2 Envirenment Description

8/6/2019 2 Envirenment Description

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Ch-2: EnvironmentDescription

2.1 Hardware and Software Requirements2.2 Technology Used

Online Real Estate Portal Using Google Map 4


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2.1 Development Environment

The infrastructure contains the basic part to maintain the software. Theparts are Hardware & Software.

Development Environment:

Processor : Intel Pentium Dual Core CPU 2.0 GHzRAM : 2 GB.

HDD : 160 GB.

Operating System : Windows 7Database : Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Documentation:

Edraw Max 5.1

Edraw Flowchart 5.6

Microsoft office Word 2007

Fast Stone Screen Capture

Browser:

Internet Explorer 9.0, 8.0

Mozilla Firefox 4.0 b11

Safari

Opera 11.01

Google Chrome 9.0



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2.2Technology Used

In Each and Every System there is need of two different ends to handlethe System. Each System requires the main Platform to perform all tasks that will appear

in system and these tasks will be performed by only Front end & Back end all databases

are kept in that base. In our software we are using following Front end & Back end.

Front-end:

o Microsoft Visual Studio 2010

o Microsoft Visual Studio Crystal Report

Back-end:

o Microsoft SQL Server 2008

Microsoft Visual Studio 2010(Used As Front-end) :Microsoft Visual Studio is the main Integrated Development Environment (IDE) from

Microsoft. It can be used to develop console and GUI applications along with WindowsForms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services in both native code as

well as managed code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, Windows

Mobile, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft Silver light.

Visual Studio includes a code editor supporting IntelliSense as well as code refactoring.The integrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a machine-level

debugger. Other built-in tools include a forms designer for building GUI applications,

web designer, class designer, and database schema designer. It allows plug-ins to beadded that enhance the functionality at almost every level - including adding support for

source control systems (like Subversion and Visual SourceSafe) to adding new toolsets

like editors and visual designers for domain-specific languages or toolsets for otheraspects of the software development lifecycle (like the Team Foundation Server client:

Team Explorer).

Visual Studio supports languages by means of language services, which allow any

programming language to be supported (to varying degrees) by the code editor and

debugger, provided a language-specific service has been authored. Built-in languagesinclude C/C++ (via Visual C++), VB.NET (via Visual Basic .NET), and C# (via Visual

C#). Support for other languages such as F#, Python, and Ruby among others has beenmade available via language services which are to be installed separately. It also

supports XML/XSLT, HTML/XHTML, JavaScript and CSS. Language-specific

versions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited language services to the

user. These individual packages are called Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#,and Visual C++.



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ASP.Net 4.0 with C#

C# and its Features:

1. C# is a simple, modern, object oriented language derived from C++ and Java.

2. It aims to combine the high productivity of VB and the raw power of C++.

3. It is a part of Microsoft Visual Studio7.0.

4. Visual studio supports Vb, VC++, C++, Vbscript and Jscript. All of theselanguages provide access to the Microsoft .NET platform.

5. .NET includes a Common Execution engine and a rich class library.

6. Microsoft's JVM equiv. is Common language run time (CLR).7. CLR accommodates more than one language such as C#, VB.NET, Jscript,

ASP.NET, C++.

8. Source code-> Intermediate Language code (IL)-> (JIT Compiler) Native code.

9. The classes and data types are common to all of the .NET languages.

10. We may develop Console application, Windows application, and Webapplication using C#.

11. In C# Microsoft has taken care of C++ problems such as Memory management,pointers etc.

12. It supports garbage collection.

Main Features of C#:

1.Pointers are missing in C#.

2.Unsafe operations such as direct memory manipulation are not allowed.

3.In C# there is no usage of "::"or "->" operators.

4.Since it`s on .NET, it inherits the features of automatic memory managementand garbage collection.

5.Varying ranges of the primitive types like Integer, Floats etc.

6.Integer values of 0 and 1 are no longer accepted as Boolean values. Booleanvalues are pure true or false values in C# so no more errors of "="operator and

"=="operator. "==" is used for comparison operation and "=" is used for

assignment operation.



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MODERN:1. C# has been based according to the current trend and is very powerful andsimple for building interoperable, scalable, robust applications.

2. C# includes built in support to turn any component into a web service that can

be invoked over the Internet from any application running on any platform.

