1990 LandCover Data Land cover use to determine

GHG emissions

Integrated Environmental Management / Environmental Advisory Services

Presented by: Marlanie Moodley on behalf of Mr Jhongikhaya Witi

Jwiki or mmoodley@environment.gov.za

DEA – Climate change - GHG/ EGIM sections

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Official Launch1990 Landover dataset.

How did DEA apply this dataset to talk to:-

Sources/sinks of GHGs in agriculture and land

use.

Applying International Guidelines on

emissions/removals from agriculture and land use.

Practical exercise/examples.

• The current Land cover initiative consists of two initiatives and three data products.

• One of the initiatives is a 2013 and 1990 land cover data product funded by international funding agency DFID.

• This 35 x class DEA (DFID/CARDNO) dataset is a simplified version of the 72 x class DEA (Open) dataset with additional land use classes.

• The 2013 was available since early this year and we are please to announce that the 1990 Retro Data is available, has been available since September this year, already given out and available on our Site for download.

• Used images from 1989 till 1993(cloud cover/actual satellite cover)

Land Cover Initiative

• Initiative 1:This 35 x class DEA (DFID/CARDNO) dataset is a simplified version of some of the 72 x class DEA (Open) dataset

• Url link o data:http://egis.environment.gov.za

Land Cover Initiative

Use of the data to inform better Decision.

So what are these sources/sinks?• Emissions/removals from changes in C

stored in biomass, Dead Organic Matter

and soil in different land uses such as

forestland, cropland etc.

• CO2 emissions from liming and urea

application

• Non-CO2 emissions from biomass

burning in different land uses

• N2O emissions from soils(fertilization

etc.)

• CH4 & N2O emissions from livestock

CO2 emissions

Non-CO2

emissions

Use of the data to inform better Decision.

Two broad types of sources/sinks in Agriculture & Land Use

• Land based emissions/removals i.e.

emissions/removals from land use and

land use change

• Emissions from livestock

How do we estimate these emissions/removals?

• By using Emission Factors(EF) i.e. the

emissions per unit or human activity

• By estimating the change in C stocks at two

points of time

Estimating Carbon Stock Changes

Carbon

Stock in

year 1

Carbon

Stock in

Year 2

Difference between carbon stocks

gives emission/removal

Land Use

type

Emission/removal from sum

losses and gains

C u

pta

ke

thro

ug

h G

row

th

Disturbances

1 2

Emission Factor approach

Emissions/removals = AD X EFExtent of human

Emission or

removals per

unit activity

C Stock Change approach

C Stock(1)

C Stock(2)

Emissions/removals = Change in C stocks

Simplifying first order

assumption

Land-Based Sources/Sinks of GHGs

But what does it really mean?Land-Based Sources/Sinks of GHGs• Approach1: Only total areas of each land use

category(e.g. Forestland) at two points in time

• Approach 2: How much area has changed from

one land use category to another(e.g. FL to

GL)?

• Approach3: You know what land use a certain

part on a map has changed from and to. [means

supplement Approach 2 with land-based

measurements and groundtruthing)

Approach 1: Total Land Area

TABLE 3.2

EXAMPLE OF APPROACH 1: AVAILABLE LAND USE DATA WITH COMPLETE NATIONAL COVERAGE

Time 1 (e.g.1990) Time 2 (e.g. 2014)Net land-use conversion between Time 1 and Time 2

F = 18 F = 19 Forest Land = +1

G = 84 G = 82 Grassland = -2

C = 31 C = 29 Cropland = -2

W = 0 W = 0 Wetlands = 0

S = 5 S = 8 Settlements = +3

O = 2 O = 2 Other Land = 0

Sum = 140 Sum = 140 Sum = 0

Note: F = Forest Land, G = Grassland, C = Cropland, W = Wetlands, S = Settlements, O = Other Land. Numbers represent area units (Mha in this example).

