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1999 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
Edited By
PHILLIP A. FARRINGTON The University of Alabama in Huntsville
HARRIET BLACK NEMBHARD University of Wisconsin - Madison
DAVID T. STURROCK Systems Modeling
GERALD W. EVANS University of Louisville
Pointe Hilton Squaw Peak Resort Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
5-8 December 1999
Contents
VOLUME I
Preface
From the Editors xxiii About the Editors xxiv
About the Conference
Sponsoring Organizations xxvi WSC Board of Directors xxvii WSC '99 Conference Committee xxviii WSC '99 Program Structure and Track Coordinators xxx Referees xxxii The Winter Simulation Conferences xxxiii
Keynote Address
The Use of Simulation in Call Center Optimization 3 Jon Anton
Introductory Tutorials
Simulation Fundamentals
Introduction to Simulation 7 Jerry Banks
Input Modeling
Simulation Input Modeling 14 Lawrence Leemis
Output Analysis
ABC's of Output Analysis 24 Susan M. Sanchez
Design of Simulation Experiments
Designing Simulation Experiments 33 W. David Kelton
Validation and Verification
Validation and Verification of Simulation Models 39 Robert G. Sargent
v
Contents
Simulation in Health Care
A Tutorial on Simulation in Health Care: Applications and Issues 49 Charles R. Standridge
Manufacturing Simulation
Simulation of Manufacturing Systems 56 Averill M. Law and Michael G. McComas
Simulation in Practice
Tips for Successful Practice of Simulation 60 Deborah A. Sadowski and Mark R. Grabau
Applying Simulation in a Consulting Environment - Tips from Airport Planners 67 Williard C. Hewitt, Jr. and Eric E. Miller
Simulation Software
Inside Discrete-Event Simulation Software: How It Works and Why It Matters 72 Thomas J. Schriber and Daniel T. Brunner
Advanced Tutorials
Statistical Selection, Screening, and Multiple-Comparison Procedures
A Ranking and Selection Project: Experiences from a University-Industry Collaboration 83 David Goldsman, Barry L. Nelson, Tracy Opicka, and A. Alan B. Pritsker
Overview of Simulation Optimization
Simulation Optimization Methodologies 93 Farhad Azadivar
Recent Advances in Optimization of Stochastic Simulations
Stochastic Optimization and the Simultaneous Perturbation Method 101 James C. Spall
Input Modeling for Stochastic Simulations
Advanced Input Modeling for Simulation Experimentation 110 Bruce Schmeiser
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Optimization Methods
Input Models for Synthetic Optimization Problems 116 Charles H. Reilly
Overview of Parallel and Distributed Simulation
Parallel and Distributed Simulation 122 Richard M. Fujimoto
Overview of Object-Oriented Simulation
Simulation in an Object-Oriented World 132 Jeffrey A. Joines and Stephen D. Roberts
vi
Contents
Future Simulation Technologies
Simulation: Technologies in the New Millennium 141 Wayne J. Davis
Recent Advances in Verification and Validation
Verification and Validation: What Impact Should Project Size and Complexity Have on Attendant V&V Activities and Supporting Infrastructure? 148 James D. Arthur, Robert G. Sargent, James B. Dabney, Averill M. Law, and John D. Morrison
Software Tutorials I
Arena Product Family
The Arena Product Family: Enterprise Modeling Solutions ; 159 Deborah Sadowski and Vivek Bapat
SLX, Proof, and GPSS/H
SLX: Pyramid Power 167 James O. Henriksen
General-Purpose Concurrent and Post-Processed Animation with ProoFM 176 James O. Henriksen
Simulation Using GPSS/H 182 Robert C. Crain and James O. Henriksen
Extend
Modeling with Extend™ 188 Dave Krahl
AweSim and FACTOR/AIM
Introduction to AweSim 196 Jean J. O'Reilly and William R. Lilegdon
Introduction to FACTOR/AIM 201 Jean J. O'Reilly and William R. Lilegdon
PROMODELand MEDMODEL
Simulation Modeling and Optimization Using PROMODEL 208 Rochelle N. Price and Charles R. Harrell
Healthcare Simulation Modeling and Optimization Using MEDMODEL ... 215 Rochelle N. Price and Charles R. Harrell
AutoMod Product Suite
AutoMod Product Suite Tutorial (AutoMod, Simulator, AutoStat) by AutoSimulations 220 Matthew Rohrer
Taylor Enterprise Dynamics
Taylor Enterprise Dynamics 227 D. Roger Hullinger
vii
Contents
WITNESS
Business Solutions Using WITNESS 230 Arvind Mehta and Ian Rawles
MODSIMIII
MODSIM III and CACI's Applications 234 Brian Wood and Kerim Tumay
Software Tutorials II
SDI Industry Pro
SDI Industry Pro: Simulation for Enterprise-Wide Problem Solving 241 Andrew J. Siprelle, David J. Parsons, and Richard A. Phelps
CSIMI8
"Model, Then Build": A Modern Approach to Systems Development Using CSIM18 249 Herb Schwetman
OptQuest
New Advances for Wedding Optimization and Simulation 255 Fred Glover, James P. Kelly, and Manuel Laguna
ExpertFit
ExpertFit: Total Support for Simulation Input Modeling 261 Averill M. Law and Michael G. McComas
ALPHA/Sim
ALPHA/Sim Simulation Software Tutorial 267 Kendra E. Moore, Jack C. Chiang, and Scott D. Hammer
Simulation Data Exchange
Integrating the CAD Model with Dynamic Simulation: Simulation Data Exchange 276 Shreekanth Moorthy
QUEST/IGRIP and Micro Saint
An Overview of Fully Integrated Digital Manufacturing Technology 281 Scott Freedman
Simulation Interoperability Using Micro Saint Simulation Software 286 Wendy K. Bloechle and K. Ronald Laughery, Jr.
