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2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 1
The need for experimental data
in support of IPWG research activities
Bizzarro Bizzarri, CNR/ISAC, Roma, Italy
Albin Gasiewski, NOAA/ETL, Boulder Co., USA
Contents:
• Requirements from IPWG and CGMS for experimental data
• Shortest reminding of the GEM/GOMAS project
• The planned MW/Sub-mm airborne campaign over Europe
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 2
IPWG requirements for experimental data
At the 1st IPWG Workshop in Madrid (23-27 September 2002), the “Research Activities WG”, under the item “Future Sensors”, identified the need for experimental datasets in support of
- the definition of future missions and
- to feed the scientific simulation programmes.
B. Bizzarri was charged to pursue the matter (Recommendation 1).
Soon after, B. Bizzarri and A. Gasiewski started planning for the airborne campaign now being described.
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 3
CGMS recommendation
The IPWG requirement was brought to the attention of the successive sessions of CGMS that finally, at its XXXII session (Sochi, Russia, 17-20 May 2004), approved the following:
Action 32.16 - CGMS recommends that Space Agencies support, as much as possible, the IPWG request for procuring experimental data sets (e.g. by airborne campaigns) to help cloud/precipitation modelling and instrument definition. A report on the support realised for this IPWG request should be given at CGMS XXXIII. Deadline: CGMS XXXIII.
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 4
S-Band Antenna for TT&C S-band antenna
for LRIT
NORTH
DIRECTION
Space Calibration
Tube
NADIR
Solar Wing
3 -meterAntenna
Star Sensors
S-band Antennafor TT&C
The GOMASsatellite
•Mass: 860 kg (“dry": 430 kg)•Electrical power: 500 W•Volume: 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.0 m3
•Data rate: 128 kbps (S-band, compatible with MSG LRIT).
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 5
GOMAS (Geostationary Observatory for MW Atmospheric Sounding)
European sector (1/12 of disk) scanned each 15 minutes.
Simultaneous retrieval of • temperature profile, all weather and in clouds, 30 km resolution• humidity profiles, all weather and in clouds, 20 km resolution• cloud liquid/ice water total column and gross profile, 20 km resolution• precipitation, 10 km resolution.
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 6
Atmospheric spectrum in the MW/Sub-mm range (Klein and Gasiewski, 2000).
Preferred bands - for O2 (temperature): 54 GHz, 118 GHz, 425 GHz; for H2O: 183 GHz, 380 GHz.
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 7
Incremental Weighting Functions (IWF) for the selected channels in the bands of oxygen (54, 118 and 425 GHz) and of water vapour (183 and 380 GHz). Note that the sensitivity of 380 and 425 GHz drastically drops in lower troposphere (Klein and Gasiewski, 2000).
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 8
Comparison between the 118/54 GHz profile ratio from the NAST-M microwave radiometer being flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft and simultaneous EDOP Doppler radar reflectivity observation. Hurricane Bonnie at 17 GMT on August 26, 1998 (Tsou et al, 2001). The ratio 118/54 is unit in the absence of precipitation or above the precipitation cell, and reduces in the presence of precipitation because of higher attenuation from drops and impact from ice scattering at the higher frequency. The agreement between the two vertical cross-sections is striking. Horizontal maps of this information from GEO at 15 min intervals, will resemble a proxy rain radar operating over continental field of view, particularly over oceans and mountainous terrain.
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 9
Planning for an airborne campaign
Objectives of a MW/Sub-mm airborne campaign in Europe are:
• To characterise the signature of clouds and precipitation in the MW and Sub-mm bands selected for GOMAS and GEM in respect of frontal rain, light rain and snowfall, in addition to convective rain considered to be enough characterised.
• To compare experimental precipitation observation by MW/Sub-mm sounding with conventional data observed by MW windows. This will, i.a., allow demonstrating the benefit of adding absorption channels to the baseline window channels of EGPM (European contribution to GPM).
• To contextually demonstrate the applicability of MW/Sub-mm to the study of cloud ice and water vapour in the Upper Troposphere / Lower Stratosphere (project CIWSIR, Cloud Ice and Water-vapour Sub-mm Imaging Radiometer).
