
Buo peraore 8.5 15.8 12e7
Border average (1207 bu. per acre)
-10-
From the report and general observations the�
follow ing c omments may bema d.e •
(1) The s011 with whioh we are dealing, and
this is fairly represen tat1ve of the raw lands of Chino
Valley and other mesa distriots, is lacking in fertility and
uneven in character. The real nature of the uneveness 1s
not knowno (Note: the s01l has good natural qualities and
is productive when built up) 0
(2) From previously reported data, the sub-soil
of this area is of a heavy, ca1iche-clay character and is
generally within two' feet or less of the surface.
(3) In spite of the above unfavorable soil
aonditions. the results demonstrate the feasibility of some
s011 water storage and the possibility of crop production
depending mainly on this water source.
/ Tlla..;pf.'Oblamm tm twill pze sen t t nerase lves may
be 11 sted as:
(1) What would be the effect of added fertility,
to this type of farm' operation (dry-land farming)?
(2) What causes the relatively large areas of
very poor land and how may these be reclaimed?
(3) Are the results representative of this Boil
type only and not of the adjacent deep soil areas (in the
valleys)?
« -11-
(4) What is the effect of relatively close
and heavy subsoils.
CORN -PLOTS 1, 3 and 5.
These plots were fallowed during the s umna r of
132 and in the spring of 933, plot 1 was harrowed with a
smoothing harrow: plot 3 was dOUble disked - about 5 inches:
plot 5 was plowed - about 5 inches.
The object in these dit'ferent methods of tillage
was to determine 1t' possible, what causes the sub-muloh
crust to form, as it did in '32, and how to avoid it.
The season was the sarre as that or '32 except
that there was a .65 inch rain May 2do
No sub-mulch crust formed in any of the plots.
The reason for this is not clear.
Following the policy of planting late enough to
allow for plants being in good growing condition when the
aimmer rains .arrived, planting was not done until �une 10th.
Below the mulch, there was in all plots plenty of moisture
for germination. However, seeding was a failureQ Less than
one-fifth of a stand was securedo
The reason for such results is not, clear. The
mulch was removed and the seed placed in and covered with
-12-
moist soil and the whole covered with dry mulch. The
soil dried rapidly to the seed,· except in spots having a
lighter than normal soil. In most of the a rea the soil
dropped back on the seed in the fOl'm of s1ices rather
than as a moist granulated mulc�o
The problem of seeding such land under such
oonditions will need fUrther study.
Another matter suggests itsalf. Should late
planting �t quick maturing corn varieties be relied upon,
or would it be better to use slow maturing varieties and
plant in the normal season, about May 15th. Also, would
it be well to try sorghums along with corn?
At any rate, attempts so far to handle s�r
crops have not been successful. The summer rains have
come very lateo
At the suggestion of Dr. Hawkins, the one-third
acre plots for all of EXperiment I have been divided into
one-sixth aore plots. This will allow a greater variety
of experiments.
It is! recommended that, it possible 3 an aore
ot land in another location in the district, and one
having been for a time in alfali'a, be se�red and some of
the efforts tr1edt duplioated on this improved land. suoh
-13-
a plan would bring quicker results in the �tter of
fertility effects and would prove a valuable oheck on
results obtained on the regular plots. It would tend
to answer the questions: to what extent are the poor
crops the result of water shortage and to what extent
a laok of natural fertility?
On Ootober 12th, one-half of eaoh of plots
1, 3 and 5 were seeded to TUrkey Bed wheat (of our own
produotion) •. The rate ot seeding was about 30 pounds per
acre. The balance of the land is fallow.
Plots 2, 4 and 6 were plowed in Au��st and
later harrowed to kill the volunteer wheat that came up.
The exaat plan for handling this land will be worked out
in more detail before seeding time next apringo
From ah�Exten8ion viewpoint the plots have
arouaed<... more interest in soil moisture than any effortI
pre''Viously made ,
-14-
mcpERIMENI' II CORN AND BEANS
Plots 1, 3 and 5 were plowed in August '32
following spring. wheat. These were seeded to rye
Novo 15, 1932 but no growth was obtained before winter
set in. Only a ver.y poor growth was obtained in the
spring, before plowing l:ay 12th. The reason for the
poor spring growth is not fUlly understood. Fall seed
ing of rye for a plow down crop is recommended again
this year, but should be made earlier.
Plots 2. 4 and 6 were plowed October '32
following the harvesting of the corn crop. These
plots were d1sked in the �ring of '330
Two strips as shown on the accompanying page
were manured before plowing or disking. The manure was
not rotted and was used at the rate of 20 loads per acre.
This land was irrigated June 4th. It was
supposed to reoeive 6 acre inches, but this is doubtful.
The plot corners were missed but roughly one
half was planted to corn and the other half to beans.
A good stand was seoured in both oases and
spacing was made as follows:
-15-
Corn: plot (1) 3 teeto
(2) 2�
(3) as planted (about 15 inches)
Beans: plot (1) 2 feet.
(2) as planted.
Both crops made a good start and grew well
utj.ti1 about August 1st. However, no rain cam before
September, which was too late to be of serviceo The
variety was Reed's Yellow Dent.
The corn stunted and eared poorly. The crop
was a commercial failure. The beans blighted badly and
gave only 130 lbs. for the.7 acres involved or about
185 pounds per acre.