Integrated Toolkit
An Integrated Toolkit for Enterprise Modeling and Analysis 289 Dursun Delen, Perakath C. Benjamin, and Madhav Erraguntla
Web Micro-GPSS in High Schools and OPNET
Micro-GPSS on the Web and for Windows: A Tool for Introduction to Simulation in High Schools 298 Henry Herper and Ingolf Stähl
Network Simulations with OPNET 307 Xinjie Chang
viii
Contents
Analysis Methodology
Bayesian and Decision Based Methods in Simulation
Steps to Implement Bayesian Input Distribution Selection 317 Stephen E. Chick
Using Input Process Indicators for Dynamic Decision Making 325 Michael Freimer and Lee Schruben
Regression Metamodeling in Simulation Using Bayesian Methods 330 Russell C. H. Cheng
Financial Engineering
Variance Reduction of Monte Carlo and Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo Estimators for Stochastic Volatility Models in Finance 336 Hatem Ben Ameur, Pierre L'Ecuyer, and Christiane Lemieux
Efficiency Improvements for Pricing American Options with a Stochastic Mesh 344 Athanassios N. Avramidis and Paul Hyden
Stratification Issues in Estimating Value-at-Risk 351 Paul Glasserman, Phillip Heidelberger, and Perwez Shahabuddin
Efficiency in Simulation Experiments
An Asymptotic Allocation for Simultaneous Simulation Experiments 359 Hsiao-Chang Chen, Chun-Hung Chen, Jianwu Lin, and Enver Yiicesan
Can the Regenerative Method Be Applied to Discrete-Event Simulation? 367 Shane G. Henderson and Peter W. Glynn
Fast Simulation of Broadband Telecommunications Networks Carrying Long-Range Dependent Bursty Traffic 374 Jose R. Gallardo, Dimitrios Makrakis, and Luis Orozco-Barbosa
Ranking and Selection Procedures
Selection Procedures with Standardized Time Series Variance Estimators 382 David Goldsman and William S. Marshall
Designing Simultaneous Simulation Experiments 389 Paul Hyden and Lee Schruben
Simultaneous Simulation Experiments and Nested Partition for Discrete Resource Allocation in Supply Chain Management 395 Leyuan Shi, Chun-Hung Chen, and Enver Yiicesan
Rare Event Simulation
Rare Event Simulation of Delay in Packet Switching Networks Using DPR-Based Splitting 402 Zsolt Haraszti and J. Keith Townsend
Efficient Simulation of a Tandem Jackson Network 411 Dirk P. Kroese and Victor F. Nicola
Simulating Heavy Tailed Processes Using Delayed Hazard Rate Twisting 420 Sandeep Juneja, Perwez Shahabuddin, and Anurag Chandra
ix
Contents
New and Improved Techniques for Old Problems
Simulation-Based Estimation of Quantiles 428 E. Jack Chen and W. David Kelton
On the Implementation of a Smoothed Perturbation Analysis Estimator for a Single-Server Queue with Multiple Vacations 435 Takayuki Tagaki and Naoto Miyoshi
Improved Batching for Confidence Interval Construction in Steady-State Simulation 442 Natalie M. Steiger and James R. Wilson
Planning Queueing Simulations
Sensitivity of Output Performance Measures to Input Distribution Shape in Modeling Queues - 3: Real Data Scenario 452 Donald Gross
Simulating a Nonstationary Poisson Process Using Bivariate Thinning: The Case of "Typical Weekday" Arrivals at a Consumer Electronics Store 458 K. Preston White, Jr.
