1rport.pdf

ACCIDENT ALERT SYSTEM USING GPS

AND GSM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SREEJITH NAIR

PRINCE MATHEW

GINTU CHACKO

VISHNU .P.R

Under the guidance of

Mr. SHINOJ .K. SUKUMARAN

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

2011-2015

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KOTTAYAM

.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ANDCOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

KOTTAYAM-686 501

Certificate

This is to certify that the report entitled ”ACCIDENT ALERTSYSTEM USING GSM AND GPS” is a bonafide record of Grad-

uate Project presented by SREEJITH NAIR(Reg.No:11013453),PRINCE MATHEW (Reg.No:11013438),GINTU CHACKO(Reg.No:11013424) ,VISHNU .P.R (Reg.No:11013460) duringthe year 2014-2015. This report is submitted to Mahatma Gandhi

University, Kottayam in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics And Com-

munication Engineering.

GUIDE CO-ORDINATOR HOD

i

.

Accident Alert System Using GSM And GPS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful to Mr. Shinoj .K. Sukumaran, (Assistant Pro-

fessor, ECE Dept.RIT) for his careful guidance and warm support

throughout the project work. His suggestions have helped this work

take its existing form.

We would like to thank Dr. K. P. Indiradevi, the Principal, RIT

Kottayam. and Dr. Leena Mary, the Head of the ECE Department,

RIT Kottayam for providing the facilities and the right atmosphere

for doing this work.

We are thankful to Mr.Umesh, staf advisor for his valuable sugges-

tions, inspiration and motivation.We are also thankful to all the

teaching and non teaching stafs in Electronics and Communication

Department for their timely assistance.

Above all, We are indebted to the Almighty for bestowing his blessings

through each phase of our work.

SREEJITH NAIR

PRINCE MATHEW

VISHNU .P.R

GINTU CHACKO

RIT,Kottayam ii DEPT. OF ECE,’11-’15

.


ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our

lives easier. The advent of technology has also increased the traffic

hazards and the road accidents take place frequently which causes

huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.

Our project will provide an optimum solution to this drawback. An

accelerometer can be used in a car alarm application so that danger-

ous driving can be detected. It can be used as a crash or roll over

detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With signals from

an accelerometer, a severe accident can be recognized. According to

this project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately force

sensor will detect the signal or if a car rolls over, and Micro electro me-

chanical system (MEMS) sensor will detects the signal and sends it to

mirocontroller. Microcontroller sends the alert message through the

GSM MODEM including the location to police control room or a res-

cue team. So the police can immediately trace the location through

the GPS MODEM,after receiving the information. Then after con-

forming the location necessary action will be taken. If the person

meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone‘s

life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch

provided in order to avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical

rescue team. This paper is useful in detecting the accident precisely

by means of both force sensor and Micro electro Mechanical system

(MEMS) or accelerometer. As there is a scope for improvement and as

RIT,Kottayam iii DEPT. OF ECE,’11-’15

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a future implementation we can add a wireless webcam for capturing

the images which will help in providing driver‘s assistance.

RIT,Kottayam iv DEPT. OF ECE,’11-’15

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2

3 WORKING 6

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 8

4.1 PIC 18F4550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.2 GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.3 GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.4 ACCELEROMETER-ADXL335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.5 FORCE SENSOR-FSR 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.6 GAS SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5 CONCLUSION 15

RIT,Kottayam v DEPT. OF ECE,’11-’15


List of Figures

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4.1 PIC 18F4550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.2 GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3 ACCELEROMETER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.4 FORCE SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

RIT,Kottayam vi DEPT. OF ECE,’11-’15


Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards and the

road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk.This is because of the lack of

best emergency facilities available in our country. An automatic alarm device for

vehicle accidents is introduced in this paper. This design is a system which can

detect accidents insignificantly less time and sends the basic information to first aid

centre within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and angle

in which a vehicle accident had occurred. An alert message is sent to the rescue

team in a short time, which will help in saving the valuable lives. A Switch is also

provided in order to terminate the sending of a message in rare case where there is

no casualty, this can save the precious time of the medical rescue team. When the

accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to the rescue team and to

the police station. The message is sent through the GSM module and the location

of the accident is detected with the help of the GPS module. The accident can be

detected precisely with the help of both Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS)

sensor and vibration sensor. The Angle of the rolls over of the car can also be known

by the message through the MEMS sensor. This application provides the optimum

solution to poor emergency facilities provided to the roads accidents in the most

feasible way.