OBJECT ORIENTED:

1. C# supports Data Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces.2. (int, float, double) are not objects in java but C# has introduces structures

(structs) which enable the primitive types to become objectsint i=1;String a=i Tostring(); //conversion (or) Boxing

TYPE SAFE:

1. In C# we cannot perform unsafe casts like convert double to a Boolean.

2. Value types (primitive types) are initialized to zeros and reference types(objects and classes are initialized to null by the compiler automatically.

3. Arrays are zero bases indexed and are bound checked.

4. Overflow of types can be checked.

INTEROPERABILITY:

1. C# includes native support for the COM and windows based applications.

2. Allowing restricted use of native pointers.

3. Users no longer have to explicitly implement the unknown and other COMinterfaces, those features are built in.

4. C# allows the users to use pointers as unsafe code blocks to manipulate your

oldcode

SCALABLE AND UPDATEABLE:

.NET has introduced assemblies, which are self-describing by means of their

manifest. Manifest establishes the assembly identity, version, culture and digitalsignature etc. Assemblies need not to be register anywhere.

To scale our application we delete the old files and updating them with new ones.

No registering of dynamic linking library.

Updating software components is an error prone task. Revisions made to thecode can affect the existing program C# support versioning in the language.



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Native support for interfaces and method overriding enable complex frame

works to be developed and evolved over time.

Ajax in ASP.NET:

Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a method of building interactive

applications for the Web that process user requests immediately. Ajax combines several programming tools including JavaScript, dynamic HTML (DHTML), Extensible

Markup Language (XML), cascading style sheets (CSS), the Document Object Model

(DOM), and the Microsoft object, XMLHttpRequest. Ajax allows content on Web pagesto update immediately when a user performs an action, unlike an HTTP request, during

which users must wait for a whole new page to load. For example, a weather forecasting

site could display local conditions on one side of the page without delay after a user

types in a zip code. Data, content, and design are merged together into a seamless whole.When your customer clicks on something on an Ajax driven application, there is very

little lag time. The page simply displays what they're asking for.

Ajax is a way of developing Web applications that combines:

XHTML and CSS standards based presentation

Interaction with the page through the DOM

Data interchange with XML and XSLT

Asynchronous data retrieval with XMLHttpRequest

Characteristics of Ajax applications include:

Continuous Feel

Real-Time Updates

Graphical Interaction

Language Neutrality

Proprietary

Browser Specific



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Data Access In Visual Studio.NET 2010:

Data Environment:

The data environment designer provides an interactive, design time

environment for creating ADO.NET Objects. These can be used as a data source

for data aware object on a form or report, or accessed programmatically asmethods and properties exposed of the data environment object. The Data

environment designer supports all the functionality of Visual Studio. Nets user

connection designer, as well as edition features, including drag and drop,hierarchies, grouping and aggregates.

ADO.NET Data Control:

A New ADO.NET data source control that functions much like the

intrinsic Data and Remote Data control, in that it allows you to create a databaseapplication with minimum code.

Data Report:Allow you to use drag and drop to quickly create reports from any record

set, including hierarchical record sets.

Data Sources:

Create User control and classes that are data sources, to which other

controls can be bound.

Data View Window:

You can use the data view window to browse all of the databases. You

are connected to and see their tables, views, stored procedures, etc.

SQL Editor:

Allow you to add new stored procedures to existing SQL Server andoracle databases. You can write triggers using the editor too.

GridView Control:

A System Data sqlclient version of DBgird, the control allows you to

quickly build an application to view and edit record sets. It also supports the new

ADO.NET data control.

Data List Control, DropDown Controls:



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These Controls are System.Data.sqlclient versions of the DBList and

DBCombo Controls. They also support the new ADO.NET Data Control.



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Crystal Reports for Visual Studio.Net:

Crystal report comes in various flavors and the one that is required for buildingreports for .NET is Crystal Report for Visual Studio .NET. It exposes a rich

programming model with which we could manipulate its properties and methods duringruntime. If you are developing your .NET applications using Visual Studio.NET then

you wont have to install any additional software as it is already built into Visual

Studio.NET

Advantages:

Some of the major advantages of using crystal Report for VisualStudio.NET are:

Rapid report development.Can extend it to complicated reports with interactive charts.Expose a report object model using which it can interact withother controls on the web form.

Can programmatically export the reports into widely used formats like.pdf, .doc, xls, .html and .rtf

The Architecture:

The Various components that make up a simple implementation of crystal

report as a 3-tier architecture, required for web application.