Sensitivity Analysis of Simulation Output of Parameters of Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes 462 Michael E. Kuhl and Sun Ewe Lim
Simulation Optimization
Optimization over Discrete Sets via SPSA 466 Läszlö Gerencser, Stacy D. Hill, and Zsuzsanna Vägö
Solving Stochastic Optimization Problems with Stochastic Constraints: An Application in Network Design 471 Gül Gürkan, A. Yonca Özge, and Stephen M. Robinson
Iterative Ranking-and-Selection for Large-Scale Optimization 479 Sigurdur Olafsson
Surveys in Performance Modeling
Statistical Methods for Sensitivity and Performance Analysis in Computer Experiments 486 Leslie M. Moore and Bonnie K. Ray
A Survey of Ranking, Selection, and Multiple Comparison Procedures for Discrete-Event Simulation 492 James R. Swisher and Sheldon H. Jacobson
The Main Issues in Nonlinear Simulation Metamodel Estimation 502 M. Isabel Reis dos Santos and Acäcio M. O. Porta Nova
Modeling and Analysis Methodology
Distributed and Parallel Simulation Environments
A Java-Based Simulation Manager for Optimization and Response Surface Methodology in Multiple-Response Parallel Simulation 513 William E. Biles and Jack P. C. Kleijnen
Developing Interest Mangement Techniques in Distributed Interactive Simulation Using JAVA 518 Simon J. E. Taylor, Jon Saville, and Rajeev Sudra
An Investigation of Out-of-Core Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation 524 Anna L. Poplawski and David M. Nicol
x
Contents
Simulation in Systems Design
Simulation-Based Constraint Generation with Applications to Optimization of Logistic System Design 531 Susumu Morito, Jun Koida, Tsukasa Iwama, Masanori Sato, and Yosiaki Tamura
The Development of a Methodology for the Use of Neural Networks and Simulation Modeling in System Design 537 Mahdi Nasereddin and Mansooreh Mollaghasemi
A Monte Carlo Study of Genetic Algorithm Initial Population Generation Methods 543 Raymond R. Hill
Hierarchical and Incremental Modeling
Hierarchical Modeling and Multiresolution Simulation 548 Michael Kantner
Observations on the Complexity of Composable Simulation 553 Ernest H. Page and Jeffrey M. Opper
Incremental System Development of Large Discrete-Event Simulation Models 561 Lars G. Randell, Lars G. Hoist, and Gunnar S. Bolmsjö
Modeling Strategies for Simulation Optimization
SMG: A New Simulation/Optimization Approach for Large-Scale Problems 569 Christopher W. Zobel and William T. Scherer
A Simulation Aided Solution to an MCDM Problem 573 Ferenc Szidarovszky and Abdollah Eskandari
An Algorithm for Goal-Driven Simulation 578 Michel Page, Jerome Gensel, and Mahfoud Boudis
Modular Simulation Environments
Database Oriented Modeling with Simulation Microfunctions 586 Thomas Weidemann
Knowledge-Based Modeling of Discrete-Event Simulation Systems 591 Henk de Swaan Arons
Modular Simulation Environments: An Object Manager Based Architecture 598 Charles R. Standridge
Ranking and Selection in Simulation
A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Screening and Selection with Common Random Numbers 603 Stephen E. Chick and Koichiro Inoue
Evaluating the Probability of a Good Selection 611 Barry L. Nelson and Souvik Banerjee
Sensitivity Analysis in Ranking and Selection for Multiple Performance Measures 618 Douglas J. Morrice, John Butler, Peter Mullarkey, and Srinagesh Gavirneni
Random Number Generation/Design of Experiments
Monkeys, Gambling, and Return Times: Assessing Pseudorandomness 625 Stefan Wegenkittl
Quasi-Monte Carlo via Linear Shift-Register Sequences 632 Pierre L'Ecuyer and Christiane Lemieux
xi
Contents
Comparison of a Two-Stage Group-Screening Design to a Standard 2k"p Design for a Whole-Line Semiconductor Manufacturing Simulation Model 640 Theodora Ivanova, Linda Malone, and Mansooreh Mollaghasemi
Simulation Validation and Output Analysis
Validation of Models: Statistical Techniques and Data Availability 647 Jack P. C. Kleijnen
On the Small-Sample Optimality of Multiple-Regeneration Estimators 655 James M. Calvin, Peter W. Glynn, and Marvin K. Nakayama
Determining a Warm-Up Period for a Telephone Network Routing Simulation 662 Christopher W. Zobel and K. Preston White, Jr.