RIT,Kottayam 1 DEPT. OF ECE,’11-’15


Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

According to [1],Road accidents constitute the major part of the accident deaths all

over the world. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), new

cars and its high-tech safety features have helped to lessen auto related deaths over

the past 12 years. Though it credits technology for lessening auto accidents, yet the

IIHS cannot help accusing bad driving behaviours like drunken driving, speeding

and not using seatbelts for still causing major traffic deaths. Automatic vehicle ac-

cident detection and messag-ing system is an embedded intelligence implanted into

the auto-mobile . The purpose of the project is to find the vehicle where it is and

locate the vehicle by means of sending a message using a system which is placed

inside of vehicle system Most of the times we may not be able to find accident loca-

tion because we don’t know where accident will happen. In order to give treatment

for in-jured people, first we need to know where the accident hap-pened through

location tracking and sending a message to your related one or to the emergency

services. So in this work we are using the basic microcontroller AT89C52 for cost

effective and also for easy understanding. Here we used assembly program-ming for

better accuracy and GPS and GSM modules which helps to trace the vehicle any-

where on the globe. The exact location of the vehicle is sent to our remote devices

(mobile phones) using GSM modem.



According to [2],Significant changes in patterns and intensity of freight movements

are occurring as a result of technological and societal change and the growth in

e-business, the environmental consequences of road based transport systems, and

urban land use and transport systems management policies. One significant prob-

lem for transport and urban policy formulation is the Browne-Allen dilemma of

conflicting objectives relating to urban freight operators and their customers on one

side, and the community on the other. The City Logistics paradigm is one approach

to resolving this problem. City Logistics is the study of the dynamic management

and operations of urban freight transport and distribution systems, aimed at multi-

objective optimisation of the overall performance of urban freight systems in terms of

public and private economic outcomes, congestion management and environmental

impacts. City Logistics seeks to deliver a win-win for business and the community

by ensuring optimum productivity, reliability and customer service whilst reduc-

ing environmental impacts, air pollution emissions, energy consumption and traffic

congestion. Current research is being directed at building city logistics systems sim-

ulation models that optimise transport logistics efficiency under congested urban

traffic conditions, and that reflect the unique commercial, traffic and urban form

characteristics of Australian cities. A case study for Sydney involving the evalua-

tion of likely impacts of transport policies aimed at mitigating the environmental

impacts of urban freight transport was presented. Whilst this case study provided a

simulation of freight transport performance under different policy scenarios and did

not therefore seek the optimal outcomes that a full City logistics analysis would, it

was able to point towards certain policy directions that may be appropriate to this

end.

According to [3],The proposed system consists of in-vehicle GPS receiver, GSM

modems (stationary and in-vehicle), microcontroller. The users of this application

can monitor the location graphically on Google Earth The microcontroller here used

is it has 40 pins it is 8 bit microcontroller. The GSM terminal is an industrial GSM



modem for the transfer of data using 3G technology. In the modern world so many

sensors are available but here pressure senor is used to sense the pressure acting on

the vehicle so accident detection here is done by the pressure sensor, which is used

as accident sensor. The LCD is used to display the GPS location, time, information

about an accident. GPS is used to locate the vehicle location where is goes. The

Buzzer is used to make a sound to indicate a message to the person as “information

is being transmitted”. Power supply unit supplies power to all functioning units.

According to [4],An emergency is a deviation from planned or expected behaviour

or a course of event that endangers or adversely affects people, property, or the

environment. This paper reports a complete research work in accident (automobile)

emergency alert situation. The authors were able to programme a GPS / GSM

module incorporating a crash detector to report automatically via the GSM com-

munication platform (using SMS messaging) to the nearest agencies such as police

posts, hospitals, fire services etc, giving the exact position of the point where the

crash had occurred. This will allow early response and rescue of accident victims;

saving lives and properties. The paper reports its experimental results, gives appro-

priate conclusions and recommendations.A particular country is divided into areas

and the areas are sub-divided into sectors, in every sector, there are police stations.