These plots, like those in Experiment t have
bean divided in half, therefore instead of being 6 plots
as in the past there will now be 12.
Commenting on the results and checking these
with Experiment I, it would appear that there is small
possibility of storing enough water in this soil to
produce even a fair summer crop, without timely rains.
-15-
While it is entirely too soon to draw con
clusions. the following tentative statements a�e made,
that they may be kept in mind and checked.
To the practical question: 1s it possible to
dry farm successfully in Yavapai County where the rain
fall is ato u t 14 inches, the reply is: select land that
is true soil (not Bub-soil) to a depth of at least 4 feat.
If possible use land that does not exceed an M. E. of 16
for that depth and prefer�bly getting coarser as it goes
down 0 The land should be naturally fertile. Winter
crops are safer thal summer crops. The timeliness of
the summer rains is an important factor.
The same statements may also be made for
condi tions allowing supplementary irrigat ion .to:: e�1st.
-17-
1933 1934
Corn (failure) vwheatfallow spring harrowed Summer or op
Wheat Bummer orop
Corn (failure) Wheatfallow spring disked Sunuiler crop
Wheat surn.ne r 0 r op, 01-
tit _ ... .:. .. .J
Corn (failure) Wheatfallow spr ing plowed Summer cr op
Water DitchCorn �od Glowth to August 1st
�rop tc ilura ?
Beans Very fmall crop
Corn Same e s 1
Beans Same � s 2
Corn Same E s 1
Beans Same E s 2
17 yds. 9 ydse 9 yds. 2() ydso
strips showomanured sectioDSo
-18-
WHEAT ON THE SOILS PROJECT
Photo just before harvesting dry land - following fallow
Same as (1)goOd growth
Same as (1)poor growth
-19-
(h) Fruita and vegetables.
Much time has been devoted to a survey study
of insects, diseases and soil conditions affecting
success in this field. The obje ct has been to lay the
foundation in fact for more intensive work in this
diVision next year. The situation may briefly be
described as follows:
(l) Very serious loss from tomato blight.
(2) Some loss fr.om cabbage diseases.
(3) Serious loss from ryzock on strawberries
and peas particularly.
(4) Threatened loss from psyl11d yellows of
potatoes.
(5) Serious loss by nematodes.
(6) Serious loss. from Texas root :Dot.
Plans for work to reduce tm losses incurred from
the above are not complete. Extension SpeCialist, Fred Draper,
will assis t.
-ID-
(h) Fruit Tree r.:orta1i ty:
Following a survey of fruit tree conditions
made during the summer of 1930, the Agent solicited
the assistance of the College Department or Plant
Pathology.
The survey had shown a very heavy mortality,
espeoially in the Lower Oak Creek section. Orohards
were dying at a rate that left no chance for profit.
While Texas Root Rot was suspicioned, the
trees failed to show the ordinary symptoms of this
disease, to such � extent that numerous investigators
suggested other possibilities. The chief diagnostic
difficul ty lay in t he fact that in many c.aaas the
trees were two or three years in dying, and most fre
quently reached the ages of six or seven years before
being attacked. SUch results hardly seamed to fit in
With the ordinary conception of Texas Root Rot and its
normal rapid destruction.
Dr. Brown began a systematic study of the
-21-
situation in the Spring of 1931. After examination
during the Summer of that year, Dr. Brown deolared
the trouble to be mainly Root Rot and offered the
explanation that the rather abnormal course or the
disease was due to the fact that the altitude, vary
ing from 3000 to 4500 feet, so closely approaohed
the upper temperature limit of this disease, that its
aotivity was modified.
During the season of 1932 various remedial
measures were tried experimentally by the Department.
These included besides others, various ammonium com
pounds. The results for that, year, though not con
clusive, were sufficiently encouraging to induce further
trials for 1933.
During 1933, the work was enlarged to include
preventive treatment, using apparently sound trees in
the path of the disease. The resul ts fro,m such efforts,
together with more definite results from the earlier
line of treatment must await another year's evidenoe.
-22-
While conducting the work as outlined above,
other orchards showing decline, but not exhibiting Root
Rot symptoms, were studied and diagnostio treatments
given. These included, treatment for root aphis,
extra heavy irrigations and both organic and mineral
fertilizings. Results will not be apparent for another
year.
While all of these efforts were under the
direction of the Plant Pathology Department of the
Colle.ge, the work at: treating, recording and reporting
was largely done by the Agent. The project is an attempt
to control the most serious obstacle to successful fru1t
growing in the county.
-23-
(j) Rodent and Predatory Animal Hork.
The 4gent has done little work directly with
rodents as the agent of the Biological Survey has been
located at Prescott during the past Sillmner. However,
the office has acted as distributing center for pOisons
and as a contact medium thru which the local farmers
and cattlemen have reached the "Survey".
In Predatory animal v{ork the efforts have been
directed towards assisting the cattle association to
work out some plan of lion and coyote control, as a result
of the practical withdrawal of the state and Federal
Governments from this line of wor k, no r e sr L ts have
so far been achieved, except in coyote work.
This office is now selling poison material,
bought by the County Farm Bureau from the Biological
Survey - the selling price is cost.
