Turkish Language - The Demonstratives - "this and that"The Simple Form - "this and that, these and those""bu - this, this here""u - that, that there""o - that over there"Turkish has two words for - "that"Let's get nastyExtended FormsThe suffix "-ca - concerning"Suffixed DemonstrativesExamples of Extended FormsAdverbial FormsThese are called Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives because they demonstrate which item is being mentionedThe Simple Form - "this and that, these and those"bu - this (here) or this (which was just mentioned)bunlar - theseu - that (nearby) or that (which follows on)unlar - those (nearby)o - that (over there, yonder)onlar - those (over there)bu kedi - this catu fincan - that cupo adam - that man over thereThe Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives - this, that, that yonder - use buffer letter -n- when adding further suffixes as the examples show below:."bu - this, this here"The Singular FormsThe Plural Forms

bu - thisbunlar - these

buna - to thisbunlara - to these

bunun - of thisbunlarn - of these

bunu - this (object)bunlar - these (obj.)

bunda - in/on/at thisbunlarda - in/etc. these

bundan - from thisbunlardan - from these

bununla - with thisbunlarla - with these

"u - that, that there"The Singular FormsThe Plural Forms

u - thatunlar - those

una - to thatunlara - to those

unun - of thatunlarn - of those

unu - that (object)unlar - those (obj.)

unda - in/on/at thatunlarda - on those

undan - from thatunlardan - from those

ununla - with thatunlarla - with those

"o - that over there"The Singular FormsThe Plural Forms

o - that yonderonlar - those yonder

ona - to thatonlara - to those

onun - of thatonlarn - of those

onu - that (object)onlar - those (obj.)

onda - in/on/at thatonlarda - on those

ondan - from thatonlardan - from those

onunla - with thatonlarla - with those

Turkish has two words for - "that"(1) u - signifies something near by OR something between the speakers.It also means - that which follows - eg. u tavsiye - the following recommendation.Let's get nastyCare must be taken using - u - and its extensions as it is also used in a derogatory sense (according to context) - see below.u adama bakn! - Look at that bloke!unu istemedim - I didn't want that! - (damn thing)u herif kim? - Who the hell is that fellow? - (herif - "fellow, guy, bloke")(2) O - signifies items far away or which does not lie between the speakers.O - is often used for descriptions of happenings in foreign countries and cities.When adding any suffixes including the plural suffix -lar buffer letter -n- is always used with the Demonstratives - thus forming -nlar as the Plural Suffix.Extended FormsThese extended suffixed forms show the use of the buffer -n- which is always used with the demonstrative.The suffix "-ca - concerning"This is used with the Demonstrative Pronoun to produce - bunca - all this, bunlarca - all these, onca - all that, onlarca - all those. Although - unca - or - unlarca - are not normally in use - however - it is sometimes used disparagingly. However, in Turkish it could be used to despise something in quantity or magnitude , or someone in muscular power. For instance, if someone has a small wound due to some reason and complaining too much about it then you could say - unca/uncacik, yaradan lmezsin - You won't die from such a small wound (surely not..!.)bunca and onca are plural and they take a singular object.bunca kedi, onca kedi - all these/those cats - is similar to Bu kediler , o kediler. - theses cats, those cats.Thanks to Onur stnel for the notes above. - Jan 2007 Suffixed DemonstrativesThese extended suffixed forms show the use of the buffer -n- which is always used with the demonstrative.The Singular Forms

bunuthis (Obj.)unuthat nearby (Obj.)onuthat yonder (Obj.)

bunato thisunato that nearbyonato that yonder

bundanfrom thisundanfrom that nearbyondanfrom that yonder

bundain/on/at thisundain/on/at that nearbyondain/on/at that yonder

buncaall this(unca - Not used)(Lacking)oncaall that yonder

The Plural Forms

bunlarthese (Obj.)unlarthose (nearby) (Obj.)onlarthose (yonder) (Obj.)

bunlarato theseunlarato those (nearby)onlarato those (yonder)

bunlardanfrom theseunlardanfrom those (nearby)onlardanfrom those (yonder)

bunlardain/on/at theseunlardain/on/at thoseonlardain/on/at those

bunlarcaall these(unlarca - Not used)(Lacking)onlarcaall those (yonder)

Examples of Extended Formsbu ne? - what's this?Bu bir byk kedi - This is a big cat.Bunca kedi uzun kuyruklu(dur). - All these cats are long tailedBtn bu kediler uzun kuyrukludur. - All these cats are long tailedu ne? - what is that (just there)?u bir gazete - that is a newspaperOnca gazete dnknn. - All those newspapers are yesterday's. Btn o gazeteler dnknn.. - All those newspapers are yesterday's.o ne? - what is that over there?o bir dergi - that is a magazineBunlarca dergi - All these are magazines.bunlar ne? - what are these?bunlar yeil elma. - these (ones) are green apples.unlar ne? - what are those?unlar beyaz evler. - those are white houses.onlar kim? - who are those (people) over there?onlar gen kzlar. - those (people) are young girls.Onlarca kzlar gen. - All those girls are young.buna bakar msnz? - would you look after this? - [-a bakmak = to look after, take temporary care of..]bunlara bakar msnz? - would you look after these?ona bakar msnz? - would you look after that?onlara bakar msnz? - would you look after those?Adverbial FormsThe are further derivations of - bu, u, o - which have produced the words - byle, yle, yle - the meanings are a follows:byle - In this way/thusyle - like this/ thatyle - such as that/like thatThe -ce suffix can also be added to form adverbs:bylece - In this way/thusylece - such as that/like thatByle bir i yapmayn! - Don't do anything like that!Bylece onu yapn! - Do it this way..yle byle - like this, like that - (as French - comme ci comme a)This can be given as an answer when asked - How are you? - [ie. I'm up and down, I'm getting on OK etc..]yle bir ya yad ki.. - There was such a downpour that..The "Formula Speak" - yle mi? - is also used a lot when listening with apparent disbelief to some one describing events. It means something like - Well I never, Go on then, Really?? - This formula is used a lot in normal daily conversation.