E.Cape Province change based on the 30m pixels (change based on standardised areas)

1990 Land Cover 2014 Land Cover Change from 1990 to 2014 Class mapping

Pixels Hectares Pixels Hectares Pixels Hectares % accuracy (2013)

Indigenous Forest 1228483 110563.47 1447897 130310.73 219414 19747.26 17.86 72.6 / 94.64

Thicket /Dense bush 13359572 1202361.48 23983177 2158485.93 10623605 956124.45 79.52 53.74 / 83.64

Woodland/Open bush 2899673 260970.57 6257286 563155.74 3357613 302185.17 115.79 60.84 / 54.13

Low shrubland 49812767 4483149.03 45612154 4105093.86 -4200613 -378055.17 -8.43 70.59 / 61.82

Plantations / Woodlots 1700089 153008.01 1717407 154566.63 17318 1558.62 1.02 89.3 / 94.35

Cultivated commercial annual crops non-pivot 6036456 543281.04 5414653 487318.77 -621803 -55962.27 -10.30 91.91 / 99.54

Cultivated commercial annual crops pivot 112612 10135.08 578446 52060.14 465834 41925.06 413.66 95.38 / 92.42

Cultivated commercial permanent orchards 646710 58203.90 529148 47623.32 -117562 -10580.58 -18.18 92.18 / 95.29

Cultivated commercial permanent vines 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 91.61 / 97.26

Cultivated subsistence crops 8014517 721306.53 8524339 767190.51 509822 45883.98 6.36 89.00 / 94.00

Settlements (incl smallholdings) 7024149 632173.41 6818491 613664.19 -205658 -18509.22 -2.93 93.90 / 98.68

Wetlands 2429514 218656.26 1696628 152696.52 -732886 -65959.74 -30.17 88.07 / 91.18

Grasslands 71195882 6407629.38 77548852 6979396.68 6352970 571767.30 8.92 84.56 / 69.82

Mines 83262 7493.58 44781 4030.29 -38481 -3463.29 -46.22 92.82 / 98.10

Waterbodies 710949 63985.41 689420 62047.80 -21529 -1937.61 -3.03 79.64 / 93.31

Bare Ground 17044376 1533993.84 6305249 567472.41 -10739127 -966521.43 -63.01 98.77 / 97.58

Degraded 5466225 491960.25 597308 53757.72 -4868917 -438202.53 -89.07 78.69 / 85.95

totals 187765236 16898871 187765236 16898871 User / Producer

class accuracies

Real Land Cover Change Data:

Eastern Cape

Soil Categories Data: Eastern Cape

Climate Type Data: Eastern Cape

Selection of Parameters based on

Climate

Estimating Carbon Stock

Changes

Land Use

type

Emission/removal from sum

losses and gainsC

up

tak

e

thro

ug

h G

row

th

Disturbances

2

Gain-Loss method

Gains: Annual increase in Carbon

Stock (1 of 4)Sector Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use

Category Forest Land Remaining Forest Land: Annual increase in carbon stocks in biomass (includes above-ground and below-ground biomass)

Category code 3B1a

Sheet 1 of 4

Equation Equation 2.2 Equation 2.9 Equation 2.10 Equation 2.9

Land-use category

Subcategories for

reporting year

Area of Forest Land

Remaining Forest

Land

Average annual

above-ground

biomass growth

Ratio of below-ground

biomass to above-

ground biomass

Average annual

biomass growth

above- and below-

ground

Carbon fraction of dry

matter

Annual increase in

biomass carbon

stocks due to biomass

growth

Initial land useLand use during

reporting year

(ha)(tonnes dm [tonnes bg dm (tonne

ag dm)-1]

(tonnes dm [tonnes C(tonnes C yr-1)

ha-1 yr-1) ha-1 yr-1) (tonne dm)-1]

National statistics or

international data

sources

Tables zero (0) orGTOTAL = GW * (1+R)