Simulation Optimization
Optimization via Adaptive Sampling and Regenerative Simulation 666 Sigurdur Olafsson and Leyuan Shi
Polynomial Acceleration of Monte-Carlo Global Search 673 James M. Calvin
An Approach for Finding Discrete Variable Design Alternatives Using a Simulation Optimization Method 678 Young Hae Lee, Kyoung Jong Park, and Tag Gon Kim
Manufacturing Applications
Assembly Process Analysis
Analysis of Electronics Assembly Operations: Longbow HELLFIRE Missile Power Supply 689 Kurt G. Springfield, John D. Hall, and Gregg W. Bell
Design and Evaluation of a Selective Assembly Station for High Precision Scroll Compressor Shells 694 Arne Thesen and Akachai Jantayavichit
Integrating Discrete-Event Simulation with Statistical Process Control Charts for Transitions in a Manufacturing Environment 701 Harriet Black Nembhard, Ming-Shu Kao, and Gino Lim
Operational Policy Analysis I
Comparison of Dispatching Rules for Semiconductor Manufacturing Using Large Facility Models 709 Manfred Mittler and Alexander K. Schoemig
Evaluation of Cluster Tool Throughput for Thin Film Head Production 714 Eric J. Koehler, Timbur M. Wulf, Alvin C. Bruska, and Marvin S. Seppanen
Determining Optimal Lot-Size for a Semiconductor Back-End Factory 720 Juergen Potoradi, Gerald Winz, and Lee Weng Kam
Operational Policy Analysis II
Optimization of Cycle Time and Utilization in Semiconductor Test Manufacturing Using Simulation Based, On-Line, Near-Real-Time Scheduling System 727 Appa Iyer Sivakumar
Use of Dynamic Simulation to Analyze Storage and Retrieval Strategies 736 Mark A. Kosfeld and Timothy D. Quinn
xii
Contents
A Simulation Model to Study the Dynamics in a Service-Oriented Supply Chain 742 Edward G. Anderson and Douglas J. Morrice
Manufacturing Simulation: State-of-the-Art Review
Increasing the Power and Value of Manufacturing Simulation via Collaboration with Other Analytical Tools: A Panel Disussion 749 Onur M. Ülgen, John Shore, Gene Coffman, David Sly, Matt Rohrer, and Demet Wood
Process Validation and Improvement
Ancillary Effects of Simulation 754 Matt Hickie and John W. Fowler
Validating a Manufacturing Paradigm: A System Dynamics Modeling Approach 759 Richard A. Reid and Elsa L. Koljonen
Simulation as a Tool for Continuous Process Improvement 766 Mel Adams, Paul Componation, Hank Czarnecki, and Bernard J. Schroer
Simulation Analyses of Material Handling
A Comparison of the Exponential and the Hyperexponential Distributions for Modeling Move Requests in a Semiconductor Fab 774 Siroos Sokhan-Sanj, Gabriel Gaxiola, Gerald T. Mackulak, and Fredrik B. Malmgren
Reducing Model Creation Cycle Time by Automated Conversion of a CAD AMHS Layout Design 779 Igor Paprotny, Wendy Zhao, and Gerald T. Mackulak
Increasing First Pass Accuracy of AMHS Simulation Output Using Legacy Data 784 Scott Wu, John Rayter, Igor Paprotny, Gerald T. Mackulak, and Joakim Yngve
Manufacturing Modeling Methodology
Development of a Simulation Model for an Army Chemical Munition Disposal Facility 790 Michael A. Berger, Jiuyi Hua, Paul T. Otis, Katrina S. Werpetinski, and Vincent F. Johnston
Interface Driven Domain-Independent Modeling Architecture for "Soft-Commissioning" and "Reality in the Loop" 798 Franz Auinger, Markus Vorderwinkler, and Georg Buchtela
Simulation Optimization with the Linear Move and Exchange Move Optimization Algorithm 806 Marcos Ribeiro Pereira Barretto, Leonardo Chwif, Tillal Eldabi, and Ray J. Paul
Special-Focus Presentations I
Modeling the Human Element
Using Discrete-Event Simulation to Model Human Performance in Complex Systems 815 Ron Laughery
Human Performance Simulation in the Analysis of Advanced Air Traffic Management 821 Kevin M. Corker
xiii
Contents
Industrial Engineering Design via Simulation (Panel)
The New Design: The Changing Role of Industrial Engineers in the Design Process through the Use of Simulation 829 Deidra L. Donald, Nick Andreou , Jeffrey Abell, and Robert J. Schreiber
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications I