The GPS/GSM module works with an installed crash detector. This module is

constantly being tracked by the GPS satellite constellations in the orbit. These

satellites make it possible for ground GPS receivers installed in a vehicle to pinpoint

the geographical location and obtain the exact latitude, longitude, speed , altitude

and time of crash of the vehicle, with location accuracy ranging from 1-10 meters

(signal 1). In case of automobile crash, the crash detector sends an activating signal

to the GPS/GSM module, this module is programmed to fetch from the memory,

personalized plate number of the particular vehicle involved; coupled with the GPS

information (i.e. latitude, longitude, speed etc) An SMS message is sent to a com-

munication database server (CDS) (signals 2,3) . The CDS automatically compares



the information received (plate number in this case) with the mapped information

in the memory. The communication database server fetches the above information

alongside the GPS data received(signal 4) and send them to the appropriate agencies

such as nearest FRSC, Police Station, Medical Centers etc (signal 5) for immediate

deployment of paramedic officials as well as all emergency units within the vicinity

of the crash. The road officials could communicate with the vehicle (signal 6) to

find out the exact physical situation of the event, if there are persons in the vehicle

to respond accurately to these questions, (signal 7), the paramedic with the FRSC

informs the nearest hospital or medical centers of the extent of medical attention

needed by the victims(signal 8). All information from sectoral database are sent to

a centralized database for backup(signal 9).

According to [5],This study discusses about designing a Smart Display and Control

(SDC) which will monitor the zone and maintains the specified speed in the zone

levels, which runs on an embedded system. This system includes three modules; au-

tomatic speed control module, accident detection and information sending module

and security enabling module. Automatic speed control module includes RF trans-

mitter placed in specific location and RF receiver in the vehicle. Accident detection

module includes GSM and GPS technology. Security enabling module includes sen-

sory units which ensures the condition of seat belt and the driver. This module

includes alcohol sensor and eye sensor. The smart display and control is composed

of two separate units: Zone status Transmitter unit and Receiver (speed Display

and Control) Unit.



Chapter 3

WORKING

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING

In this block diagram we have a microcontroller PIC 18f4550,an accelerometer, force

sensor,gas sensor,gps and gsm.When accident occurs usually an impact occurs at the

front or back end of the vehicle .The force sensors detects this impact .Accelarometer

is used to sense the angular deviation of the vehicle from a particular position.Gas

detection sensors are used to detect the gas leakage.GSM is used for communica-

tion.And Finally GPS is used for Location tracing.

Figure 3.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM



Our project describes about the AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETEC-

TION AND MESSAGING SYSTEM using GPS and GSM technologies. We are

using PIC 18f4550 in our project.Whenever an accident occurs the sensors senses

it.The GPS receives the location of the vehicle that met with an accident and gives

the information back. This information will be sent to a mobile number through a

message. This message will be received using GSM modem present in the circuit.

The message will give the information of longitude and latitude values. Using these

values the position of the vehicle can be estimated. Modem performs modulation

during transmission and performs demodulation during reception. GSM modem is

similar to mobile phone without any display, keypad, and speakers. It can send and

receive messages and calls. The data will be sent to MAX232 IC through RS232

cable. MAX232 synchronizes the baud rates of modem and microcontroller. It also

converts RS 232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels and vice versa. In RS 232 ,

Logic 0 is represented in between +3 volts to +25 volts, Logic 1 is represented in

between -3 to -25 volts. In TTL logic 0 is represented as zero volts logic 1 is repre-

sented as +5 volts. Microcontroller supports TTL voltage levels rather than RS 232

voltage levels. The received data is given to the microcontroller. Correspondingly

it gives an acknowledgement in the form of an SMS to the mobile phone.



Chapter 4

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1 PIC 18F4550

This family of devices offers the advantages of all PIC18 microcontrollers namely,

high computational performance at an economical price with the addition of high

endurance, Enhanced Flash program memory.In addition to these features, the

PIC18F2455/2550/4455/4550 family introduces design enhancements that make

these microcontrollers a logical choice for many high-performance, power sensitive.

The features of this pic are ,

1.Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the controller from the Timer1 source or the

internal oscillator block, power consumption during code execution can be reduced

by as much as 90. 2.Multiple Idle Modes: The controller can also run with its

CPU core disabled but the peripherals still active. In these states, power consump-

tion can be reduced even further, to as ittle as 4operation requirements. 3.On-

the-fly Mode Switching: The power-managed modes are invoked by user code dur-

ing operation, allowing the user to incorporate powersaving ideas into their appli-

cation as software design. 4.Universal Serial Bus (USB): Devices in the

PIC18F2455/2550/4455/4550 family incorporate a fully featured Universal Serial

Bus communications module that is compliant with the USB Specification Revision



2.0. The module supports both low-speed and full speed communication for all

supported data transfer types. It also incorporates its own on-chip transceiver and

3.3V regulator and supports the use of external transceivers and voltage regulators.