-24-
(1) Poul try
As an introduotion -it my be said that the
poultry industry in the oount.r has come very olose to
collapse. A large percentage of the poultrymen have
been on a commeroial basis, that is to say they buy all
of their feed rather than raise it. V{hlle it was per
haps true, statist1o�ly, that grains went down with egg
prices, that faot had little to do with looal conditions,
beoause th e fre ight rates for imported feeds remain the
same. As a result the total net price paid by the local
producer bore an unfavorable relationship to the actual
cost of these feeds in produoing and oompeting oenters.
Further, egg supplies from suoh centers were brought in
by truok at little and sometimes no cost, 'or rather
oharges.
As a consequenoe, the Agent has devoted little
time to poultry exoept to the speoia� projeot on disease.
-25-
This continues heavy. Para1ysis remains the ohief cause
of trouble and shows its normal wide variation in dirfer
ent flocks and in the same flocks in different years.
Besides paralysis, there bas been SODa loss' from conta
gious bronchitis. In'one case this past Fall 160 pullets
were los t out of a flock of 400 within less than a week.
However, in the majori ty of c asea, the infection was
mild and while the flocks were in all oases badly upset,
the mortality rarely went much above 10%. Flook observa
tion would appear to indicate tha t the mortal1ty was
heavie·.st 1n tho se cases in which the bi rds were be ing
heavily fed on high protein reeds, and lightest in those
other cases where liberal supplies of green feed were
in common use.
llhe 'normal death rate from digestive d1stur- .
bances has ocourred although it would seem that these
are less than they were some few year� ago.
Other troubles such as roup, ohicken pox,
oanker and worm infestation were practLcally agsent.
-26-
Two visits were made by representatives of
the poultry department of the University and the detail
ed study of individual flocks was carried along. All
of the IDa ter1al oollected is on record and while it
has as yet, not given the necessary leads for aiding
in the control of the more important diseases, it has
oertainly eliminated much popular �heory that has no
basis in fact.
Plans are now under ocnsideration with the
departmen t for carrying out expel' imntal work that
might further eliminate certain minor errors that
appear to be more or le ss generally accepted.
Owing to the drop in the number of poultrymen,
association work has �irtually oeased and individual
work has been substituted.
A brief summary of the findings from the
"SUrvey" would include sue h facts as, rool'tal1 ty
(mostly paralysis) has run as high as 65% in two cases
and tapers from this high point down through the 50ts
-27-
to as low as 5 or 10%. A oommercial flock that two
years ago showed a mortality for the first and second
year of close to 75% has during this past year had
vir tually .none , The original flock was us ad for .
breeding purposes and all birds were ha tchad on the
premises by hens.
The future of the 100a1 poultry industry will
depend on the rutur e trend of tre feed price - egg
price relationship.
-28-
l:ISCELLA.N.EDUS
(m) Dairy
No milk is produced for manufacturing purposes,
exoept that na de up on the farm. Clyde Rowe. Extension
Dairyman, conduoted two very successful dheese making
demonstrations and this work will likely be oontinued.
Considerable marks t milk is produced in the
Presoott and Verda towns sections. The dairymen of both
of these districts have been orgsmized. Regular price
schedules are in use, price cu�ting has been practically
eliminated and code� of ethics adopted. The status of the
industry in both sections has been much improved. The
agent has acted as seoretary for both organizations.
The use of codes bas been and is be:ing further consideredo
-29-
(n) Range
This project was developed into a striotly
Cattle Growers' Association mf1.:tter. Regular and
speoial meetings, civio aotivities and a mar ke t tng
effort to enable an easier wntact between producer
and buyer have made up the Agent's program. Eoonomics
is the feature stressed.
The following is a statistical record of
resul ts for the year:
No. of regular monthly meetings held 11
Attendanoe recorded 401
Ho. of committee meetings held 12
Attendanoe recorded 108
Personal letters written 207
Memo "tt 31
Copies of these 3305
The assooiation is responsible rof much of
the economio material used in the Weekly Letter.
-30-
During the past year the Agent in an a�tempt
to get a more intimate knowledge or range conditions rode
in rodeo on four ranges for five days.
MUch time has been spent in arranging matters
in connection with the new si tuation in cattle marketing
brought about by the AAA •
. -31-
MISCELLANIDUS
(�, The Weekly Market Letter.
The weekly letter begln July 5, 1932 has
been continued thruout the year. Beginning with one
page (legal size) it now oarries, usually rour pages
and inoludes material listed on page
The letter has a number or objeotives.
(1) To form a regular na ddum of oontact,
impossible by personal visits over a county of 8600
square miles area.
(2) To supply market infoma�lon to persons
havtng no other source.
(3) To sxpply basic inlbDnation ot looal
practical interest and in condensed form, tha t is not
usually included in popular reading na t ter , This has
been largely of an eoonomio charaoter.
f4) To attempt to arouse �n interest in
general agrioultural economics.
(5) To oontact a class or citizens who seldom
it ever attend meetings.
-32
The §ction or the Pos toffi ce Department in
ratus ing the use of the "frank" for this letter has
restricted its use, but about 300 oopies go out; weekly.
It is difficult to determine the results
obtained, but the agent belie�es it is his most
effeotive effort. The original plan included the idea
that time would be required to create the habit of
making use of the letter.
The f'ull letter goes only to frui t and vege ..
table growers, while pa gaa 3 and 4, a1most entirel.y
economio, go to cattlemen �d general farmers.
The following page gives a list of the classes
of material used. The two following pages are presented
as a s�ple of' the weekly letter.