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 10
54 GHz 118 GHz 183 GHz 380 GHz 425 GHz
(GHz) (MHz) (GHz) (MHz) (GHz) (MHz) (GHz) (MHz) (GHz) (MHz)
56.325 50 118.7503 0.018 6 183.3101 0.300 300 380.1974 0.045 30 424.7631 0.030 10
56.215 50 118.7503 0.035 12 183.3101 0.900 500 380.1974 0.400 200 424.7631 0.070 20
56.025 250 118.7503 0.080 20 183.3101 1.650 700 380.1974 1.500 500 424.7631 0.150 60
55.520 180 118.7503 0.200 100 183.3101 3.000 1000 380.1974 4.000 900 424.7631 0.300 100
54.950 300 118.7503 0.400 200 183.3101 5.000 2000 380.1974 9.000 2000 424.7631 0.600 200
54.400 220 118.7503 0.700 400 183.3101 7.000 2000 380.1974 18.000 2000 424.7631 1.000 400
53.845 190 118.7503 1.100 400 183.3101 17.000 4000340.0 8000
424.7631 1.500 600
53.290 360 118.7503 1.500 400 optional/auxiliary
424.7631 4.000 1000
52.825 300 118.7503 2.100 800
51.760 400 118.7503 3.000 1000
50.300 180 118.7503 5.000 2000
Bands and channels of GOMAS and GEM
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 11
(GHz) (MHz) Polarisation (GHz) (MHz) Polarisation (GHz) (MHz) Polarisation
157.0 (*) 3000 two 56.025 250 118.7503 0.200 100
89.0 3000 two 55.520 180 118.7503 0.400 200
36.5 1000 two 54.950 300 118.7503 0.700 400
23.8 400 one 54.400 220 118.7503 1.100 400 one
18.7 200 two 53.845 190 one 118.7503 1.500 400
10.7 100 two 53.290 360 118.7503 2.100 800
(*) Alternative: 150.0 GHz 52.825 300 118.7503 3.000 1000
51.760 400 118.7503 5.000 2000
50.300 180
“Classical” channels
for precipitation
Sounding channels for improved observation over land including frontal rain, light rain and snowfall
Bands and channels of EGPG (green boxes baseline, others optional)
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 12
“Cirrus” channels “Sounding” channels
(GHz) (MHz) Polarisation (GHz) (MHz) Polarisation
874.38 6.00 3000 two 424.7631 0.030 10
682.95 6.00 3000 two 424.7631 0.070 20
448.00 1.44 1560 424.7631 0.150 60
448.00 3.00 1560 one 424.7631 0.300 100 one
448.00 7.20 3000 424.7631 0.600 200
325.15 1.50 1680 424.7631 1.000 400
325.15 3.18 1680 one 424.7631 1.500 600
325.15 5.94 3000 424.7631 4.000 1000
183.31 1.47 1380 380.1974 0.045 30
183.31 2.85 1380 one 380.1974 0.400 200
183.31 4.50 1920 380.1974 1.500 500 one
380.1974 4.000 900
380.1974 9.000 2000
380.1974 18.000 2000
Bands and channels of CIWSIR for cloud ice and water vapour in UT/LS
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 13
Scanheads of the NOAA/ETL Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR)
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 14
The “M-55 Geophysica” aircraft
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 15
The “M-55 Geophysica” aircraft
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 16
The “M-55 Geophysica” aircraft
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 17
Volumetric aspect of PSR (about 1 m3, about 430 kg)
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 18
Bay I: volume 2,052 m3, mass 360 kg - Bay II: volume 1,963 m3, mass 430 kg - Bay III: volume 1,135 m3, mass 100 kg
2nd IPWG Workshop, Monterey 25-28 October 2004 19
Status of planning - Conclusion
A pre-feasibility study has been carried out informally by Russians and NOAA/ETL (Al Gasiewski) with the assistance of CNR/ISAC staff.
NOAA/ETL has implemented the necessary modifications to the instrument to fit the M-55 Geophysica bay II.
Interest to support the campaign has been generically expressed at instances by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), ESA, NASA, EUMETSAT and NOAA.
Costs have been estimated as 900 k Euro for 60 flight hours across Europe.
The nominal plan aims at a first campaign in mid-October to mid-December 2005 and a second one in Spring 2006.
The purpose of presenting the plan to IPWG is to establish resonance with the CGMS Action within Space Agencies aimed at providing support to the IPWG activities. As mentioned, CGMS expects a report on the implementation of this Action at its next session (Tokyo, second half of 2005).