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ABSTRACT Hanif Harahap (1104134), Sosial Revolution in Simalungun 1946. Thesis. Graduate Program of State University of Padang. This research aims to trace the factors that led to a social revolution in Simalungun. It also searching for find out the process of social revolution going on, as well as the impact of the social revolution in the Simalungun social structure. The researcher used several documents from the Algemeen Secretarie en de Daarbij Gedeponeerde Archieven 1945-1949 as a primary source in this research. In addition, researchers also use contemporaneous newspaper that covered the event complete social revolution that occurred in Simalungun, such as Merdeka, Boeroeh and Ra‟jat. There are few living witnesses of such events can be interviewed as informants like Nasir Purba, Abdul Rahman Purba, J. Saragih, etc. The data has been obtained, performed source criticism, analysis-synthesis, interpretation and explanation of the history and writing a research report. The research showed the following findings; social revolution in Simalungun is a change of soscial structur with a criminal act that based on sentiment and personal vendettas group of people. Resentment arises due to oppression and domination of the Raja to the people. The entry of the plantation capitalist system in to Simalungun widen the socioeconomic gap between the Raja and the people. Plural society who created by Netherland Oost Indies government through the mobilization of the Tobanesse came to Simalungun as well as efforts to bring the Javanesse to Simalungun for the plantation requirements, causing social friction led to a social revolution. During the Japanese occupation a surge peaks pique people to the Raja, because the Raja cooperation with Japan in the suppression of the people. During the Japanese occupation of the people is also provoked the Japanese to destroy all the powers associated with the Netherlands and the Allies. After the independence of Indonesia, Xarim M.S., and the other Marxists‟ leader in East Coast Sumatra mobilize the Simalungun youth to make a social revolution the Raja. The impact of social revolution in Simalungun, the Raja that survived have loss his power, rights, meaning and function. Instead of people taking power and rights of Raja.

2 Hanif Harahap (1104134), Sosial Revolution in Simalungun ...pustaka.unp.ac.id/file/abstrak_kki/abstrak_TESIS/4...yang semakin mendorong terjadinya revolusi sosial. Masa pendudukan

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ABSTRACT

Hanif Harahap (1104134), Sosial Revolution in Simalungun 1946. Thesis.

Graduate Program of State University of Padang.

This research aims to trace the factors that led to a social revolution in

Simalungun. It also searching for find out the process of social revolution going

on, as well as the impact of the social revolution in the Simalungun social

structure.

The researcher used several documents from the Algemeen Secretarie en

de Daarbij Gedeponeerde Archieven 1945-1949 as a primary source in this

research. In addition, researchers also use contemporaneous newspaper that

covered the event complete social revolution that occurred in Simalungun, such as

Merdeka, Boeroeh and Ra‟jat. There are few living witnesses of such events can

be interviewed as informants like Nasir Purba, Abdul Rahman Purba, J. Saragih,

etc. The data has been obtained, performed source criticism, analysis-synthesis,

interpretation and explanation of the history and writing a research report.

The research showed the following findings; social revolution in

Simalungun is a change of soscial structur with a criminal act that based on

sentiment and personal vendettas group of people. Resentment arises due to

oppression and domination of the Raja to the people. The entry of the plantation

capitalist system in to Simalungun widen the socioeconomic gap between the Raja

and the people. Plural society who created by Netherland Oost Indies government

through the mobilization of the Tobanesse came to Simalungun as well as efforts

to bring the Javanesse to Simalungun for the plantation requirements, causing

social friction led to a social revolution. During the Japanese occupation a surge

peaks pique people to the Raja, because the Raja cooperation with Japan in the

suppression of the people. During the Japanese occupation of the people is also

provoked the Japanese to destroy all the powers associated with the Netherlands

and the Allies. After the independence of Indonesia, Xarim M.S., and the other

Marxists‟ leader in East Coast Sumatra mobilize the Simalungun youth to make a

social revolution the Raja. The impact of social revolution in Simalungun, the

Raja that survived have loss his power, rights, meaning and function. Instead of

people taking power and rights of Raja.

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ABSTRAK

Hanif Harahap (1104134). Revolusi Sosial Di Simalungun Tahun 1946. Tesis.

Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Padang.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mendorong

terjadinya revolusi sosial di Simalungun. Kemudian untuk mengetahui proses

revolusi sosial terjadi, serta dampak yang ditimbulkan dari revolusi sosial dalam

struktur sosial masyarakat Simalungun.

Peneliti menggunakan beberapa dokumen dari Algemeen Secretarie en de

Daarbij Gedeponeerde Archieven 1945-1949 sebagai sumber primer dalam

penelitian ini. Selain itu peneliti juga menggunakan surat kabar sezaman yang

meliput secara lengkap peristiwa revolusi sosial yang terjadi di Simalungun,

seperti surat kabar Merdeka, Boeroeh dan Ra‟jat. Ada beberapa saksi hidup

peristiwa tersebut yang masih bisa diwawancari sebagai informan, seperti Nasir

Purba, Abdul Rahman Purba, J. Saragih dan lainnya. Data yang telah diperoleh,

dilakukan kritik sumber, analisis-sintesis, interpretasi dan penjelasan sejarah serta

penulisan laporan penelitian.

Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh temuan sebagai berikut; revolusi sosial di

Simalungun merupakan tindakan perubahan struktur dan tatanan sosial lama

dengan cara kriminal yang dilandasi oleh sentimen dan dendam pribadi

sekelompok orang. Dendam tersebut muncul akibat penindasan dan dominasi raja

terhadap rakyat. Masuknya sistem kapitalisme perkebunan ke Simalungun

semakin memperlebar jurang perbedaan sosial-ekonomi antara raja dan rakyat.

Masyarakat majemuk yang diciptakan Belanda melalui mobilisasi orang Toba

datang ke Simalungun serta upaya pihak pengusaha perkebunan mendatangkan

orang-orang Jawa ke Simalungun, menimbulkan pergesekan-pergesekan sosial

yang semakin mendorong terjadinya revolusi sosial. Masa pendudukan Jepang

menjadi pucak luapan kekesalan rakyat kepada raja, karena raja bekerjasama

dengan Jepang dalam menindas rakyat. Pasca kemerdekaan RI Xarim M.S., dan

beberapa pemimpin “kiri” Sumatera Timur memobilisasi para pemuda di

Simalungun untuk melakukan revolusi sosial terhadap raja-raja. Dampak revolusi

sosial di Simalungun, pihak kerajaan yang selamat semakin kehilangan

kekuasaan, hak, makna dan fungsinya.

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