-33-
Types of Ma tel' 1al in the Wee kly 1Iarket Letter.
Class of :Material Number of Specimens
1. Weekly index tables
2. :Monthly index tables(Begun June 14th.
47
5
3. Reports of Phoenix Uarke.t(Fruit and Vegetables) 49
40 Reports of Prescott Market(Fruit and Vegetables)
5. Salls
18
6
76. Government Loans
? New Legis1atd.on 5
68. Poultry
9. Livestock 7
22
1
10. Agricultural Econooics
11. Irrigation
12. Garden Practice
130 N R A
9
5
514. U. S. Grades
15. Activity Notices
16. Home Economics 2
-34-
Presc�tt, Ariz. Oct. 18,1933.Mar ket News Letter for thi s week.
t� 'T�1k_LE. S. 'I1urville, COUNTY AGRI CULTI;Rb.L AGENT.
PHOEIHX WHOLESAJ..JE PRODUCE LIARKET(Price to stores an d Small Jobbers)
Quotations received thru courtesy ifArizona state Chamber of commerce",Title and Trust Building, Phoenix.
Enclosed please find the
IRISH POTATOES - Plentiful, good quality', Burbanks from $1.65-1�85,Idaho's #1 grade from $1.85-2.10. .'
SWEET POTATOES - Not much change from last week, still good quality,local sourCd of supply, 28 lb. lug from 40-55¢. I
BUNCH VEGETA3LES - Plentiful, good quality. Radishes, b6�t�, green onions,turnips from 10 to 12¢ doz. carrots, 20 to 25¢, spinach from20 to 25¢. ,
CABBAGE - Good local quality, $.20.00 to $35.00 ton. /APPLES - Q,ui te plentiful. Bellflowers 2-ht lb. Fancy. pack Yakima Jonathons
$1.50-2.00 box, Prescott Jonathons �1.l5 ... l'.25 'box , Delicious4-4i¢ lb. loose. ..'
G:lEL"N BEANS - About same, p rt ce ar ound 3-j;¢. •
SQUASH - Good qualitYi summer 35¢ lug, yellow 60¢, Italian 60¢, Hubbardand banana l2¢ lb.
.
CUCU1ffiERS - Plentiful, local, still 40-50¢.EGGPL.ANT - Good quali ty at 4¢. .
TOML'I'OES - Good quali ty from Calif. ?O¢ lug.ONIONS - Whites from stockton $2.10 per lb. Spanish from Duncan $1.20
per Ib�G�EN CORN - Plentiful, good quality, getting lO-12¢ doz.CAULIFLO lVER - Flags taff supply, goo d quali ty, pr i ce 4-5¢.PEARS - Pr ice ar ound 5 or 6¢, smaller grades 3i to 4¢.
PRESCOTT MARKET TO TRADE
NotG; It is observe d that it is more difficult to quote local productsthan imported. This is because only #1's or at most 2's, come from outside sources - they leave th·�ir "no grades" on the home market. Naturally our local supply includes this. latter as well as fi rsts and seconds.
IRISH POTA'IOES - Calif: washed Burbanks #1; $2.40; Idaho's #1, $2.25�#2'8, $2.00. Locals #1, $2�OO. Other gradGs lower.
SHEET POTATOES - Some Nancy Ha.lLt s from Oak Creek 4¢. Phoemx Yams #1,75¢ par Lug ; #2' s , 55¢.
BUNCH VEG:CT.ABLES - Beginning to come in from S. R. V. Main supply fromCalif. A few lo'ca�s. Calif. (big tie) 30-40¢ per/aoz. bunches.Locals (smoll tie) variable quality 15-25¢.
I
Cl�BAGE - All loc�l, good quality, plentiful supply I! 2¢. ,
.ii.?PLES - LocuL supp.Ly of small end medium, no Loc a], :fancies appearingas ye t •.Smalls $1.15, me d Iums $1.45 per box. Calif. Bellflower s3i¢ ·PJr lb. Washington Jonatnons/extr�·iancy $2.35 box (40 Ibs.)
GREEN BiJ�TS - About cLc anad up, 5¢.SQUASH - Hard s heLl.s 3¢ pe r lb. summer s and Italians 75¢ p cr lug.CUCUMBERS - Loco.l� 60¢; CQlir� ?5¢ p0r lug.i.l�OMATOES - Calif. #1, 90¢-�1.00, Locals #1, 85¢; #2's, 60¢; "ungraded"....._-J" not quo te d ,
ONIONS - Spanish 2¢, whites 1t¢ up.CLULIFLOliiJER - Loc aLs , including coconino, 5-5"i¢ , fine quality.DE..:'J'JS(DRY) - Prices on Pintos continuing to weaken. Other varieties ab ou t
. ': ; the su.mme as last week. Pintos quoted at $3.50; Pinks $4.50;Smnil Whttes $5.00; Large WhitEas $4.50; Large Limas $6.50; BabyLimes $6.35; Red Kidney $7,20; Black-eyed Peas $5.25.
rfhG question is being continually asked why our quotations for localpr oduc t s are always below those for impor ted goods. We do not have theunswer , but beLt eve it is a sub j eo t worth o onat dcr Ing by alL interestedparties,
'
(Over)
page 112NO TES .ON FRUI T ,A.\fD VEGETABLE, 3.TO�GE
�.'