On the Corrupting Influence of Variability in Semiconductor Manufacturing 837 Alexander K. Schoemig
Validating Simulation Model Cycle Times at Seagate Technology 843 Navdeep S. Grewal, Alvin C. Bruska, Timbur M. Wulf, and Jennifer K. Robinson
CONLOAD - A New Lot Release Rule for Semiconductor Wafer Fabs 850 Oliver Rose
Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications II
Assessment of Potential Gains in Productivity due to Proactive Reticle Management Using Discrete Event Simulation 856 Sungmin Park, John Fowler, Matt Carlyle, and Matt Hickie,
Operational Simulation of an X-Ray Lithography Cell: Comparison of 200mm and 300mm Wafers 865 K. Preston White, Jr., and Walter J. Trybula
Using Simulation and Genetic Algorithms to Improve Cluster Tool Performance 875 Mathias A. Dummler
Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications III
Capacity Planning for Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication with Time Constraints between Operations 880 Jennifer K. Robinson and Richard Giglio
Criticality of Detailed Modeling in Semiconductor Supply Chain Simulation 888 Sanjay Jain, Chu-Cheow Lim, Boon-Ping Gan, and Yoke-Hean Low
Machine Dedication under Product and Process Diversity 897 Darius Rohan
Modeling Issues in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Modeling Lot Routing Software through Discrete-Event Simulation 903 Chad D. DeJong and Thomas Jefferson
A Model of a 300mm Wafer Fabrication Line 909 Phillip L. Campbell, Darius Rohan, and Edward A. MacNair
Application of Simulation and the Boehm Spiral Model to 300mm Logistics System Risk Reduction 912 Jerry Weckman, Theron Colvin, Robert J. Gaskins, and Gerald T. Mackulak
Appendix
Author Index A3
xiv
Contents
VOLUME II
Construction Engineering and Project Management
Simulation Applications in Construction I
Construction of a Dam Embankment with Nonstationary Queues 921 Photios G. Ioannou
Application of Simulation in Trenchless Renewal of Underground Urban Infrastructure 929 Jason S. Lueke, Samuel T. Ariaratnam, and Simaan M. AbouRizk
Activity Scheduling in the Dynamic, Multi-Project Setting: Choosing Heuristics through Deterministic Simulation 937 Robert C. Ash
Simulation Applications in Construction II
Simulation of the Structural Steel Erection Process 942 Anil Sawhney, Andre Mund, and Jennifer Marble
Special Purpose Simulation Template for Utility Tunnel Construction 948 Simaan M. AbouRizk, Janaka Y. Ruwanpura, K. C. Er, and Siri Fernando
Real World Applications of Construction Process Simulation 956 Daniel W. Halpin and Luis-Henrique Martinez
Using Simulation for Decision Support
Who Serves Whom? Dynamic Resource Matching in an Activity-Scanning Simulation System 963 Photios G. Ioannou and Julio C. Martinez
Product-Based Model Representation for Integrating 3D CAD with Computer Simulation 971 Jianfei Xu and Simaan AbouRizk
Travel-Time Simulation to Locate and Staff Temporary Facilities under Changing Construction Demand 978 Iris D. Tommelein
Construction Simulation Environments and Tools
Java-Based Simulation of Construction Processes Using Silk 985 Anil Sawhney, Jayachandran Manickam, Andre Mund, and Jennifer Marble
Iconic Animation of Construction Simulation 992 Jonathan Jingsheng Shi and H. Zhang
Simphony: An Environment for Building Special Purpose Construction Simulation Tools 998 Dany Hajjar and Simaan AbouRizk
Input Modeling and Decision Support
A Case Study in the Quantification of a Change in the Conditions of a Highway Construction Operation 1007 Haldun Cor and Julio C. Martinez
Defining a Beta Distribution Function for Construction Simulation 1010 Javier Fente, Kraig Knutson, and Cliff Schexnayder
xv
Contents
Developing the Statistical Parameters for Simultaneous Variation in Final Payload and Total Load Time 1016 Govindan Kannan, Michael C. Vorster, Julio C. Martinez
Military Applications
Military Keynote Address
The Nexus of Simulation with Command and Control: What Each Community Can Offer the Other 1025 W. H. Lunceford, Jr.
