1999 OttaSeal Guide Norway NPRA

7/28/2019 1999 OttaSeal Guide Norway NPRA

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Para me ter O tta S ea l Con ventio na l C hip S ea l

Aggregate quality Rela xed requirementsfor:

S tringent requirements for:

- strength

- gra ding

- pa rticle shape

- binder a dhes ion

- dus t content

- strength

- gra ding

- pa rticle shape

- binder a dhes ion

- dus t content

Binder

Design

Construction

technique

Constrution costs

Contractual matters

Aesthetics

Skid resistance in wet

weather

Use on fresh

bituminous base layers

Periodic maintenance

between reseals

Durability of the seal

Maximis es us e of loca lly availa ble natura l gra vel or of the crus hed product.

Re la tively soft binders (low viscos ity) a

re required: 150/200 penetra tion gra deorMC 3000 orMC 800 c utba ckbitumen.

E mpirica l a pproa ch to des ign.Relied earlier to a la rge extent on experience a nd sitetrials.

Rela tively little s ens itivity to s ta nda rdsof workma ns hip. L a bour intens ivemethods ea sy to a pply if des ired.

In mos t ins tances cos ts are lower than ChipS ea ls, up to 40% depending onthe availa bility ofa ggrega te.

Additiona l contra ctua l iss ues need tobe res olved .

An appealing, uniform appearance ca nbe difficult to a chieve. However,s uch an

achievement is not neces sa rily a n indicatorof a good res ult forO tta S ea ls.

P oorer than a C hip S eal that is well designed a nd cons tructed us ing la rge chipping.H owever be tter tha n S lurry S ea ls andAs pha lt Concrete.

Not s uita ble due to the need for highbitumen contents required for quick ris e ofthe binder through the a ggrega te inters tices.

G enera lly little need forperiodic ma intena nce betweenres ea ls.

T he us e ofrela tively s oft binders a nd adens e ma trix enha nces dura bility ofs ea l.

Maximis ed us e of the crus hed product isdifficult, us e of na tura l gra vel is in practiceina ppropria te

R ela tively ha rd binders a re requiredfor neces sa ry s tone retention: (80/100pen. gra de under hot conditions ).

Empiricallybasedrationaldesignmethods .

S ens itive to s ta nda rds of workma ns hip.La bour intens ive methods difficult to apply.

C os t competitive only where good quarries a re loca ted nea rby; the bitumenprice is high and the traffic volumes arehigh

(> 500 vpd).

C ontra ctua l iss ues well-known

Ra nges between a very a ppea ling a nd apoor a ppea ra nce depending on qua lityof cons truction workma ns hip.

Ra nges between the extremes ofexcellent a nd very poor depending on quality ofcons truction workma ns hip.

S uitable, but requires ca reful des ign andcons truction if exces s ive bleeding is tobe avoided.

Rejuvena tion with emuls ion fog s pra ybetween res ea ls is norma lly requiredfor ma inta ining s tone retention.

T he us e ofrela tively ha rd bindersreduces the dura bility of the s ea l.

T ypica l service life: T ypica l service life :

Typical service life - Double O tta S ea l: 12 - 15 yea rs- S ingle O tta S eal with a sa nd coverseal:

- 9 - 11 yea rs

- Double C hip S ea l: 8 - 10 yea rs- S ingle C hip S ea l: 5 - 6 yea rs

Adequa tely workma ns hip is es s entia l


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Material

properties

Requirements AASHTO orBS Test

Plasticity Index max 10 T 90-61

Flakiness Index max 30 (applies only for crushedmaterial) BS 812

Sieve sizes

[mm]

Overall grading requirements

[% passing]

19

16

100

80 - 100T 146-49

13,2

9,5

52 - 100

36 - 98

6,7

4,7520 - 80

10 - 70

2,00

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21/63

Aggregate strength

requirements

Vehicles per

day at the time

of constructionBS Test

Designation< 100 >100

Min. Dry 10% FACT 90 k N 110 k N BS 812

Min. Wet/Dry strength ratio 0. 6 0 0. 7 5

Percent

passing

100 100

90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

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0 00,075 0,425 1,18 2,0 4,75 6,7 9,5 13,2 16 19

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24/63

Grade oftheproduced

cutback

Cutter Notes

RC

(Rapid Curing)

Petrol Hazardous, should not

be used

MC

(Medium Curing)

Kerosene (Powerparaffin

Illuminating paraffin, JetA1

aviation turbine fuel)

Suitable for Otta Seals

SC

(Slow Curing)

Diesel or heavy fuel oils Curing process too

slow for Otta Seals

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25/63

Required

product

Cutter (power paraffin) in percent of total

mixture

80/100 base

bitumen

150/200 base

bitumen

150/2003-5% (flux oil is used

instead ofcutter)-

MC 3000 8 - 10 % *) 5 - 8 %

MC 800 18 - 20 % *) 15 - 18 %

*) The durability of the binder can be improved by replacing 3% - points of the cutter withflux oil where the 80/100 penetration grade is used as base bitumen.

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Bitumen

product

Storage temp. oC Spraying

temp. oC< 24 hours > 24 hours

150/200 165 115 165 - 180

MC 3000 155 100 135 - 155

MC 800 120 75 110 - 135

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28/63

"#7 4

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Grading tobealtered AADT < 100 Any AADT AnyAADT

Choose binder typesand spray ratesaccording to Table 8.3



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Traffic levels and type ofwork Type Otta Seal

Temporary seal (diversions, haul roads,temporary accesses, etc.).