The folloviil1g s ta temcnts �re from a lett:�r on" th0 above subject by:" Fred Draper, ExtEtnsion Specialist in I:i0rtioultu,l;e ,(U of �) ..
,, ,
IRISH P,OTATOE!?: Where you ,sto.t's potatoes at 'a 'temperature of 55 or
6Q degrees fo r about two weeks atter d1 ggf.ng , any bruis ee or breaks inthe, skin VI ill heaf, over wi th a corky growth that' seaLs /up these breaks.Placed direotly into a very'oold callar, these scars become blackenedand may cause' the potatoos to rot.
Following the curing period, the potatoes store best at' a temperatur e around �5 '�nd 59 degrees. As ,we know , potatoes con tafn large quanti ties of starch and if' they are stored at temperatures "claw 45 dogrG6s.a part of t ha starch turns to sugar so that ,:when they are baked ,01' boil6�th�3y are soggy. .and have {an unpleasant 'SW�0t taste.,
'
.. Of coursc we' don't want tho, tcmpcratur e' of the storage cellar toromain hi.gh�",Gnough to o aus e the potatoes to form sprouts, but can usuall,c.ontrol th,0 tumpG'ro tur.o by vantiLat ing t,ho ce�lar.,,". " .'
Anot h�r point, a ccr t a in amount of moistur c Ln the" air of the potatQ" o01�ar Vi.ill prevent the pot a toc s Sh:t:ivGli�g. ,
.. , .
SWEET POTATOES: MatuI'� bo r'or o diGging and hand.l,e oarefully. Thencur o in -a� epeoIcL house or room at Q tamparctur:u of 80 or 85 degrees,for o period of about two WGJks. Wl;um tho SW\;;st po ta'toes uri:: dug theyare full of' snp , and the skins ar e tender. ,By our tnr; them with stoveheat and Giving pl'enty of ventilation dur t.ng vt he curing per Iod , 'we getrid or this surplus mo tatune, and the skin of �hJ� pot.c t oe s bee omes sortof velvety to tho touch.
.
At the close of t;hG curing poriod, stop th0 heat ond, allow thetemp ere tune o� the storage room, or house to-, fall to ab ou t ,55 degreesor from 50 to 56 .degrees.
-'. ",
Temporatures below' 50 ora ideal"' for the development of car tutnstorage rots, it .the germs ore p rasen't in. the potato or the .house , ,,'
ROOT CROPS: In th'4 case or the' root crops, like carrots, b0�tS,turnips, salsify and parsnips" we went Q low temporcture or only tl11 ttle above freezing. As Co. mat tur or fact, these .roo ts 'have a freezing, point that is slightly below 32 degreos'and wa.tor Will froezabe rore they will.
The average ,celler 'is too warm and too dry for, the ,�torQge orthose root orops , and for that recson they usually, keep best "hen stor8C1in pits outdoors.'
,
-
,
!
;,CnbbQ�6 is CUl9tl1u:c oral> that keeps best at Q r.clatltely low tEJmperGtur e and so ann be kept in pi ts or buried in trenches.
'
Onions r equf re low tClnp'3l'otures, but lll.'Y.S't be kept dry �md wallvGnti.lcted. Tho frecezlng point for, onions is betwoen 28 and 29 degl'�9a"but it' is not desirable" to have th� temp0rnture go bolow 32 degrees ,�nd36 or 38 degr eos is bott3r,•. Don't. store ontons in bags or Ln boxesthat p rev crrt 0. frae ciroulation ot :o1r. �MGsh bags oro'-roll right, butopen o r ctes are botter.
'" . ," ,.,' ,
APPLES: Many hove apples to s tor o , APplGS keep.-best at (1 -temportl..tur e around 32 dQgrees but of course '':_.thG: 'only vmy to koop t hem crt that"tGlq)er�,turo is to place them in a 'ootnriie'r6fdl,:;'col;d s t.oruge ,
Under the most favorable home storago condtftions wu, can keep applaa.at n tE3mpcirature around 36 to, 40 degrees, and if the apples Q.rQ-::-Sllnd� �
--
are picked before trey become oVd'rtr1..itur�, end, aXd llQndl.e�a.rerUIl::Y uoavodd -b:r1l1s tng, the y will- kee p. fairly'vlell-'-in {l,,---eo.ld aOllp..r. Soma: of"th.;l Lrrtez keeping ,varieties might be bUl"ic'd'in outllo,or pits. ,.
/,
In .caae you have soma dxtrn ni ae ,apples of. the main' will�Gr vor�e-:tl0:s�,- :!,''Would (ldvlse· the expense Qf p.Lac Lng .at,,).,en.s',���� part 'or the�e,··tn' c,old' storo.g�. .�. i"��::,i�:�'
•" .
'
. r; I:: f': "
.... .,'� • 1.:. ;'/';' _:� .�. ::. \'
;.
Prescott, Prizona oct. 18, 1933.
BUSINESS INDEX, FIGURES (WEEKLY 'I'A..BLE)U. S. Dept. of Commerce Report (Survey of Current Busin�ss)
Prices from "Fisher's" Index - "Bus fnesa Ac t tv t ty" from "Businuss Week"o
Prices Farm Produc ts
(�O ki.nds]
1926 1933 1933 if+2'L v
Jan. July Aug sept. Oct. � Cot.