Focus Paper on Distributed Simulation
Distributed Simulation with Federated Models: Expectations, Realizations and Limitations 1026 Richard E. Nance
High Level Architecture I
Lessons Learned from the Design and Execution of a Federation for Joint Experimentation 1032 Anita A. Zabek
Experiences in the NATO Pre-Pathfmder DiMuNDS 2000 Federation 1039 Richard A. Briggs and Joost Hamers
FEDEP V1.4: An Update to the HLA Process Model 1044 Robert Lutz
Military M&S I
OOTW Impact Analysis 1050 Dean S. Hartley, III, Richard E. Bell, and Stephen L. Packard
Modeling Leadership Effects and Recruit Type in an Army Recruiting Station 1059 Edward L. McLarney, J. O. Miller, Kenneth W. Bauer, Jr., and Robert Fancher
Networked Simulation with HLA and MODSIM III 1065 Glen D. Johnson
M&S Supported Acquisition
Simulation to Support Operational Testing: A Practical Application 1071 Bradford S. Canova, Peter H. Christensen, Michael D. Lee, Bruce R. Tripp, Michael H. Pack, and David L. Pack
An Example of Simulation Use in Army Weapon System Development 1079 Ann H. Kissell
Simulation Environments for the Design and Test of an Intelligent Controller for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles 1088 Michael W. Roeckel, Robert H. Rivoir, Ronald E. Gibson, and Stephen P. Linder
High Level Architecture II
Automated Distributed System Testing: Designing an RTI Verification System 1094 John Tufarolo, Jeff Nielsen, Susan Symington, Richard Weatherly, Annette Wilson, James I vers, and Timothy C. Hyon
Automated Distributed System Testing: Application of an RTI Verification System 1103 John Tufarolo, Jeff Nielsen, Susan Symington, Richard Weatherly, Annette Wilson, James Ivers, and Timothy C. Hyon
xvi
Contents
Application of the Analysis Federate in the Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation Joint Test Force Electronic Warfare Phase II Test 1109 William S. Murphy, Jr. and Michael L. Roane
Analytical Modeling in Support of Military Operations
The Exclusion Zone Model—A Development Methodology 1118 Paul Rendell and Alan Cowdale
Modelling Military Requirements for Non-Warfighting Operations 1125 David Frankis, Noel Corrigan, and Robert Bailey
The Modelling of Tactics and Procedures Using a Component Based System 1131 Phillip Martin
Advanced Modeling and Simulation Techniques
Multitrajectory Simulation Performance for Varying Scenario Sizes 1137 John B. Gilmer, Jr. and Frederick J. Sullivan
Maneuver Warfare Distillations: Essence not Verisimilitude 1147 Gary E. Home
Using Adaptive Agents in Java to Simulate U.S. Air Force Pilot Retention 1152 Martin P. Gaupp and Raymond R. Hill
Military M&S II
TALUS - An Object Oriented Air Combat Simulation 1160 Sigurd Glaerum
Distributed Real-Time Simulation for Intruder Detection System Analysis 1168 Jeffrey S. Smith, Brett A. Peters, Sabina E. Jordan, and Mark K. Snell
Tactical Logistics and Distribution System (TLoaDS) Simulation 1174 David J. Parsons and L. C. Krause
Logistics, Transportation, & Distribution Applications
Ground Transportation Applications I
Evaluating the Potential Benefits of a Rail Traffic Movement Planning Algorithm 1181 Paul M. Jülich, Charles G. Martin, Stephen L. Brazleton, and Daniel F. Curtiss
Evaluating Strategies to Improve Railroad Performance—A System Dynamics Approach 1186 Jack B. Homer, Thomas E. Keane, Natasha O. Lukiantseva, and Dave W. Bell
Parametric Modeling in Rail Capacity Planning 1194 Harald Krueger
Supply Chain Management Applications I
CSCAT: The Compaq Supply Chain Analysis Tool 1201 Rick G. Ingalls and Cynthia Kasales
Supply Chain vs. Supply Chain: Using Simulation to Compete Beyond the Four Walls 1207 George Archibald, Nejat Karabakal, and Paul Karlsson
A Four Step Methodology for Using Simulation and Optimization Technologies in Strategic Supply Chain Planning 1215 Donald A. Hicks
xvii
Contents
Airport & Aerospace Applications I
An Aircraft Taxi Simulation Model for the United Parcel Service Louisville Air Park 1221 W. Swain Ottman, Angela C. Ford, and Gregory R. Reinhardt
Analysis and Simulation of Passenger Flows in an Airport Terminal 1226 Michel R. Gatersleben and Simon W. van der Weij
Proactive Flight Schedule Evaluation at Delta Airlines 1232 Bruce Schumacher
Port & Maritime Applications
A Flexible Interface and Architecture for Container and Intermodal Freight Simulations 1238 Beth C. Kulick and James T. Sawyer
Operative Requirements and Advances for the New Generation Simulators in Multimodal Container Terminals 1243 Agostino G. Bruzzone, Pietro Giribone, and Roberto Revetria