Single Otta Seal

Maintenance resealing (all traffic classes to

which sprayed surfacings are applicable.Single Otta Seal

AADT less than 500Single Otta Seal + sandcoverseal

AADT more than 500 Double Otta Seal

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34/63

AADT Best suited grading

Less than 100 "Open"

100 - 1000 "Medium"

More than 1000 "Dense"

7 /00

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35/63

1. ALTERNATIVE GRADING ENVELOPES

Sieve sizes

(mm)

Open grading

(% passing)

Medium grading

(% passing)

Dense grading

(% passing)

AASHTO orBS Test

designation

19 100 100 100 T 146-4916 80 100 84 100 93 100

13,2 52 82 68 94 84 100

9,5 36 58 44 73 70 98

6,7 20 40 29 54 54 80

4,75 10 30 19 42 44 70

2,00 0 8 3 18 20 48

1,18 0 5 1 14 15 38

BS 1377

0,42 5 0 2 0 6

0,075 0 1 0 2

7 253 10

Any material falling within the Open, Medium and Dense grading envelopes may be used as aggregate in an Otta Seal.However, fora traffic level AADT > 1000 vpd. at the time of construction material within the Open grading envelope shallNOT be used.

2. CHOICE OF BITUMEN IN RELATION TO TRAFFIC AND GRADING

AADT at the

time of

construction

Type ofbitumen

Open grading Medium grading Dense grading

More than 1000 Not applicable150/200 pen. grade MC 3000

MC 800 in coldweather

100 - 1000 150/200 en. rade 150/200 pen. grade inMC 3000MC 800 in cold

cold weather weather

Less than 100 150/200 pen. grade MC 3000 MC 800

80/100 pen. grade bitumen shall NEVER be used in Otta Seals unless softened or cut back to meet theabove viscosity requirements.

The cut back bitumen grades can be made by blending 80/100 pen. grade on site using the

following proportions:

To make 150/200 pen. grade: 3 - 5% softener mixed with 95 - 97 % 80/100 pen. grade.Softener can be a purpose-made petroleum distillate,alternatively engine oil, old or new. In addition 3% points ofpowerparaffin shall be used.

The cut back bitumen grades can be made by blending 150 /200 pen. grade on site using the

following proportions:To make MC 3000: 5 - 8% power paraffin mixed with 92 - 95% 150/200 pen.grade. To make MC 800: 15 - 18 power paraffin mixed with 82 - 85% 150/200pen. grade.


36/63

Circulation in the tank shall be carried out for at least 1 hour aftermixing.

' $ " #


37/63

3. BITUMEN SPRAY RATES

Hot bitumen spray rates for un-primed base course (l/m2)

Grading Open MediumDense

Type ofAADT AADT

Otta Seal100

Double 1 st layer 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,7

2 nd layer (*) 1,5 1,6 2,0 1,9

Fine sand 0,7 0,7 0,6Single, with

a sand coverCrusher dust or

sealcoarse river sand

1 st layer (*)

0,9

1,6

0,8

1,7 2,0

0,7

1,9

Single (*) 1,7 1,8 2,0 1,9

Maintenance reseal (single) 1,5 1,6 1,8 1,7

(*) On a primed base course the spray rate shall be reduced by 0,2 l/m2in the first layer.

Notes: - Where the aggregate has a water absorbency of more than 2%, the bitumen spray rate shall beincreased by 0,3 l/m

2.

- Binder for sand cover seal shall be MC 3000 for crusher dust or coarse river sand, MC 800 for finesand

4. AGGREGATE APPLICATION RATES

Type of seal Aggregate spread rates (m3/m2)

Open grading Medium grading Dense grading

Otta Seals 0,013 0,016 0,013 0,016 0,016 0,020

Sand cover seals 0,010 0,012

In practice, the aggregate application rates will very often be increased in order to reduce the risk of bleeding.

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39/63

Rolling after treatment Minimum requirements

On the day of construction 15 passes with pneumatic roller

(weight > 12 tonnes)+ 1 pass with a static steel roller

For each of the next twodays after construction

15 passes with pneumatic roller(weight > 12 tonnes)

2-3 weeks after construction Sweep off any excess aggregate

Note: During construction a minimum of two pneumatic tyred rollers are required. Onepneumatic tyred roller will either delay the surfacing operations or worse, not be able toroll the newly laid surfacing sufficient.

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Iceland

NorwaySweden

Bangladesh

Kenya

Botswana

Zimbabwe

South Africa

AustraliaVictoria

Country Length Comments

Norway

Sweden

Iceland

Kenya

Botswana

Zimbabwe

SouthAfrica

Bangladesh

Australia (Victoria)

4000 km In 1985 the figure was 12 000 km

4000 km

2000 km +

500 km

1000 km +

80 km Inclusive several trials

One trial, 2 km. About 100km to be Otta Sealed

in1999-2000

20 km + Only labour based methods used

Two trial 2,2 km. 2.2 km in Victoria State/Territory

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46/63

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Otta Seal type Type of roads

Primary Secondary Ratio

Single Otta 500 km 1500 km 25/75

Double Otta 1000 km 1000 km 50/50

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