The Client:

The Client only needs a browser to access the reports which are

embedded into the .aspx pages.

The Web Server hosts the:

Crystal Report Engine (CREngine .dll)Alone with other tasks like merging the data with the report file,

exploiting reports into different formats, etc. It is the report Engine that convertsyour crystal report into plain HTML that is passed on to your .aspx page.

CrystalReport Designer (CRDesigner .dll)The Reports are created from scratch using the crystal report Designer,

with which you could design the titles, insert data, formulas, charts, sub reports,

etc.



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The .rpt Report FileThe First step to implement a report into your web application would be

to create it using the crystal report Designer interface. You will find somereadymade .rpt samples provided with the default installation.

The Data SourceThe way you .rpt file gets the data depends on which method you

choose. You can choose to make crystal report itself to fetch your data without

writing any code for it or you can choose to manually populate a dataset and passit on to the report file. We will look at the various possibilities a little later in this

article.

Crystal ReportViewerWeb Form Control (CDWebformViewer.dll)The Crystal report viewer control web form control that can be inserted

into your .aspx page. It can be thought of as a container that hosts the report on

the .aspx page.

Implementation Models :

Fetching the data for the crystal report could be done by using any ofthe following methods:

Pull modelWhere in crystal report handles the connection to the database using

the specified driver and populates the report with the data, when requested.

Push modelWhere it is the developer who has to write code to handle the

connection and populate the dataset, and pass it on to the report. Theperformance can be optimized in this manner by using connection sharing and

manually limiting the number or records that are passed on to the report.

Report Types :

Crystal report designer can load reports that are included into theproject as well as those that are independent of the project.

Strongly Typed Report



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When you add a report file into the project, it becomes a strongly

typed report. In this case, you will have the advantage or directly creating can

instance of the report object. This could reduce a few lines of the code, andcaching it to improve performance. The related .vb file, which is hidden, can beviewed using the editors show all file icon in the solution explorer.

UN Typed ReportThose reports that are not included into the project are un-typed reports.

In this case, you will have to create an instance of the crystal report engines

Report Document object and manually load the report into it.

Other things you should Know:

Though the crystal report viewer control comes with some cool in-builtoptions like zooming, page navigation, etc. it does not have a custom print

option. You will have to depend on the browsers print feature.



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Introduction toMicrosoft SQL Server 2008

The latest version of SQL Server, SQL Server 2008, was released (RTM) on August 6,2008 and aims to make data management self-tuning, self organizing, and self

maintaining with the development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide

near-zero downtime. SQL Server 2008 also includes support forstructured and semi-

structured data, including digital media formats for pictures, audio, video and othermultimedia data. In current versions, such multimedia data can be stored

as BLOBs (binary large objects), but they are generic bit streams. Intrinsic awareness of

multimedia data will allow specialized functions to be performed on them. Accordingto Paul Flessner, senior Vice President, Server Applications, Microsoft Corp., SQL

Server 2008 can be a data storage backend for different varieties of data: XML, email,

time/calendar, file, document, spatial, etc as well as perform search, query, analysis,sharing, and synchronization across all data types.

Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a Spatial data type forlocation-dependent data. Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is

provided using the new FILESTREAM data type, which can be used to reference any

file stored on the file system. Structured data and metadata about the file is stored in

SQL Server database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system.Such files can be accessed both via Win32 file handling APIs as well as via SQL Server

using T-SQL; doing the latter accesses the file data as a BLOB. Backing up and

restoring the database backs up or restores the referenced files as well. SQL Server 2008

also natively supports hierarchical data, and includes T-SQL constructs to directly dealwith them, without using recursive queries.

SQL Server includes better compression features, which also helps in improving

scalability. It enhanced the indexing algorithms and introduced the notion of filtered

indexes. It also includes Resource Governor that allows reserving resources for certain

users or workflows. It also includes capabilities fortransparent encryption of data (TDE)as well as compression of backups. SQL Server 2008 supports theADO.NET Entity

Frameworkand the reporting tools, replication, and data definition will be built around

the Entity Data Model. SQL Server Reporting Services will gain charting capabilitiesfrom the integration of the data visualization products from Dundas Data Visualization,

Inc., which was acquired by Microsoft. On the management side, SQL Server 2008includes the Declarative Management Framework which allows configuring policies andconstraints, on the entire database or certain tables, declaratively.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#RTMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-tuninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_large_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Flessner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_encryptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET_Entity_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET_Entity_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_Data_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Server_Reporting_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundas_Data_Visualization,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundas_Data_Visualization,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#RTMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-tuninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_large_objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Flessner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_encryptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET_Entity_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADO.NET_Entity_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_Data_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Server_Reporting_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundas_Data_Visualization,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundas_Data_Visualization,_Inc.