Logistics Issues in Autonomous Food Production Systems for Extended Duration Space Exploration 1253 Reza Naghshineh-pour, Nicole Williams, and Bala Ram
Logistics & Distribution Applications I
Sizing Industrial Rail Car Fleets Using Discrete-Event Simulation 1258 William R. Lesyna
Process and Material Handling Models Integration 1262 Michael Norman, Deron Tinsley, Jerry Barksdale, Otto Wiersholm, Philip Campbell, and Edward MacNair
A Simulation of the Product Distribution in the Newspaper Industry 1268 Marelys L. Garcia, Martha A. Centeno, and Gabriela Penaloza
Ground Transportation Applications II
Designing the Westerscheldetunnel Toll Plaza Using a Combination of Queueing and Simulation 1272 Nico M. van Dijk, Mark D. Hermans, Maurice J. G. Teunisse, and Henk Schuurman
Key Factors in Road-Rail Mode Choice in India: Applying the Logistics Cost Approach 1280 Peter D. Cook, Sanjay Das, Andreas Aeppli, and Carl Martland
Train Performance and Simulation 1287 Paul Martin
Airport & Aerospace Applications II
Using Airspace Simulation to Assess Environmental Improvements from Free Flight and CNS/ATM Enhancements 1295 David K. Chin and Fran Melone
Using Simulation to Choose Between Rental Car Lot Layouts 1302 Todd M. Johnson
Using Simulation to Influence Foreign Policy 1306 Michael Carter, Mark R. Grabau, and Michael Kram
Logistics & Distribution Applications II
Integrated Manufacturing Logistics: Byproducts Can Be Critical 1310 Charles H. White and Bing W. Tsai
xviii
Contents
Scaleable Integration Model for Objective Resource Capability Evaluations (SIM-FORCE) 1316 Tony Gossard, Nancy Brown, Steve Powers, and David Crippen
A Practical Module-Based Simulation Model for Transshipment-Inventory Systems 1324 Soemon Takakuwa and Tsukasa Fujii
Supply Chain Management Applications II
Distributed Supply Chain Simulation in a DEVS/CORBA Execution Environment 1333 Bernard P. Zeigler, Doohwan Kim, and Stephen J. Buckley
Quick Response Replenishment: A Case Study 1341 Russell E. King and Kara Moon
How i2 Integrates Simulation in Supply Chain Optimization 1350 Jeremy Padmos, Bill Hubbard, Tom Duczmal, and Slim Saidi
Business Process Simulation
Business Process Simulation I: Manufacturing and Logistics
Interfacing Simulation with Costing Software to Drive the Transformation from Prototype Manufacturing to High Volume Manufacturing 1359 Catherine M. Harmonosky, Jennifer L. Miller, Scott L. Rosen, Mark T. Traband, Rick Tillotson, and Dave Robbie
BPR and Logistics: The Role of Computational Models 1365 Leon F. McGinnis
eSCA: A Thin-Client/Server/Web-Enabled System for Distributed Supply Chain Simulation 1371 H. Bob Chen, Oliver Bimber, Chintamani Chhatre, Elizabeth Poole, and Stephen J. Buckley
Business Process Simulation II: Practice
Impact of Connection Bank Redesign on Airport Gate Assignment 1378 Michel Turcotte, Gillian M. Mann, and Aaron L. Nsakanda
Business Process Simulation: A Fundamental Step Supporting Process Centered Management 1383 Marc Aguilar, Tankred Rautert, and Alexander J. G. Pater
Simulation Assisted Product Development Program Planning 1393 Mark R. Grabau and Gregory R. Clay
Business Process Simulation III: Continuous Improvement
The Use of Simulation in Process Reengineering Education 1397 Les Pang and William T. Hodson
Reconciliation of Business and Systems Modelling via Discrete Event Simulation 1403 George M. Giaglis, Ray J. Paul, and Alan Serrano
"Personnel Forecasting Strategic Workforce Planning": A Proposed Simulation Cost Modeling Methodology 1410 Stephen R. Parker and John A. Marriott
Future of Simulation
Web-Based Simulation I
A Hybrid Visual Environment for Models and Objects 1417 Paul A. Fishwick
xix
Contents
Web-Based Simulation Visualization Using Java3D 1425 Chad F. Salisbury, Steven D. Fair, and Jason A. Moore
Scenario Management in Web-Based Simulation 1430 Andrew F. Seila and John A. Miller
Web-Based Simulation II
Component-Based Simulation on the Web? 1438 Michael Pidd, Noelia Oses, and Roger J. Brooks
Web-Based Analysis and Distributed IP 1445 Philip A. Wilsey
VRML for Urban Visualization 1454 Lee A. Belfore, III and Rajesh Vennam
Emerging Elements of Simulation's Future
A Global Synchronization Network for a Non-Deterministic Simulation Architecture 1460 Marc Bumble and Lee Coraor
Scaling, Hierarchical Modeling, and Reuse in an Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation System 1470 Thorsten Daum and Robert G. Sargent