J 30th 7th �! 8th,
"
II100 I 40 50 50 51 50 46
t
I' , ,
I
100 61 71 76"
7f;i ?7 64
INor- ,/
mal �,/
100 54 68 66 ,62 62 55'"
1923-25.
.100 23 72 68 50 50 26
100 40 75 70, 58 50 19, ,
.
"
J100 51 ,65 65 59 65- -
• , � , t
Week endi"lg
Prices non-farm Froducts (90 kinds)
General Bus in ess Activity. (A combination of leading business activities).
st\:lel Ingot.Production
Auto Production
Car Loadings
Figures �rom files or YAVAPAI CATTLE GROWERS.
Illustration: The figure 40 shown under liJan.' 1933" (column #2 above)means that the average price reoeived by the farmer for 30 .Leadtng farmproducts in January 1933 was $40.00 compared to an' average price of�lOO.OO 'rece ived for the same 30 farm produots .Ln January 1926.
ANOTHER ATTACK ON '!HE SURPLUSThe latest i�portant farm price irifluence is the decision of the
Fedaral Administration to inorease the 75 million dollar allotment forfood supplies for the needy, to 330 million. It is tru� this is not an
en,t1rely new appropriation and also true .bhat not all of too money willbe used for food, n evar theLe s a it is certain to make a considerable dentin the food .surp1lls;. . '
.
. Speaking of the "removal o't the surplus" as a road out of depression,lt is intBres�ing t� recall'past exper.iences.
The surplus of 1920-21 was shipped to EUrope (on cr�4it) to replacethe war-time, destruction in that ar�a.
"
The surplus of the 1913 depression which begaa in January 1913 andmoved steadily downward until tha close of'l9l4, was quiQkly absorbed,after that date, by tha excGssive war-time demand.
: ..Tho surplus of ,th0 1893 depression which, agr-LcuLtunaLl.y , was still
gOlng strong 'in 1897; was markedly reduced in th3 early months of 1898by the Spam.sh-Amcr I ca n war ne e ds and tih e "Kl.ondyke RUsh'r, both of these,,consuming factors of no small imp�rtance.
Th�.surplus of tho 1873 depression as well as of earlier ones and to30m3 axt�nt that pf 1893 was grad�Ql1y used up in ·the' construction Dnd
levGlopmGnt of, the "New Wests"., :',.'
'
rWhile 'at any time, some "accidents" similar to anyone of the above
ay aris0 to r�mOV0 the pre scnt food surplus , it appe ar s �at VIe ar e . -: ,
at to be lcf� ent Lr eLy to the mer ey ·of accidents •.
'. ".
E. s. Turv i11e,
(Over)
Fage #4MONTHLY REPORT
(All figures from the Survey of Current Business, U� s. Dap t , of
commerce, thru courtesy yavapai cattle Growers).
SuPPLY
(Table 1)
PRODUC'l70N AND "STOCKS ON HAND"
10
ar I 1933 1932
25 Jan. July Aug. Aug.
0 65 100 92 60
0 149 140 134-
I
0 263 266 G--_._- --_- -
I
t I
J
Base Ye
,----,'.
7i
1923-
IndustrialProduction Rate
World stocksFood and Rawf\·�a ter Lal,s
10U. S. All stockson Hand
J, .
10
JE!.:AND
(Table 2)
CONSUldING n�DEXES
1923-2
r I 1933 I 1932I
1-
I5 I Jan. July Aug. Aug.
I 60 " 70 77 65
1,
59 * 70 73 59 !I
39 50 56 40J
Base Yea
Dept. store Sales 100
�actory Emply. 100
Factory Payrolls 100
rrrs q__:li�LANEOUS
(Table 3)
MEAT AND FEED PRICES
Consumption a
ent , (millionsC'f 1bs.):All meatsB5ef and VeaL
(Meat, Chicago - Feed, Kansas CityI
1933 1932
Jan. July Aug. Aug.
,
$10.60 $9.40 $9.80 $14.40
fed, I $ 5.09 $6.50 $6�32 $ 8.73
tcornbs , ) ! 23¢ 52¢ .50¢ 33¢
i
ppar-
--�r
..
;',�
1061 1051 1163 1002371 423 . 473 364
_._------
)
Beef Fresh,lTative steers
pe r owt ,
cattle, Corn
:per cwt.
rOe 3 Yellowper bu. (56 1
,�
1�otes: Please observe that in Table 2, line 1, the indicator of "retailF9les" has been changed from t.he A & P Tea ·Co. to "Depar tmen t storef.Jlas". The sales of this group ar e said to be "the most comprehensivencasur e of consumer purchas ing we have".
�he pr 1c e of No. 3 yellow cornat Kansas Ci ty (Table 3) is said to be th�I;ast single indicator of price trends in the coarse gr at.ns ,
'
"Apparent consump tf.on of all meats and "beef and veal", table 3 indicatethe trend in the anount of meat ao·tuallY being eaten.
(Over)
MIS ClLLANIDUS
(X) 4-H.Club Work.
The usual policy has been continued of form
ing olubs only where some rea1 leader is available. That
is some one capable of carrying on with only occasional
vis1 ts by the Agen t. such a policy seems necessary be
causa of the great distances. One club is 30 miles
south, another 56 miles east and another 50 miles north
east from headquarters.
TWo of these clubs were §arden clubs and did
very credi tabl.e work. The other was a be et 0alf club
too t has been morethan usually successful. In eaoh
case the leaders were women of outstending ability.