5.Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly monitors the main clock source

against a reference signal provided by the internal oscillator. If a clock failure oc-

curs, the controller is switched to the internal oscillator block, allowing for continued

low-speed operation or a safe application shutdown.

Figure 4.1: PIC 18F4550



4.2 GPS

GPS-634R is a highly integrated smart GPS module with a ceramic GPS patch

antenna. The antenna is connected to the module via an LNA. The module is

with 51 channel acquisition engine and 14 channel track engine, which be capable

of receiving signals from up to 65 GPS satellites and transferring them into the

precise position and timing information that can be read over either UART port

or RS232 serial port. Small size and high-end GPS functionality are at low power

consumption, Both of the LVTTL-level and RS232 signal interface are provided on

the interface connector, supply voltage of 3.6V 6.0V is supported. The smart GPS

antenna module is available as an off-the-shelf component, 100be offered for OEM

applications with the versatile adaptation in form and connection. Additionally, the

antenna can be tuned to the final systems circumstances.

Features are,

1.65 channels to acquire and track satellites simultaneously.

2.Industry-leading TTFF speed.

3.Tracking sensitivity reaches -161 dBm.

4.0.5 PPM TCXO for quick cold start.

5.Integral LNA with low power control.

6.SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS) capable.

7.Cold start 29 sec under clear Sky.

8.Hot start 1 sec under clear Sky.

9.Accuracy 5m CEP.

10.Operable at 3.6V-6V.

11.Both of RS232 and UART interface at CMOS level.

12.Small form factor of 32 mm W x 32 mm Lx 8 mm H.

13.Mountable without solder process.

14.6 pins wafer connector.



15.GSM.

Figure 4.2: GPS

4.3 GSM

GSM is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in Europe and other

parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technolo-gies

(TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compress-es data, then sends it

down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It

operates at either the 900 MHz or 1,800 MHz frequency band. GSM is the de facto

wireless telephone standard in Europe. GSM has over one billion users worldwide



and is available in 190 countries. Since many GSM network operators have roaming

agreements with foreign operators, users can often continue to use their mobile

phones when they travel to other countries.

4.4 ACCELEROMETER-ADXL335

The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with

signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures acceleration with a mini-

mum full-scale range.It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt sensing

applications as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vi-

bration.



Figure 4.3: ACCELEROMETER.

4.5 FORCE SENSOR-FSR 400

Interlink Electronics FSRTM 400 series is part of the single zone Force Sensing

Resistor TM family. Force Sensing Resistors, or FSRs, are robust polymer thick film

(PTF) devices that exhibit a decrease in resistance with increase in force applied to

the surface of the sensor. This force sensitivity is optimized for use in human touch

control of electronic devices such as automotive electronics, medical systems, and

in industrial and robotics applications. The standard 400 sensor is a round sensor

7.62mm in diameter. Custom sensors can be manufactured in sizes ranging from

5mm to over 600mm. Female connector and short tail versions can also be ordered.



Figure 4.4: FORCE SENSOR

4.6 GAS SENSOR

Used in gas leakage detecting equipments for detecting of LPG, iso-butane, propane,

LNG combustible gases. The sensor does not get trigger with the noise of alcohol,

cooking fumes and cigarette smoke.



Chapter 5

CONCLUSION

A working model of Automatic vehicle accident alert system using a GPS and GSM

modems has been implemented successfully. The biggest advantage of our research

is, whenever the sensor is activated we will be immediately getting the acknowl-

edgement from GSM modem to our mobile numbers which are stored in EEPROM,

without any delay. This system locates the accident spot accurately, realizing the

automation of accident detection and messaging system. Consequently, it will save

the precious time required to save the accident victims. Further this system can be

implemented using the force sensor ,accelarometer and gas leakage sensor in order

to make it more efficient.



REFERENCES

[1].InternationalJournalofscientificandengineeringresearch,volume4,Issue

8,August-2013.

[2].Wang Wei, Fan Hanbo- “Traffic Accident Automatic Detection And Remote

Alarm Device” 978-1-4244-8039-5/11/2011 IEEE.

[3].M.A.P TAYLOR – “INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS”- A handbook

of transport systems and traffic control.

[4].“Automatic accident notification system using GSM and GPS modems with 3G

technology for video monitoring” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Elec-

trical and Electronics (IJETEE) Vol. 1, Is-sue. 2, March-2013.

[5].“Vehicle accident alert and locator” International Journal of Electrical and Com-

puter Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 02.

[6].“Wireless accident information using GPS and GSM” September 15, 2012,Re-

search Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Maxwell Scientific

Organization, 2012.


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