Simulation in the Next Millennium 1478 Sanjay Jain
Enterprise Wide Simulation
Enterprise Simulations: Theoretical Foundations and a Practical Perspective 1485 Thomas W. Mastaglio
Applications for Enterprise Simulation 1490 Roland R. Mielke
The Application of System Dynamics (SD) Simulation to Enterprise Management 1496 John F. Affeldt
Future of Simulation Software
What Does Industry Need from Simulation Vendors in Y2K and After? A Panel Discussion 1501 Jerry Banks
Future of Simulation Research
Panel: Strategic Directions for Simulation Research 1509 Ernest H. Page, David M. Nicol, Osman Balci, Richard M. Fujimoto, Paul A. Fishwick, Pierre L'Ecuyer, and Roger Smith
Healthcare
Healthcare I
Simulation Modeling as an Aid to Decision-Making in Healthcare Management: The Adjuvant Breast Cancer (ABC) Trial 1523 Lynne P. Baldwin, Tillal A. Eldabi, and Ray J. Paul
Emergency Department Simulation and Determination of Optimal Attending Physician Staffing Schedules 1532 Manuel D. Rossetti, Gregory F. Trzcinski, and Scott A. Syverud
xx
Contents
The Use of Simulation for Process Improvement in a Cancer Treatment Center 1541 Jose A. Sepülveda, William J. Thompson, Felipe F. Baesler, Marfa I. Alvarez, and Lonnie E. Cahoon, III
Healthcare II
GERMS: An Epidemiologic Simulation Tool for Studying Geographic and Social Effects on Infection Transmission 1549 Andrew L. Adams, James S. Koopman, Stephen E. Chick, and Peter J. Yu
Simulating Outpatient Obstetrical Clinics 1557 Mark W. Isken, Timothy J. Ward, and Timothy C. McKee
The Benefits of Simulation Modeling in Medical Planning and Medical Design 1564 Victor E. Lange
Healthcare HI
Determination of Operating Room Requirements Using Simulation 1568 Julie C. Lowery and Jennifer A. Davis
Dynamic Simulation Modeling of ICU Bed Availability 1573 William Cahill and Marta Render
Healthcare Simulation: A Case Study at a Local Clinic 1577 Mark L. Weng and Ali A. Houshmand
Special-Focus Presentations II
Recent Advances in Web-Based Simulation and High Level Architecture
A Widely Deployable Web-Based Network Simulation Framework Using CORBA IDL-Based APIs 1587 Arjun Cholkar and Philip Koopman
The High Level Architecture: Is There a Better Way? 1595 Wayne J. Davis and Gerald L. Moeller
On-Line Data Processing in Simulation Models: New Approaches and Possibilities through HLA 1602 Thomas Schulze, Steffen Straßburger, and Ulrich Klein
Recent Advances in Parallel and Distributed Simulation
Optimistic Parallel Simulation over a Network of Workstations 1610 Reuben Pasquini and Vernon Rego
Web-Based Performance Visualization of Distributed Discrete Event Simulation 1618 Adel S. Elmaghraby, Sherif A. Elfayoumy, Irfan S. Karachiwala, James H. Graham, Ahmed Z. Emam, and AlaaEldin Sleem
The Effect of State-Saving in Optimistic Simulation on a Cache-Coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access Architecture 1624 Christopher D. Carothers, Kalyan S. Perumalla, and Richard M. Fujimoto
Call Center Modeling
Decision Support for Call Center Management Using Simulation 1634 Rupesh Chokshi
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Contents
Call Center Simulation in Bell Canada 1640 Oryal Tanir and Richard J. Booth
Simulation of a Claims Call Center: A Success and a Failure 1648 Roger Klungle
Recent Advances in Conditional Monte Carlo
Computing the Distribution Function of a Conditional Expectation via Monte Carlo: Discrete Conditioning Spaces 1654 Shing-Hoi Lee and Peter W. Glynn
The Phantom SPA Method: An Inventory Problem Revisited 1664 Felisa J. Väzquez-Abad and Manuel Cepeda-Jiineman
Innovative Applications
Estimating Ambulance Requirements in Auckland, New Zealand 1670 Shane G. Henderson and Andrew J. Mason
Simulating the Economic Viability of Crawfish Production: A Two-Stage Approach 1675 Amy C. Hasegawa, Conrado M. Gempesaw, William H. Daniels, and Bernard R. Petrosky
A Simulation Approach for Improving the Efficiency of the Department of Motor Vehicles 1681 Yasser Dessouky and Brian Senkandwa
Recent Advances in Simulation Practice
Enhancing Simulation Models for Emergency Rooms Using VBA 1685 Adriana M. Alvarez and Martha A. Centeno
Case Study: Simulation of the Call Center Environment for Comparing Competing Call Routing Technologies for Business Case ROI Projection 1694 Katherine Miller and Vivek Bapat
Three Sources of Simulation Inaccuracy (and How to Overcome Them) 1701
Stewart Robinson
Author Index 1709
Author Directory 1715
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