Three of the older boys in the calf olub are
taking the advanced work this year. This oonsists of
four examination papers, for which written answers are
required. The Camp Verde High School allows oredit for
this work.
The pictures appearing on the next page are
trom the Peeples Valley Gardem olub and the Camp Ve_de
Calt olub.
-37-
,���� ---- --------- ---
1933 4-H Beef Galf C�ub, Camp Verde, Yavapai County,Arizona.
u�c
Winner at Achievement Day judging at Camp Verde: 2d at Phoenix.1933 Camp Verde Beef Calf Club.
-38-
On the next page are two specially interesting
4-H club pi�tures.
Picture #1 shows Howard Ferguson and his younger
brother watering their garden from buckets. All of the
water had to be hoisted from a nearby well and earned to
the garden. All of the plants matured and produced.
There was no rain during the growing season.
Picture #2 shows Helen and Alyne camp working
in their desert garden, dug by hand from the raw desert
last spring. The total area of the garden was 3.6 square
rods and the produotion was as follows:
Snap beans 100 Lbs.
Tomatoes 25 "
cabbage 10 n
Black-eyed peas 10 "
Green peppers 5 It
Onions 30 tt
-39-
No.1
Howard Ferguson with his younger brother, Peeples Valley.
(See NarrEltive).
No.2
Helen and Alyne Camp in their desert garden at Peeples Valley.
(See Narrative).
-40-
MISCELLANEOUS
(x) iublioity ArticlesThe policy of using a weekly column in
each of the two local papers has been continued
during the past year. These items are under the head
ing of' "Agricultural Yavapai", though one of the papers
ocoasionally sets its own heading. The column doesn't
carry news items or notioes, but deals with subjeot
matter only. Since the inauguration of the weekly letter,
these items have been of a more general character t�
formerly. On the opposite page is a sample of the
oolumn for November l5� 1933, from the Prescott Courier.
-41-
CROP PRi[Llff,DIFFICULT TASK
, Seeding a�d Moistu;e '
jMany growers, whether of garden'plants = field crops,
11,ave trt>ubler
In gettmg a stand. Uusally this can
be traced to moisture conditionsthough poor seed and' impro'pe;planting depths are also common
causes of failure..
When moisture is the source. oftrouble, it may he, either of two
types. First; too little moisture, re-.sulting in the failure of the seeds
Ito sprout or to establish roots
..Sec
ond, too much irrigation afterplanting, causing the plants to
I "damp off." ,
-
I Where irrigation water is avail
�able. the surest, seeding method" is
I to water heavily before planting.� The amount applied should be suf
Ificient to saturate the, .ground for
I a foot or more and wet" it for sev-
eral feet. Under such conditions itwill require from one to two wee,ks-l'for the moisture in the 'first foot of'!?�i� to' rea.c� its. normal static con- jdition, Until this occurs, there ismoisture transfer in considerableamounts, both, :by 'capillarity andvapor movement.:If then, following su�h an ir
rigation a shallow seedbed ismade and the
.
seed placed at the'bottom of the mulch, moisture frombelow continues to mave up (asvapor) into the mulch and keeps itmoist. The loss 'by evaporation dur
ing the day, is made up at night.Germination ,moisture is therebymaintained until the roots establish themselves and the surface supply is no longer needed.
. Light irrigations will produce not �more than a d�!y' or two's upward Imovement and are therefore: of no
��lue for the plan a;:? PFt1h\ed. <I:' �
'Uy E. s, ')'URVILLE(Ccunty ,Agri<�ultural Agent)Strenuous efforts are being made
to raiso the prices of agriculturalproducts. In some cases these ha vebeen ,£!::".:-ccssfu��' .'In others themovement ihas been. .small or inthe wrong direction. In all cases theeffect .()f the. operation of the lawof" E'up:.>ly, and demand is, plainlyseen.Potatoes Ihave about doubled in
price, because, there is a 20 pe';cent reduction in, yield and no car
ryover; Feed grainr:; are up .about50 per cent from last, year in spiteof a heavy carryover and becauseof a 2,';) per cent, decrease in pro-,duction. "Wool and mohair are upbecause of the elimination of thesurplus and an increased textile demand. Dairy products ale stationaryin the face of. a nearly 100 vel" centincrease ih cold storage, holdings ofbutter and, It 40 per cent increase Iin cheese. Egg prices are
weakeh-1ing before a heavy cold storagesupply, a 75 per cent increase over'!'4ast year. Pork' products are wav- 1
ering, awaiting the market's� i�te,r-II pretation of the effects of the pro-,cessmg tax and t:!1C hog reduction;program, Cattle prices are definite-:1)1 down in response to the, known.heavy increase in cattle numbers.']about 3 �illion head OV€T last yea)."'�jTo raise the general price lever
I'in the face of such conditions i� a.'
real job. If the law' of, supply and'demand still functions, it 'can only Ibe done by unloading the surplus,']
Sample of "Weekly Column" entitled.A.gri oul, tural Yavapai
byE. s. TUrvil1ePrescott Courier Nov. 15, 1933.
-42-
MISCELLANEOUS
(x) Farm Loans.
The Extension office handled all of the crop
loans for �he district. These were 45 in number and
about $3800.00 in amount. Also, many of the payments
have been received by and forwarded from this offioe.
Neoessary explanations have had to be made in many cases.
