1pmEng 102 Ramage Chapter6 4 PeerReviewDefinition

7/29/2019 1pmEng 102 Ramage Chapter6 4 PeerReviewDefinition

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ENG 102 1PM

Ramage Chapter 6: Moving your AudienceRamage Chapter 4: The Logical Structure of Arguments

Peer Review Definition Essay


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ENG 102 1PM

Ramage Chapter 6: Moving your Audience


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REVIEW LOGOS, ETHOS, & PATHOSLogos Focuses on the quality of the message Focuses on the internal consistency and clarity of theargument and on the logic of its reasons and supportEthos Focuses attention on the credibility of the writer Conveyed through the writers investment in claim;through fairness when considering alternative views;through tone, style, grammar, mechanics, & citationsPathos Focuses on values and beliefs of intended audience Emotional appeal


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HOW CAN ONE CREATE EFFECTIVE ETHOS? Be knowledgeable about issue Be fair Build a bridge to the audience Demonstrate professionalism


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HOW CAN EFFECTIVE PATHOS BE CREATED? Use concrete language Use specific examples & illustrations Use narratives Use words, metaphors, and analogies with

appropriate connotations


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WHAT IS KAIROS?Timing, appropriateness, and proportions of a

message A letter to the editor of a newspaper only has a

one or two day window before a current eventbecomes old news


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ENG 102Ramage Chapter 4: The Logical Structure of Arguments


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REAL-WORLD LOGIC Dont use the word prove because Real-worldarguments seldom prove anything

The best that can be hoped for is to strengthen theresolve of those in agreement or weaken theopposition

Must be grounded in beliefs, assumptions, orvalues granted by the audience Are often unstated If these underlying assumptions arent shared, the

writer has a problem


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ENTHYMEME: THE CORE OF AN ARGUMENT An incomplete logical structure Its persuasiveness depends on an underlying

assumption or belief that the audience mustaccept

If audience is unwilling to supply the missingpremise, then the argument fails

Successful arguments depend both on whatarguer says and on what audience already hasin mind


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THE POWER OF THE AUDIENCE What seems like a good reason to you may notbe a good reason to others Audience-based reasons means finding

arguments that are rooted in your audiencesbeliefs and values


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TOULMIN SYSTEM - THIS BASIC CONCEPTION OFARGUMENT INCLUDES SEVERAL ELEMENTS: A claim Based on some sort of evidence A warrant (common sense rules that people

generally accept as true) that explains how theevidence supports the claim Backing supporting the warrants Qualifications and rebuttals that refutecompeting claims


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TOULMIN ARGUMENT Issue: What car should we buy? Enthymeme #1: We should buy this Hybrid car

because it is economical. Enthymeme #2: We should buy this used Volvobecause it is very safe. Enthymeme #3: We should buy this Mustang

because it is red. Does one of these arguments seem a little odd

or off-base?


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TOULMIN ARGUMENT Each enthymeme depends on an unstatedassumption Audience has to buy into argument in order to

be swayed What is the unstated assumption behind each

enthymeme?


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TOULMIN ARGUMENT Assumption for enthymeme #1: We should buythe car that is most economical (Economy is

the major criterion we should use in selecting acar)

Assumption for enthymeme #2: We should buythe car that is most safe (Safety is the majorcriterion we should use in selecting a car)

Assumption for enthymeme #3: We should buya car that is red (The color red is the majorcriterion we should use in selecting a car)


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TOULMIN ARGUMENTSee example on Weebly


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PEER REVIEW

Exchange Essays Answer questions on Peer Review sheet Return essay and Peer Review sheet to writer


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FOR WEDNESDAY Definition Essay Final Copy Read Hacker Chapters 32, 33, & 37 Ramage Chapter 10 Toulmin Rough Draft

Documents

1pmEng 102 Ramage Chapter6 4 PeerReviewDefinition