1pmEng 102 DefExampleDiscussions Ramage Chapter5

7/29/2019 1pmEng 102 DefExampleDiscussions Ramage Chapter5

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ENG 102 1PM

Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence EffectivelyDefinition Essay Example Discussion


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TO GET US STARTED On a sheet of notebook paper Write your name Would you rather

Read the novelRead sparknotes about the novel


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ENG 102Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively


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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

Sufficiency Typicality Accuracy Relevance


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Sufficiency The more contested a claim or the more an

audience is skeptical, the more evidence isneeded

Dont make argument overly long and tediouswith too much evidence

Word your claim so that audience supports it


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Typicality Evidence should be typical and representative

rather than an extreme instance


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Accuracy Evidence cant be used ethically unless it is

accurate and up-to-date Evidence cant be persuasive unless the

audience believes in the writers credibility(ethos)


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Relevance Argument: I deserve an A because I worked

exceptionally hard. Provides evidence of how hard he worked, but

not why he deserves an A.


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KINDS OF EVIDENCEData from Personal experience

Insufficient (hasty generalization), not typical, notadequately scientific or verifiable Observation/field research

Flaws in how observations were conducted, showinghow data are insufficient, inaccurate, or nontypical Interviews, questionnaires, surveys

Raise doubts about research methodology,questionnaire design, or typicality of interview subjects Library or internet research

Raise doubts about sufficiency, typicality, or relevance


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KINDS OF EVIDENCE Testimony

Question credentials of source, show sources bias, orquotes a countersource Statistical data

Question methods, research design, interpretation ofdata Hypothetical examples, cases, & scenarios

Show implausibility of scenario or offer an alternativescenario

Reasoned sequence of ideas Point to different values or outline differentconsequences


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CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMINGSOURCES OF EVIDENCE What personal experiences have you had with thisissue? What details from your life or the lives of yourfriends, acquaintances, or relatives might serve asexamples or other kinds of evidence? What observational studies would be relevant to thisissue? What people could you interview to provide insights orexpert knowledge on this issue? What questions about your issue could be addressed ina survey or questionnaire? What useful information on this issue mightencyclopedias, specialized reference books, or theregular book collection in your university library provide?


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CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMINGSOURCES OF EVIDENCE What evidence might you seek on this issueusing licensed database indexing sources for

magazines, newspapers, and scholarlyjournals?

How might an Internet search engine help youresearch this issue?

What evidence might you find on this issuefrom reliable statistical resources such as USCensus Bureau data, the Centers for DiseaseControl, or Statistical Abstract of the US?


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DEFINITION ESSAY EXAMPLE DISCUSSION

Each group will have 3 essays. Read the essays. Answer the peer review questions for eachessay (you will have to write on a separate

piece of paper). Rank the essays from best to worst and explain

why.


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FOR WEDNESDAY Definition Essay Rough Draft Read Hacker Chapters 8 & 36 Read Ramage Chapter 6 & answer the

following questions.1. How can one create effective ethos?2. How can effective pathos be created?3. What is kairos?

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1pmEng 102 DefExampleDiscussions Ramage Chapter5