The office has also become the looal.. Bureau
of Information ooncerning the many other types of loans
although no applications are actually taken.
-43-
MIS CELL.ANEOUS
(X) Garden Club Wor k.
The Prescott Garden Club started by the
Agent June 8, 1931 continues to funotion suooessfully.
, It 1s composed of Presoott adults and has for 1 ts
objeot the dissemination of information regarding
the culture of trees, shrubs and flowerso Meetings
are held monthly.
-44-
(1) (2)
contour Bordering on the Farms of F. E. cook (1) and
James Pace (2), yavapai county. These contours were laid
out by Irrigation Specialist, H. N. Watenpaugh. Both
are dry farms and have shown much evidence of washing.
The very dry season�during the past two years have given
little opportunity of judging the true value of this work.
-45-
V OUTLOOK AND REC01:MENDATIONS
Outlook:
Looal Extension work has lost no ground during
the past year. However, its future is closely related to
the matter of recovery. The abi11 ty to continue to, pay
taxes 1s the matter at issue.
Briefly summarized, local conditions are as
follows:
The copper mining industry stands first in the
county. It is at a very low ebb.
Range interests come second. These differ.
The cheep industry, owing to the priae o� wool 1s in a
relatively strong position. The mohair industry is in
a similar position, The cattle industry is low and
constantly slipping.
Farming, fruit and vegetable production has
improved considerably over 1932, except for drouth
conditions and a too low production. It holds a better
technical position than does cattle. Poultry is almost
-46-
out of the picture and awaits a oonsiderable price
improvement.
Recommendations:
These must be confined to a policy of keep
ing in close touch with developments both within and
without the county, and standing ready to do the thing
that is immediately neoessary and best calculated to
serve the interests of the local public. The only
progrrun that can be definitely stated is that of keeping
the agricultural publio well informed as to conditions.
especial.ly e co.nomrc conditions.
-47-
VI Sm�nvIARY OF EFFORTS FOR 1933.
Briefly, the work of 1933 may be summarized
as follows:
POULTRY:
Poultry'work was largely a continuation of
the "SurveY" started to study means of reducing the
high mortality. Improvement was noticeable in minor
troubles and in the major chick trouble of B. Vi. D.
Paralysis oontinues a major mortality cause.
The Poultry Department of the College continues
to cooperate in this work.
DAIRY:
Dairy work consisted chiefly in the organization
of two dairy associations, whose members control the fluid
milk market of Prescott and the Verde. Marked improvement
is noted in eaoh section.
Some home cheese mak.ing efforts were made thru
demonstrations provided by C. F. Rowe, Dairy Specialist.
-48-
SOILS:
The soils project was continued as an effort
to study moisture requirements. The dry land wheat
experiment gave a rather favorable result, but the summer
crops, both dry land and supplementary irrigated, did not
produce profi table returns.
This work was done under the direction of the
Agronomy Department of the College.
TREE DISEASE:
The tree disease proj ect continued wi th r esul ts
at least sufficiently favorable to justify further efforts.
LIVESTOCK:
Livestock efforts were confined largely to
assistance to the local cattle Growers Asro. o tat ton , :Market
ing and other economic efforts were the chief lines of
endeavor.
4-H CLUBS:
Three 4-H Clubs operated. One was an old club
and two were new ones. All of the clubs did good work.
-49-
!vlARICETING :
Idarketing efforts (other than livestoct)
oonsisted chiefly of market information sent out thru
the Weekly Letter. Two meetings were held in the
spring when this plan of action was decided upon. A
meeting in November analyzed the season's work.
Results will be reported later.
LOANS AND OTHER GOV�RN]'1ENT ACTIVITY:
The Agent's office handled all crop loans
and acted as a Bureau of information for other types
of credit. Also the office has carried on considerable
publicity for the NRA and the AAA.
WEEKLY LETTER:
The weekly �tter goes out to a mailiDg list
of slightly over 300 and carries truck and fruit markets,
a weekly and monthly general index table and numerous
items of local interest, economic and cultural.
-50-
HOlVlE ECONOMICS:
Work in the field of Home Economics has
consis ted of the following:
A series of a week's meetings conducted by
Miss Frances Brown and discuss ing and demonstrating
meat csnnfng ,
The delivery of bulletins on household
matters in general from the office.
Correspondence with I.11ss Brown in the inter
est of local parties.
LOCAL APPRAISAL OF WORK:
The best single evidence of the appraisal of
�xtension work in the county by the people of the county,
is the fact, that though the closest farming community
is 15 miles out from Prescott and the chief farming
district is 50 miles away, the office records show a
total of office calls for the year of 2255,
-51-
ACRNOWLEDGE1\fENTS:
Valuable assistance on important matters,
but not always related to organized projects, was
received from the following sources: Al� departments
of the College; C. U. Pickrell, Extension Livestock
Speoialist; Fred Draper, Extension Horticulturalist;
c. F. Rowe, Extension Specialist in �oultry and Dairy
Work; H. N. Watenpaugh, Irrigation Specialist and
Miss Frances Brown, state Home Demonstration Leader.
Also the Agent wishes to express a most hearty
appreciation for the services rendered by the Yavapai
County Chamber of Conm:.erce. This office has at all
times been Willing to promote any plan suggested by
the l"l.gent and has given liberally or clerical. and other
types of help. The same may be said of the local
Welfare Board.
-52-