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.NET Framework:

.NET is a framework that covers all the layers of software developmentabove the OS.

Program Interface

Web Forms Web Services Windows Form

.NET Framework Base Classes

Namespaces

(ADO.NET, IO, Security, etc)

Common Language Runtime

-Memory Management

- Common Type System- Life Cycle Monitoring

Program Interface

The top layer includes user and program Interface which include ways to

render and manage user. Interface like windows forms, web forms, web services,

console application etc.

.NET Framework Base Classes

The .NET Framework class library is comprised of namespaces. Each

namespace contains type that you can use in your program: classes, structures,

enumerations, delegates and interface.

Namespaces provide scope: Two classes with the same name can be used in yourprogram as long as they are in different namespaces and as long as you qualify the

names to the namespaces. The namespaces name is part of the fully qualified nameof the type (namespaces .type name).

Namespaces helps to organize object libraries and hierarchies, simplify objectreferences. Prevent ambiguity when referring to objects, and control the scope ofobject identifiers. The namespaces for a class allows the CLR to unambiguously

identify that class in available .NET libraries that it can load.

The .NET Framework includes classes, interfaces, and value types that expediteand optimize the development process. It provides access to system functionality. It

is designed to be the foundation on which .NET Framework application,



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components, and controls are built to facilitate interoperability between languages.

The .NET Framework types are CLS-compliant and can therefore be used from any

programming language whose compiler conforms to the common languagespecification (CLS).

Common Language Runtime

Common Type System

Intermediate

Language(IL ) to

native code compiler

Execution Support

(Traditional

Runtime

support)

Security

Garbage Collection, Code manager

Class Loader and memory layout

Component of CLR

At the base of or foundation is the Common Languages Runtime(CLR). It includes CTS, Memory management, Garbage Collection etc.

The common languages runtime manages memory thread execution, code safetyverification, compilation and other system services. These features are intrinsic to

the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.

The runtime handles object lifetimes. The CLR manages references to object andremoves them from memory when all the references are gone. Thought the processknown as garbage collection, Garbage collection eliminates memory leaks as well as

some other common programming errors.

The common type system defines how types are declared, used, and managed inthe runtime, and is also an important part of the runtimes support for cross-languageintegration.

The common type system performs the following functions: Establishes a framework that helps enable cross-language

integration, type safety, and high performance code execution. Provides an object-oriented model that supports the completeimplementation of many programming languages.

Defines rules that languages must follow, which helps ensure that

object written in different languages can interact with each other.

The goals of CLR are as follows:



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The Secure and robust execution Environment

Simplified development process

Multilanguage Support and the ability to easily use componentsdeveloped in order languages. It is done though the Common Type System.

Simplified management and simplified deployment



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What is Database?

A Database is a collection of information that is related to a particular subject

or purpose, such as tracking customer orders or maintaining a music collection. If yourdatabase is not stored on computer, or parts of it are, you may be tracking information

from a variety of sources that you have to coordinates and organize yourself.

For example, suppose the phone numbers of your suppliers are stored invarious locations: in a card file containing supplier phone numbers, in product

information files in a file cabinet, and in a spreadsheet containing order information. If a

suppliers phone numbers changes, you might have to update that information in all

three places. In a database, however, you only have to update that information in one

place- the suppliers phone number is automatically updated wherever you use it in thedatabase.

What is a Table?

A Database is a collection of data about a specific topic. For example, atable can contain data about customers or products. Each table organizes data into

columns (called fields) and rows (called records). Field contains a piece of information

about a customer, including the customer ID, company name, contact name & so on.You can work with a table in two views-Design View & Datasheet view.

Datasheet view To add, edit, or analyze the data itself-the list ofemployee names and hire dates you work in the tables Datasheet view.

While looking at a table in Datasheet view, you can also:

Sort the data by any one of the fields (Columns).

Filter the data so that you can see only certain records.

Find records based on the value in a field.

Design view to build or modify the structure of a table, you work in the

tables Design view. Here you tell Access the names of the fields for your table and

specify what kinds of data the fields will hold.


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