0.5 orΔCG = A * GTOTAL * CF

4.9, 4.10 and 4.12 Table 4.4 Table 4.3

A GW R GTOTAL CF DCG

FL FL

(a) 130310.73 1.2 0.44 1.728 0.5 112588.4707

(b)

(c)

Total

Losses: Annual loss in Carbon Stock due

to Wood-removals (2 of 4)

Sector Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use

Category Forest Land Remaining Forest Land: Loss of carbon from wood removals

Category code 3B1a

Sheet 2 of 4

Equation Equation 2.2 Equation 2.12

Land-use category

Subcategories for

reporting year

Annual wood removal Biomass conversion

and expansion factor

for conversion of

removals in

merchantable volume

to total biomass

removals (including

bark)

Ratio of below-

ground biomass to

above-ground

biomass

Carbon fraction of dry

matter

Annual carbon loss

due to biomass

removals

Initial land useLand use during

reporting year

(m3 yr-1)

[tonnes of biomass

removals[tonnes bg dm [tonnes C

(tonnes C yr-1)

(m3 of removals) –1] (tonne ag dm)-1] (tonne dm)-1]

National statistics or

international data

sources

Table 4.5zero (0) or 0.5 or Lwood-removals = H *

BCEFR * (1+R) * CF

Table 4.4 Table 4.3

H BCEFR R CF Lwood-removals

FL FL

(a) 1000 3.33 0.44 0.47 2253.744

(b)

(c)

Total

Losses: Annual loss in Carbon Stock due

to Disturbance (4 of 4)

Sector Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use

Category Forest Land Remaining Forest Land: Loss of carbon from fuelwood removals

Category code 3B1a

Sheet 3 of 4

Equation Equation 2.2 Equation 2.13

Land-use category

Subcategories for

reporting year

Annual volume of

fuelwood removal of

whole trees

Biomass conversion

and expansion factor for

conversion of removals

in merchantable volume

to biomass removals

(including bark)

Ratio of below-ground

biomass to above-

ground biomass

Annual volume of

fuelwood removal as

tree parts

Basic wood density Carbon fraction of dry

matter

Annual carbon loss due

to fuelwood removal

Initial land useLand use during

reporting year

(m3 yr-1)

[tonnes of biomass

removals[tonnes bg dm

(m3 yr-1) tonnes m-3[tonnes C

(tonnes C yr-1)

(m3 of removals) –1] (tonne ag dm)-1] (tonne dm)-1]

FAO statistics Table 4.5

zero (0) or

FAO statistics Tables 4.13 and 4.14

0.5 orLfuelwood = [FGtrees *

Table 4.4

Table 4.3

BCEFR * (1+R) + FGpart * D] *

CF

FGtrees BCEFR R FGpart D CF Lfuelwood

FL FL

(a) 30000 3.33 0.44 15000 0.440.47

70714.32

(b)

(c)

Total

Approach 2: Land Use Change Matrix

Initial Area

8 1 10

17 17

8 8

12 22 8 78

-2 -5 0 0

15

13

15

1

14

Net Change 1

10 12

Otherland

Init

ial

Are

a

Final Area

3

5

14

1

3

1

Oth

erland

Forest Land

Grassland

Cropland

Wetland

1

10

Fore

st

Land

Settlement

2

Sett

lem

ent

Gra

ssla

nd

Cro

pla

nd

Wetland

9

A look at the sector tree for LUCF(only some

categories)…

LUCF

FL

FL=>FL

Biomass

Soils

Non-CO2 from fire

L=>FL

CL

CL=>CL Biomass

L=>CL

Biomass

Soil

GL

GL=>GL Soil

L=>GL Biomass

WL

WL=>WL Soil

L=>WL

SL

OL

We have chosen to consider only some source/sink categories for demonstration

Conclusions

• Emissions/removals from agriculture and

land use can be from land or livestock

based sources

• IPCC Guidelines contain detailed

methods for estimation of emissions and

removals from these sources

• The IPCC Guidelines has progressively

included more refined methods and

parameter values